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Daniel第2章

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1 La seconde année du règne de Nebucadnetsar, Nebucadnetsar eut des songes. Il avait l'esprit agité, et ne pouvait dormir.

2 Le roi fit appeler les magiciens, les astrologues, les enchanteurs et les Chaldéens, pour qu'ils lui disent ses songes. Ils vinrent, et se présentèrent devant le roi.

3 Le roi leur dit: J'ai eu un songe; mon esprit est agité, et je voudrais connaître ce songe.

4 Les Chaldéens répondirent au roi en langue araméenne: O roi, vis éternellement! dis le songe à tes serviteurs, et nous en donnerons l'explication.

5 Le roi reprit la parole et dit aux Chaldéens: La chose m'a échappé; si vous ne me faites connaître le songe et son explication, vous serez mis en pièces, et vos maisons seront réduites en un tas d'immondices.

6 Mais si vous me dites le songe et son explication, vous recevrez de moi des dons et des présents, et de grands honneurs. C'est pourquoi dites-moi le songe et son explication.

7 Ils répondirent pour la seconde fois: Que le roi dise le songe à ses serviteurs, et nous en donnerons l'explication.

8 Le roi reprit la parole et dit: Je m'aperçois, en vérité, que vous voulez gagner du temps, parce que vous voyez que la chose m'a échappé.

9 Si donc vous ne me faites pas connaître le songe, la même sentence vous enveloppera tous; vous voulez vous préparer à me dire des mensonges et des faussetés, en attendant que les temps soient changés. C'est pourquoi dites-moi le songe, et je saurai si vous êtes capables de m'en donner l'explication.

10 Les Chaldéens répondirent au roi: Il n'est personne sur la terre qui puisse dire ce que demande le roi; aussi jamais roi, quelque grand et puissant qu'il ait été, n'a exigé une pareille chose d'aucun magicien, astrologue ou Chaldéen.

11 Ce que le roi demande est difficile; il n'y a personne qui puisse le dire au roi, excepté les dieux, dont la demeure n'est pas parmi les hommes.

12 Là-dessus le roi se mit en colère, et s'irrita violemment. Il ordonna qu'on fasse périr tous les sages de Babylone.

13 La sentence fut publiée, les sages étaient mis à mort, et l'on cherchait Daniel et ses compagnons pour les faire périr.

14 Alors Daniel s'adressa d'une manière prudente et sensée à Arjoc, chef des gardes du roi, qui était sorti pour mettre à mort les sages de Babylone.

15 Il prit la parole et dit à Arjoc, commandant du roi: Pourquoi la sentence du roi est-elle si sévère? Arjoc exposa la chose à Daniel.

16 Et Daniel se rendit vers le roi, et le pria de lui accorder du temps pour donner au roi l'explication.

17 Ensuite Daniel alla dans sa maison, et il instruisit de cette affaire Hanania, Mischaël et Azaria, ses compagnons,

18 les engageant à implorer la miséricorde du Dieu des cieux, afin qu'on ne fît pas périr Daniel et ses compagnons avec le reste des sages de Babylone.

19 Alors le secret fut révélé à Daniel dans une vision pendant la nuit. Et Daniel bénit le Dieu des cieux.

20 Daniel prit la parole et dit: Béni soit le nom de Dieu, d'éternité en éternité! A lui appartiennent la sagesse et la force.

21 C'est lui qui change les temps et les circonstances, qui renverse et qui établit les rois, qui donne la sagesse aux sages et la science à ceux qui ont de l'intelligence.

22 Il révèle ce qui est profond et caché, il connaît ce qui est dans les ténèbres, et la lumière demeure avec lui.

23 Dieu de mes pères, je te glorifie et je te loue de ce que tu m'as donné la sagesse et la force, et de ce que tu m'as fait connaître ce que nous t'avons demandé, de ce que tu nous as révélé le secret du roi.

24 Après cela, Daniel se rendit auprès d'Arjoc, à qui le roi avait ordonné de faire périr les sages de Babylone; il alla, et lui parla ainsi: Ne fais pas périr les sages de Babylone! Conduis-moi devant le roi, et je donnerai au roi l'explication.

25 Arjoc conduisit promptement Daniel devant le roi, et lui parla ainsi: J'ai trouvé parmi les captifs de Juda un homme qui donnera l'explication au roi.

26 Le roi prit la parole et dit à Daniel, qu'on nommait Beltschatsar: Es-tu capable de me faire connaître le songe que j'ai eu et son explication?

27 Daniel répondit en présence du roi et dit: Ce que le roi demande est un secret que les sages, les astrologues, les magiciens et les devins, ne sont pas capables de découvrir au roi.

28 Mais il y a dans les cieux un Dieu qui révèle les secrets, et qui a fait connaître au roi Nebucadnetsar ce qui arrivera dans la suite des temps. Voici ton songe et les visions que tu as eues sur ta couche.

29 Sur ta couche, ô roi, il t'est monté des pensées touchant ce qui sera après ce temps-ci; et celui qui révèle les secrets t'a fait connaître ce qui arrivera.

30 Si ce secret m'a été révélé, ce n'est point qu'il y ait en moi une sagesse supérieure à celle de tous les vivants; mais c'est afin que l'explication soit donnée au roi, et que tu connaisses les pensées de ton coeur.

31 O roi, tu regardais, et tu voyais une grande statue; cette statue était immense, et d'une splendeur extraordinaire; elle était debout devant toi, et son aspect était terrible.

32 La tête de cette statue était d'or pur; sa poitrine et ses bras étaient d'argent; son ventre et ses cuisses étaient d'airain;

33 ses jambes, de fer; ses pieds, en partie de fer et en partie d'argile.

34 Tu regardais, lorsqu'une pierre se détacha sans le secours d'aucune main, frappa les pieds de fer et d'argile de la statue, et les mit en pièces.

35 Alors le fer, l'argile, l'airain, l'argent et l'or, furent brisés ensemble, et devinrent comme la balle qui s'échappe d'une aire en été; le vent les emporta, et nulle trace n'en fut retrouvée. Mais la pierre qui avait frappé la statue devint une grande montagne, et remplit toute la terre.

36 Voilà le songe. Nous en donnerons l'explication devant le roi.

37 O roi, tu es le roi des rois, car le Dieu des cieux t'a donné l'empire, la puissance, la force et la gloire;

38 il a remis entre tes mains, en quelque lieu qu'ils habitent, les enfants des hommes, les bêtes des champs et les oiseaux du ciel, et il t'a fait dominer sur eux tous: c'est toi qui es la tête d'or.

39 Après toi, il s'élèvera un autre royaume, moindre que le tien; puis un troisième royaume, qui sera d'airain, et qui dominera sur toute la terre.

40 Il y aura un quatrième royaume, fort comme du fer; de même que le fer brise et rompt tout, il brisera et rompra tout, comme le fer qui met tout en pièces.

41 Et comme tu as vu les pieds et les orteils en partie d'argile de potier et en partie de fer, ce royaume sera divisé; mais il y aura en lui quelque chose de la force du fer, parce que tu as vu le fer mêlé avec l'argile.

42 Et comme les doigts des pieds étaient en partie de fer et en partie d'argile, ce royaume sera en partie fort et en partie fragile.

43 Tu as vu le fer mêlé avec l'argile, parce qu'ils se mêleront par des alliances humaines; mais ils ne seront point unis l'un à l'autre, de même que le fer ne s'allie point avec l'argile.

44 Dans le temps de ces rois, le Dieu des cieux suscitera un royaume qui ne sera jamais détruit, et qui ne passera point sous la domination d'un autre peuple; il brisera et anéantira tous ces royaumes-là, et lui-même subsistera éternellement.

45 C'est ce qu'indique la pierre que tu as vue se détacher de la montagne sans le secours d'aucune main, et qui a brisé le fer, l'airain, l'argile, l'argent et l'or. Le grand Dieu a fait connaître au roi ce qui doit arriver après cela. Le songe est véritable, et son explication est certaine.

46 Alors le roi Nebucadnetsar tomba sur sa face et se prosterna devant Daniel, et il ordonna qu'on lui offrît des sacrifices et des parfums.

47 Le roi adressa la parole à Daniel et dit: En vérité, votre Dieu est le Dieu des dieux et le Seigneur des rois, et il révèle les secrets, puisque tu as pu découvrir ce secret.

48 Ensuite le roi éleva Daniel, et lui fit de nombreux et riches présents; il lui donna le commandement de toute la province de Babylone, et l'établit chef suprême de tous les sages de Babylone.

49 Daniel pria le roi de remettre l'intendance de la province de Babylone à Schadrac, Méschac et Abed-Nego. Et Daniel était à la cour du roi.

   

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Apocalypse Explained#70

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70. The reason why the feet are said to be like unto fine brass is, that by fine brass is meant brass polished and shining, like something fiery; and brass in the Word signifies natural good. Metals, like all other things in the Word, are significative. Gold in the Word signifies celestial good, which is inmost good; silver signifies its truth, which is spiritual good; brass natural good, which is ultimate good, and iron its truth, which is natural truth. That such things are signified by metals, is from correspondence; for many things are seen in heaven shining like gold and silver, and also many things shining like brass and iron. And it is there known, that by those things are signified the above-mentioned kinds of good and truth; this is why the ancients, who were in the knowledge of correspondences, named the ages after those metals. The first age they called the golden age, because innocence, love and wisdom therefrom, then reigned; but the second age they called the silver age, because truth from that good, or spiritual good, and intelligence therefrom, then reigned; the third age they called the brazen, or copper, age, because only natural good, which is what is just and sincere pertaining to moral life, then reigned; but the last age they called the iron age, because only truth without good then reigned, and when that reigns, then also falsity reigns. The reason why the ages were thus distinguished, was from the spiritual signification of those metals.

[2] From these considerations it is evident what is signified by the statue of Nebuchadnezzar, seen in his dream,

"whose head was of gold, the chest and arms of silver, the belly and thighs of brass, the legs of iron, and the feet partly of iron and partly of clay" (Dan. 2:32, 33).

The state of the church from its first time to its last as to good and truth, is here signified; its last time was when the Lord came into the world.

When it is known that gold signifies celestial good, silver spiritual good, brass natural good, and iron natural truth, many arcana in the Word where those metals are mentioned can be known. For example, what is signified by these words in Isaiah:

"For brass I will bring gold, for iron I will bring silver, and for wood brass, and for stones iron; I will also make thy government peace, and thine exactors justice" (60:17).

[3] But as the signification of brass is what is here treated of, as being natural good, it is necessary only to adduce a few passages where brass is mentioned and signifies that good. Thus in Moses:

"Asher acceptable to his brethren, and dipping his foot in oil; iron and brass thy shoe, and as thy day, thy fame" (Deuteronomy 33:24, 25).

Asher, as one of the tribes, signifies the happiness of life, and the delight of the affections (see Arcana Coelestia 3938, 3939, 6408); to dip the foot in oil signifies natural delight (that oil denotes delight, see n. 9954, and that the foot denotes the Natural, see above, n. 69); the shoe being iron and brass signifies the lowest Natural derived from truth and good, shoe denoting the lowest Natural (see n. 1748, 1860, 6844); iron is its truth, and brass its good, as above. Again,

"Jehovah thy God will bring thee into a rich land; a land out of whose stones thou shalt cut iron, and out of whose mountains brass" (Deuteronomy 8:7, 9).

And in Jeremiah:

"I will give thee unto this people for a fortified wall of brass, that they may fight against thee, and not prevail over thee" (15:20).

And in Ezekiel:

"Javan, Tubal, and Mesech, they were thy merchants; with the soul of man and vessels of brass they gave thy merchandise" (27:13).

In this chapter the merchandises of Tyre are treated of, by which are signified the knowledges (cognitiones) of good and truth. By the names Javan, Tubal, and Mesech, are signified those things that pertain to good and truth, to which the knowledges relate; the soul of man denotes the truth of life; vessels of brass denote scientifics of natural good.

[4] (What is signified by Tyre, may be seen, Arcana Coelestia 1201; what by merchandises, n. 2967, 4453; what by Tubal and Mesech, n. 1151; what by Javan, n. 1152, 1153, 1155; what by the soul of man, n. 2930, 9050, 9281; what by vessels, n. 3068, 3079, 3316, 3318.)

Again, in the same prophet:

The feet of the cherubs "shone like the appearance of polished brass" (1:7).

(What the cherubs and the feet signify, may be seen above, n. 69.) And in the same prophet:

"I saw, and, lo, a man, whose appearance was like the appearance of brass, and a thread of flax in his hands; he stood in the gate" (40:3).

Because the angel here mentioned measured the wall and the gates of the house of God, which signify the externals of the church, his appearance was seen to be the appearance of brass.

He who knows that brass signifies the external of the church, which in itself is natural, may in some measure understand why the altar of burnt-offering was overlaid with brass, and the gate round it was of brass, and the vessels of brass (Exodus 27:1-4), also why the great vessel, which was called the sea, with the twelve oxen under it, and the ten lavers with the bases, and also all the vessels of the tabernacle for the house of God, were made by Solomon of polished brass (1 Kings 7:43-47). He who knows what brass signifies, can also enter into the arcanum why a serpent of brass was commanded to be set up for the people to look at, concerning which it is thus written in Moses:

"Jehovah sent serpents among the people, which bit the people. And he said unto Moses, Make thee a serpent, and set it upon a pole; and it shall come to pass that every one that is bitten, when he hath looked upon it, shall live. And Moses made a serpent of brass, and set it upon a pole, and it came to pass, that when a serpent had bitten any man, and he looked upon the serpent of brass, he lived" (Numbers 21:6, 8, 9).

That the Lord was signified by that serpent, He himself teaches in John:

"As Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of man be lifted up, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life" (3:14, 15).

By the serpent is signified the ultimate of life in man, which is called the external Sensual, which is natural. To represent this ultimate, which in the Lord was Divine, among the sons of Israel, with whom all things were representative, a serpent of brass was made; and the signification was, that, if they looked to the Divine Human of the Lord, they would revive, that is, if they believed in Him, they should have eternal life, as the Lord himself also teaches. (That to see in the spiritual sense is to believe, may be seen above, n. 37, 68; and that a serpent denotes the external Sensual, which is the ultimate of the life of man, see Arcana Coelestia 195-197, 6398, 6949, 10313.) That brass and iron in the Word also signify what is hard, as in Isaiah 48:4; Dan. 7:19; and other places, will be seen in the following pages.

  
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Translation by Isaiah Tansley. Many thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.

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Arcana Coelestia#6832

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6832. 'In a flame of fire from the middle of a bramble bush' means God's love present in true factual knowledge. This is clear from the meaning of 'a flame of fire' as God's love, dealt with below; and from the meaning of 'a bramble bush' as true factual knowledge. The reason why 'a bramble bush' means true factual knowledge is that all shrubs of every kind mean factual knowledge, whereas actual plantations of trees, being larger, mean cognitions and perceptions. Because it produces flower and berries 'a bramble bush' means true factual knowledge. True factual knowledge that the Church possesses consists in nothing else than the Word as it exists in the sense of the letter and also every one of the Church's representative forms and meaningful signs that existed among the descendants of Jacob. These in the external form they take are called true factual knowledge; but in their internal form they are spiritual truths. But truths in their internal or spiritual form could not be made visible to those descended from Jacob, for the reason that they were interested solely in things of an external nature and had no wish whatever to know about anything internal. Therefore the Lord appeared in a bramble bush (when the Lord appears to people He does so in a way suited to the kind of people they are, for a person cannot receive the Divine in any way other than that which is a way suited to the kind of person he is); and therefore also, when the Lord appeared on Mount Sinai He appeared to the people' as a fire burning even to the heart of heaven, and as darkness, cloud, and pitch darkness', Deuteronomy 4:11; 5:22-25; also Exodus 19:18. He would have appeared in an altogether different way if the people below the mountain who beheld Him had not been the kind of people they were. And because those people were interested solely in things of an external nature, when Moses went in to the Lord on Mount Sinai, it is said that he went into the cloud, Exodus 20:21; 24:2, 18; 34:2-5, 'the cloud' being the external aspect of the Word, see Preface to Genesis 18, and 4060, 4391, 5922, 6343 (end), and also consequently representatives in the Church which are seen in outward form.

[2] The truth that the Lord appears to each individual person in a way suited to the kind of person he is may be recognized from the consideration that the Lord appears to those in the inmost or third heaven as the Sun from which light beyond description radiates, the reason being that those there are governed by the good of love to the Lord. He appears to those in the middle or second heaven as the Moon, the reason being that there they are governed by love to the Lord in a more remote and obscure way; for they are governed by love towards the neighbour. But the Lord does not appear to those in the lowest or first heaven either as the Sun or the Moon, only as Light, a light far more brilliant than light in the world. And since the Lord appears to each in a way suited to the kind of person he is, He cannot appear to those in hell as anything other than dark cloud and pitch darkness. For as soon as the light of heaven which comes from the Lord shines into any hell, darkness and thick darkness are produced there. From all this one may now recognize that the Lord appears to each individual person in a way suited to the kind of person he is, for this is suited to the way he receives the Lord. And since the descendants of Jacob were interested solely in things of an external nature, the Lord appeared to Moses in a bramble bush, and also in a cloud when Moses went in to the Lord on Mount Sinai.

[3] The reason why 'a flame' is God's love is that love in its earliest origin is nothing other than fire or flame from the Lord as the Sun. The fire or flame of this sun is what supplies each individual person with the being (esse) of his life; it is that life-giving fire which fills a person's interiors with warmth, as one may recognize from what happens with love. To the extent that love increases in a person he warms up; but to the extent that it diminishes he cools off. This explain s why, when the Lord appeared in a vision, He appeared as fire and flame, as in Ezekiel,

The appearance of the four living creatures (who were cherubs) was like burning coals of fire, like the appearance of lamps. It was moving between the living creatures as a bright fire, and out of the fire went forth lightning. Above the firmament that was over their heads, in appearance like a sapphire stone, there was the likeness of a throne, and over the likeness of a throne there was a likeness as the appearance of a man upon it, above. And I saw the shape of burning coals, as the shape of fire, within it round about, from the appearance of His loins and upwards. But from the appearance of His loins and downwards I saw as it were the appearance of fire, whose brightness was round about it. Ezekiel 1:13, 26-28.

[4] Nobody can deny that all the several details of this vision are signs that represent aspects of the Divine; but unless one knows what is meant by 'the cherubs', 'the burning coals of fire, like the appearance of lamps', 'a throne', 'the appearance of a man upon it', 'his loins from which fire emanated upwards and downwards, and the brightness radiating from the fire', one can have no knowledge of the real holiness hidden within all those several details. 'The cherubs' are the Lord's Providence, see 308; 'the throne' is heaven, or - to be exact - Divine Truth that emanates from the Lord to form heaven, 5313; 'the appearance of a man upon the throne above' is plainly the Lord's Divine Human; and 'loins' are conjugial love and all heavenly love that derives from it, 3021, 4277, 4280, 4575, 5050, 5062. This love was represented by 'the shape of burning coal, as the shape of fire, whose brightness was round about it'.

[5] In Daniel,

I saw, until thrones had been placed, and the Ancient of Days was seated. His clothing was white as snow, and the hair of His head like pure wool. His throne was a flame of fire; His wheels were burning fire. A river of five issued and came forth from before Him. Daniel 7:9-10.

The Divine Good of the Lord's Divine Love was seen in this vision too as a flame of fire. In John,

He who sat on the white horse, His eyes were like aflame of fire. Revelation 19:11-12.

'He who sat on the white horse' is the Lord in respect of the Word, as is explicitly stated in verses 13, 16, of that chapter. Thus 'the flame of fire' is Divine Truth contained in the Word, which radiates from the Lord's Divine Goodness. In the same book,

In the midst of the seven lampstands one like the Son of Man, clothed with a long robe. His head and hair were white, like white wool, like snow; but His eyes were like a flame of fire. Revelation 1:13-14.

Here also 'eyes like a flame of fire' is Divine Truth emanating from the Lord's Divine Goodness.

[6] The meaning of 'a flame of fire' as Divine Truth emanating from the Lord is also evident in David,

The voice of Jehovah falls like a flame of fire. Psalms 29:7.

'The voice of Jehovah' stands for Divine Truth. In order that Divine Truth emanating from the Lord's Divine Good might be represented, the people were commanded to make a lampstand of pure gold with seven lamps and to place it in the tent of meeting by the table where the loaves of the presence were, and to keep the lamps burning unceasingly before Jehovah, Exodus 25:31-end; 37:17-24; 40:24-25; Leviticus 24:4; Numbers 8:2; Zechariah 4:2. The lampstand with its seven lamps served to represent Divine Truth emanating from the Lord's Divine Good.

[7] In order also that Divine Good itself might be represented they were commanded to have perpetual fire on the altar,

Fire shall burn on the altar and not be put out; the priest shall kindle pieces of wood on it at every dawn. Fire shall burn unceasingly on the altar and not be put out. Leviticus 6:12-13.

The fact that the ancients were very well acquainted with the use of fire to represent Divine Love may be recognized from the spread of that representative from the Ancient Church even to nations far away whose worship was idolatrous and who, as is well known, established an everlasting sacred fire and placed in charge of it virgins, who were called the vestal virgins.

[8] In the contrary sense 'fire' and 'flame' mean filthy kinds of love, such as those of vengeance, cruelty, hatred, and adultery, and in general the cravings that spring from self-love and love of the world. This too is clear from very many places in the Word, of which let just the following be quoted: In Isaiah,

Behold, they have become as stubble, the fire has burned them; they do not save themselves from the power of the flame. 1 There will be no coal to be warmed by [nor] fire to sit in front of. Isaiah 47:14.

In Ezekiel,

Behold, I will kindle in you a five, which will devour in you every green tree and every dry tree. The blazing flame 2 will not be put out, and all faces from south to north will be scorched by it. Ezekiel 20:47.

Here 'fire' and 'flame' mean desires for what is evil and false which annihilate everything good and true in the Church, and thereby lay it waste.

[9] In Luke,

The rich man said to Abraham, Father Abraham, have mercy on me, and send Lazarus to dip the end of his finger in water and cool my tongue, for I am tormented in this flame. Luke 16:24.

People who do not know that a person's vital heat has a different origin from that which is the source of elemental fire cannot possibly do anything else but think that by hell fire is meant fire like that found in the world. In the Word however this latter kind of fire is not meant but the fire of love, thus the fire of a person's life, emanating from the Lord as a Sun. And when this fire comes among those engrossed in pursuits contrary to it, it is turned into the fire of evil desires which, as stated above, belong to vengeance, hatred, and cruelty, and which well up from self-love and love of the world. This is the fire that torments those who are in hell, for when the restraint placed on their evil desires is relaxed, one sets upon another and they torment one another in dreadful and indescribable ways. For each has the wish for supremacy and wants to take from the other the things he has by hidden or open devices. When one or two have such desires hatreds consequently develop within the group, and these lead to the savage deeds that are performed, especially by the use of devices involving magic and the use of figments of the imagination, devices which are countless and totally unknown in the world.

[10] People who do not believe in the existence of spiritual things, especially those who worship nature, cannot at all be led to believe that the warmth present in living persons, which constitutes the actual life within them, has a different origin from that which is the source of worldly heat. For they are not even aware, let alone able to acknowledge, that there is a heavenly fire radiating from the Lord as a Sun, and that this Fire is pure love. Consequently they are unaware of countless instances in the Word in which no other kind of fire is meant; nor are they aware of countless manifestations of it in the human being, who is an organ made to receive that fire.

脚注:

1. literally, save their soul from the hand of the flame

2. literally, heavy flame of flame

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.