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Mattheüs第13章

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1 En te dien dage Jezus, uit het huis gegaan zijnde, zat bij de zee.

2 En tot Hem vergaderden vele scharen, zodat Hij in een schip ging en nederzat, en al de schare stond op den oever.

3 En Hij sprak tot hen vele dingen door gelijkenissen, zeggende: Ziet, een zaaier ging uit om te zaaien.

4 En als hij zaaide, viel een deel van het zaad bij den weg; en de vogelen kwamen en aten datzelve op.

5 En een ander deel viel op steenachtige plaatsen, waar het niet veel aarde had; en het ging terstond op, omdat het geen diepte van aarde had.

6 Maar als de zon opgegaan was, zo is het verbrand geworden; en omdat het geen wortel had, is het verdord.

7 En een ander deel viel in de doornen; en de doornen wiesen op, en verstikten hetzelve.

8 En een ander deel viel in de goede aarde, en gaf vrucht, het een honderd-, het ander zestig-, en het ander dertig voud.

9 Wie oren heeft om te horen, die hore.

10 En de discipelen tot Hem komende, zeiden tot Hem: Waarom spreekt Gij tot hen door gelijkenissen?

11 En Hij, antwoordende, zeide tot hen: Omdat het u gegeven is, de verborgenheden van het Koninkrijk der hemelen te weten, maar dien is het niet gegeven.

12 Want wie heeft, dien zal gegeven worden, en hij zal overvloediglijk hebben; maar wie niet heeft, van dien zal genomen worden, ook dat hij heeft.

13 Daarom spreek Ik tot hen door gelijkenissen, omdat zij ziende niet zien, en horende niet horen, noch ook verstaan.

14 En in hen wordt de profetie van Jesaja vervuld, die zegt: Met het gehoor zult gij horen, en geenszins verstaan; en ziende zult gij zien, en geenszins bemerken.

15 Want het hart dezes volks is dik geworden, en zij hebben met de oren zwaarlijk gehoord, en hun ogen hebben zij toegedaan; opdat zij niet te eniger tijd met de ogen zouden zien, en met de oren horen, en met het hart verstaan, en zich bekeren, en Ik hen geneze.

16 Doch uw ogen zijn zalig, omdat zij zien, en uw oren, omdat zij horen.

17 Want voorwaar zeg Ik u, dat vele profeten en rechtvaardigen hebben begeerd te zien de dingen, die gij ziet, en hebben ze niet gezien; en te horen de dingen, die gij hoort, en hebben ze niet gehoord.

18 Gij dan, hoort de gelijkenis van den zaaier.

19 Als iemand dat Woord des Koninkrijks hoort, en niet verstaat, zo komt de boze, en rukt weg, hetgeen in zijn hart gezaaid was; deze is degene, die bij den weg bezaaid is.

20 Maar die in steenachtige plaatsen bezaaid is, deze is degene, die het Woord hoort, en dat terstond met vreugde ontvangt;

21 Doch hij heeft geen wortel in zichzelven, maar is voor een tijd; en als verdrukking of vervolging komt, om des Woords wil, zo wordt hij terstond geergerd.

22 En die in de doornen bezaaid is, deze is degene, die het Woord hoort; en de zorgvuldigheid dezer wereld, en de verleiding des rijkdoms verstikt het Woord, en het wordt onvruchtbaar.

23 Die nu in de goede aarde bezaaid is, deze is degene, die het Woord hoort en verstaat, die ook vrucht draagt en voortbrengt, de een honderd-, de ander zestig-, en de ander dertig voud.

24 Een andere gelijkenis heeft Hij hun voorgesteld, zeggende: Het Koninkrijk der hemelen is gelijk aan een mens, die goed zaad zaaide in zijn akker.

25 En als de mensen sliepen, kwam zijn vijand, en zaaide onkruid midden in de tarwe, en ging weg.

26 Toen het nu tot kruid opgeschoten was, en vrucht voortbracht, toen openbaarde zich ook het onkruid.

27 En de dienstknechten van den heer des huizes gingen en zeiden tot hem: Heere! hebt gij niet goed zaad in uw akker gezaaid? Van waar heeft hij dan dit onkruid?

28 En hij zeide tot hen: Een vijandig mens heeft dat gedaan. En de dienstknechten zeiden tot hem: Wilt gij dan, dat wij heengaan en datzelve vergaderen?

29 Maar hij zeide: Neen, opdat gij, het onkruid vergaderende, ook mogelijk met hetzelve de tarwe niet uittrekt.

30 Laat ze beiden te zamen opwassen tot den oogst, en in den tijd des oogstes zal ik tot de maaiers zeggen: Vergadert eerst dat onkruid, en bindt het in busselen, om hetzelve te verbranden; maar brengt de tarwe samen in mijn schuur.

31 Een andere gelijkenis heeft Hij hun voorgesteld, zeggende: Het Koninkrijk der hemelen is gelijk aan het mosterdzaad, hetwelk een mens heeft genomen en in zijn akker gezaaid;

32 Hetwelk wel het minste is onder al de zaden, maar wanneer het opgewassen is, dan is 't het meeste van de moeskruiden, en het wordt een boom, alzo dat de vogelen des hemels komen en nestelen in zijn takken.

33 Een andere gelijkenis sprak Hij tot hen, zeggende: Het Koninkrijk der hemelen is gelijk aan een zuurdesem, welken een vrouw nam en verborg in drie maten meels, totdat het geheel gezuurd was.

34 Al deze dingen heeft Jezus tot de scharen gesproken door gelijkenissen, en zonder gelijkenis sprak Hij tot hen niet.

35 Opdat vervuld zou worden, wat gesproken is door den profeet, zeggende: Ik zal Mijn mond opendoen door gelijkenissen; Ik zal voortbrengen dingen, die verborgen waren van de grondlegging der wereld.

36 Toen nu Jezus de scharen van Zich gelaten had, ging Hij naar huis. En Zijn discipelen kwamen tot Hem, zeggende: Verklaar ons de gelijkenis van het onkruid des akkers.

37 En Hij, antwoordende, zeide tot hen: Die het goede zaad zaait, is de Zoon des mensen;

38 En de akker is de wereld; en het goede zaad zijn de kinderen des Koninkrijks; en het onkruid zijn de kinderen des bozen;

39 En de vijand, die hetzelve gezaaid heeft, is de duivel; en de oogst is de voleinding der wereld; en de maaiers zijn de engelen.

40 Gelijkerwijs dan het onkruid vergaderd, en met vuur verbrand wordt, alzo zal het ook zijn in de voleinding dezer wereld.

41 De Zoon des mensen zal Zijn engelen uitzenden, en zij zullen uit Zijn Koninkrijk vergaderen al de ergernissen, en degenen, die de ongerechtigheid doen;

42 En zullen dezelve in den vurigen oven werpen; daar zal wening zijn en knersing der tanden.

43 Dan zullen de rechtvaardigen blinken, gelijk de zon, in het Koninkrijk huns Vaders. Die oren heeft om te horen, die hore.

44 Wederom is het Koninkrijk der hemelen gelijk aan een schat, in den akker verborgen, welken een mens gevonden hebbende, verborg dien, en van blijdschap over denzelven, gaat hij heen en verkoopt al wat hij heeft, en koopt dienzelven akker.

45 Wederom is het Koninkrijk der hemelen gelijk aan een koopman, die schone parelen zoekt;

46 Dewelke, hebbende een parel van grote waarde gevonden, ging heen en verkocht al wat hij had, en kocht dezelve.

47 Wederom is het Koninkrijk der hemelen gelijk aan een net, geworpen in de zee, en dat allerlei soorten van vissen samenbrengt;

48 Hetwelk, wanneer het vol geworden is, de vissers aan den oever optrekken, en nederzittende, lezen het goede uit in hun vaten, maar het kwade werpen zij weg.

49 Alzo zal het in de voleinding der eeuwen wezen; de engelen zullen uitgaan, en de bozen uit het midden der rechtvaardigen afscheiden;

50 En zullen dezelve in den vurigen oven werpen; daar zal zijn wening en knersing der tanden.

51 En Jezus zeide tot hen: Hebt gij dit alles verstaan? Zij zeiden tot Hem: Ja, Heere!

52 En Hij zeide tot hen: Daarom, een iegelijk Schriftgeleerde, in het Koninkrijk der hemelen onderwezen, is gelijk aan een heer des huizes, die uit zijn schat nieuwe en oude dingen voortbrengt.

53 En het is geschied, als Jezus deze gelijkenissen geeindigd had, vertrok Hij van daar.

54 En gekomen zijnde in Zijn vaderland, leerde Hij hen in hun synagoge, zodat zij zich ontzetten, en zeiden: Van waar komt Dezen die wijsheid en die krachten?

55 Is Deze niet de Zoon des timmermans? en is Zijn moeder niet genaamd Maria, en Zijn broeders Jakobus en Joses, en Simon en Judas?

56 En Zijn zusters, zijn zij niet allen bij ons? Van waar komt dan Dezen dit alles?

57 En zij werden aan Hem geergerd. Maar Jezus zeide tot hen: Een profeet is niet ongeeerd, dan in zijn vaderland, en in zijn huis.

58 En Hij heeft aldaar niet vele krachten gedaan, vanwege hun ongeloof.

   

来自斯威登堡的著作

 

Apocalypse Explained#785

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785. Verse 3. And I saw one of his heads as if it had been wounded to death, signifies the discordance of their doctrinals with the Word, in which "love," "life," and "works," which do not at all agree with that religious principle, are so often mentioned. This is evident from the signification of the "heads" of that beast, as being the knowledge of the holy things of the Word which are falsified and adulterated (See above, n. 775). When the church and those of the church are treated of in the Word, "head" signifies intelligence and wisdom; and in the most universal sense the understanding of truth and the will of good. But as this treats of those who are not willing that the understanding should enter into the mysteries of faith, but who wish it to be held captive under obedience to their mysteries, and as these are described by "the dragon" and this his "beast," it follows that the "head" of this beast signifies knowledge [scientia]; for where the understanding does not see there is no intelligence, but in place of it knowledge. Moreover, intelligence cannot be predicated of those who are in falsities, but only knowledge (See about this in the New Jerusalem and its Heavenly Doctrine, n. 33). The above is evident also from the signification of "being wounded to death," as being in disagreement with the Word; for doctrine which disagrees with the Word is dead; and this death is what is signified by "being wounded to death."

[2] The discordance is that they separate the life of love, which is good works, from faith, and make faith alone justifying and saving, and they take away everything of justification and salvation from the life of love or from good works; and as loving and doing are mentioned in the Word in a thousand passages, and it is declared that man is to be judged according to his deeds and works, and as this does not agree with that religious principle, therefore this is what is signified by the death-stroke of the head of this beast. From this it can be seen that the words, "I saw one of the heads of the beast as if it had been wounded to death," signifies disagreement with the Word, in which "love," "life," and "works," which do not at all agree with that religious principle, are so often mentioned. That they do not agree is clearly evident from the fact that it is a dogma of that religion that faith alone, without the works of the law, justifies and saves, yea, that if anything of salvation be placed in works it is damnable, because of man's merit and what is his own [proprium] in them. For this reason many abstain from doing them, saying in their heart, Good works do not save me, and evil works do not damn me, because I have faith. From this principle they also assert that those are saved who about the hour of death declare with some confidence that they have faith, whatever their life may have been. But "deeds" and "works," also "doing" and "loving," are mentioned in the Word in a thousand passages, and as these disagree with that religious principle, therefore its dogmatists have devised means of conjoining them with faith. This, therefore, is the signification of the words "he saw one of the heads of the beast as if it had been wounded to death," and "the stroke of his death was healed, and the whole earth wondered after the beast." But how that stroke was healed, namely, by devised modes of conjunction, shall be said in the following article.

[3] In the first place, some passages shall here be quoted from the Word where "deeds," "works," "doing," and "working," are mentioned, that everyone may see the discordance that is here signified by "one of the heads wounded to death;" also that this stroke is wholly incurable unless man lives according to the precepts of the Word by doing them.

In Matthew:

Everyone that heareth My words and doeth them is like to a prudent man; but everyone that heareth My words and doeth them not is like to a foolish man (Matthew 7:24, 26).

In Luke:

Why call ye Me Lord, Lord, and do not the things that I say? Everyone who cometh to Me and heareth My words and doeth them is like a man that built a house upon a rock; but he that heareth and doeth not is like unto a man that built a house upon the ground without a foundation (Luke 6:46-49).

In Matthew:

He that was sown in good earth, this is he that heareth the Word and giveth heed, and who thence beareth fruit, and yieldeth some a hundred-fold, some sixty-fold, some thirty-fold (Matthew 13:23).

In the same:

Whosoever shall break the least of these commandments, and shall teach men so, shall be called least in the kingdom of the heavens; but whosoever doeth and teacheth them, he shall be called great in the kingdom of the heavens (Matthew 5:19).

In John:

Ye are My friends if ye do whatsoever I command you (John 15:14).

In the same:

If ye know these things happy are ye if ye do them (John 13:17).

In the same:

If ye love Me keep My commandments. He that hath My commandments and doeth them, he it is that loveth Me; and I will love him, and will manifest Myself unto him. And I 1 will come unto him and will make 2 My abode with him. But he that loveth Me not keepeth not My words (John 14:15, 21-24).

In Luke:

Jesus said, My mother and My brethren are those who hear My 3 word and do it (Luke 8:21).

In Matthew:

I was an hungered and ye gave Me to eat, I was thirsty and ye gave Me to drink, I was a sojourner, and ye took Me in, I was naked and ye clothed Me, I was sick and ye visited Me, I was in prison and ye came unto Me. And to these the Lord said, Come, ye blessed, possess as inheritance the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world. And to those who had not done these things He said, Depart from Me, ye cursed, into the eternal fire prepared for the devil and his angels (Matthew 25:31-46 the end).

In John:

My Father is the vinedresser; every branch that beareth not fruit He taketh away (John 15:1, 2).

In Luke:

Bring forth fruits worthy of repentance; every tree that bringeth not forth good fruit shall be hewn down and cast into the fire.

By their fruits ye shall know them (Luke 3:8, 9; Matthew 7:19, 20).

In John:

Herein is My Father glorified, that ye may bear much fruit and become My disciples (John 15:7, 8).

In Matthew:

The kingdom of God shall be taken away from them, and shall be given to a nation bringing forth the fruits thereof (Matthew 21:40-43).

In John:

He that doeth the truth cometh to the light, that his works may be made manifest that they have been wrought in God (John 3:21).

In the same:

We know that God heareth not sinners, but if anyone worship God and do His will, him He heareth (John 9:31).

In Matthew:

The Son of man shall come in the glory of His Father with His angels; and then He shall render unto everyone according to his deeds ( Matthew 16:27).

In John:

Then shall come forth they that have done goods into the resurrection of life, but they that have done evils into the resurrection of judgment (John 5:29).

In Revelation:

I will give unto you to everyone according to his works; he that overcometh and keepeth My works unto the end (Revelation 2:23, 26).

Their works shall follow them (John 14:13).

The dead were judged out of the things that were written in the books according to their works. And the dead were all judged according to their works (Revelation 20:12, 13).

Behold I come quickly; and My reward is with Me, to give unto everyone according to his works (Revelation 22:12).

Happy are they that do His commandments (Revelation 22:14).

He said to the angel of the church of Ephesus, I have against thee that thou hast left thy first charity; remember whence thou hast fallen, and do the first works; but if not, etc. (Revelation 2:4, 5).

It was said to the angel of the church in Smyrna, I know thy works; to the angel of the church in Pergamos, I know thy works; to the angel of the church in Thyatira, I know thy works; to the angel of the church in Sardis, I know thy works; and to the angel of the church in Philadelphia, I know thy works (Revelation 2:9, 13, 19; 3:1, 8).

These two chapters treat of the exploration and judgment of those seven churches as to what they are and will be from their works and according to their works.

[4] Also in the fifth, sixth, and seventh chapters of Matthew from their beginning to their end the Lord teaches good works, and what they must be, and that thence is heavenly happiness; likewise in the parables of the laborers in the vineyard, of the husbandmen and servants, of the traders to whom pounds [minae] were given and those to whom talents were given; of the fig-tree in the vineyard which was to be cut down if it bore no fruit; of the man wounded by robbers, to whom the Samaritan showed mercy, respecting whom the Lord asked the lawyer which of the three was a neighbor, who answered, "He that showed mercy," and Jesus said to him, "Go and do thou likewise;" of the ten virgins, of whom five had oil in their lamps and five had none, "oil in the lamps" signifying charity in faith; also in other passages.

[5] Moreover, the twelve disciples of the Lord represented the church in respect to all things of faith and charity in the complex; and of them, Peter, James, and John represented faith, charity, and good works in their order, Peter faith, James charity, and John good works; therefore the Lord said to Peter, when Peter saw John following the Lord:

What is that to thee, Peter? Follow thou Me, John; for Peter said of John, What of him? (John 21:21-22).

This signifies that those who do good works must follow the Lord. Because John represented the church in respect to good works, he reclined at the Lord's breast. That the church is with those who do good works is also signified by the Lord's words from the cross to John:

Jesus saw His mother, and spoke to the disciple whom He loved, who was standing by; and He said to His mother, Woman, behold thy son; and He said to that disciple, Behold thy mother; and from that hour that disciple took her unto himself (John 19:26-27).

This signifies that where good works are, there the church will be, for in the Word "woman," like as "mother," signifies the church. Thus much from the New Testament; there are yet more passages in the Old Testament, as where:

All are called blessed who keep and do the statutes, the judgments, and the commandments, and those cursed who do them not (as in Leviticus 18:5; 19:37; 20:8; 22:31-33; 26:3-4, 26:14, 26:16; Numbers 15:39-40; Deuteronomy 5:9-10; 6:25; 15:5; 17:19; 27:26 in a thousand other passages).

[6] Besides those passages in the Word where "deeds" and "doing" are mentioned there are also very many where "love" and "loving" are mentioned; and "loving" means the like as "doing," since he that loves does, for to love is to will, since everyone wills what he interiorly loves; and to will is to do, since everyone does that which he wills when he is able. Moreover, what is done is nothing but the will in act. Respecting love the Lord teaches in many passages (as in Matthew 5:43-48; 7:12; Luke 6:27-39, 6:43-49; 7:36-50 to the end; John 13:34, 35; 14:14-23; 15:9-19; 17:22-26; 21:15-23), and in brief in these words:

Thou shalt love the Lord thy God in thy whole heart and from thy whole soul; this is the first and great commandment. The second is like unto it, Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself. On these two commandments hang the law and the prophets (Matthew 22:35-38, 40; Luke 10:27, 28; Deuteronomy 6:5).

"To love God above all things, and the neighbor as oneself," is to do His commandments (John 14:21-24); and "the law and the prophets" signify the Word in all things and in every particular. From all these passages cited from the Word it is fully evident that it is not faith separated from good works that saves, but faith from good works and with them. For he who does good works has faith, but he who does them not has no faith.

脚注:

1. The photolithograph has "I will come," the Greek "we will make."

2. The photolithograph has "I will make," the Greek "we will make."

3. The photolithograph has "My," the Greek reads, "of God."

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Foundation for their permission to use this translation.

来自斯威登堡的著作

 

Apocalypse Explained#775

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775. Having seven heads, signifies the knowledge [scientia] of the holy things of the Word which are falsified and adulterated. This is evident from the signification of "head," as being intelligence and wisdom, and in the contrary sense, insanity and folly (See above (Apocalypse Explained, n. 573, 577). And as intelligence and wisdom cannot be predicated of those who by reasonings from the natural man confirm the separation of faith and life, who are meant by "the beast coming up out of the sea," so "its head" signifies knowledge. It means the knowledge of the holy things of the Word, because there were "seven heads," and seven is predicated of things holy (See above, n. 257). The knowledge of the holy things of the Word is meant, because those meant by "the dragon" are not opposed to the Word; for they call the Word holy and Divine, because they collect from it the confirmations of their dogmas. But that they falsify and adulterate by these the holy things of the Word, of which they have knowledge, will be evident from what follows, and is evident in general from this, that those who separate faith from life cannot do otherwise, since such a separation is contrary to each and all things of the Word. For in all things of the Word and in every particular of it there is a marriage of good and truth, as is manifestly evident from the spiritual sense of the Word. This is why there are in so many passages two expressions that appear like repetitions of the same thing, but still one of them has reference to good and the other to truth; thus the two make as it were a marriage, which is called the Divine marriage, the celestial marriage, and the spiritual marriage, which regarded in itself is the marriage of good and truth. (Respecting this marriage see above, n. 238, 288, 484, 660) There must be a like marriage of faith and love, or of faith and good works; for faith pertains to truth, and truth to faith; and love pertains to good, and good to love. From this it is clear that those who separate faith from its life, or what is the same, from love, cannot do otherwise than falsify the Word, because they explain the sense of its letter in opposition to the marriage of good and truth which is in each and every thing of the Word.

[2] It has been said that the "head" signifies wisdom and intelligence, and that with those who are not in wisdom and intelligence it signifies knowledge [scientia]; therefore with those who falsify and pervert the Word it signifies insanity and folly, as above n. 715, where the signification of "the seven heads of the dragon" was explained; so "the head of this beast" has a similar signification, since this beast means the dragon in reference to reasonings from the natural man confirming the separation of faith from the life. The "head" signifies wisdom, intelligence, and the knowledge of truths, and in the contrary sense folly, insanity, and the knowledge of falsities, because these have their seat in the head, and are there in their beginnings. This is clearly evident from the fact that the origins of all fibers are in the head, and from it they proceed to all the organs of sense and motion belonging to the face and the whole body; and there, too, are substances in infinite number that look like little spheres and are called by anatomists the cortical and cineritious substances; and from these go forth small fibers, the first of which are undiscernible; afterwards these are bundled together, and make up the medullary substance of the whole cerebrum, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata. From this medullary substance discernible fibers extend, and these when conjoined are called nerves. By these the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the spinal marrow form the entire body and each and all things pertaining to it; and from this it comes that each and all things of the body are ruled by the brains.

[3] From this it can be seen that the brains are the seat of the understanding and the will, which are called with one term, mind, and in consequence, of intelligence and wisdom, and that these are there in their first principles; also that the organs that are formed to receive sensations and to produce motions are derivations therefrom, precisely like streams from their fountains, or derivatives from their beginnings, or composite things from their substances; and these derivations are such that the brains are everywhere present, almost as the sun is present by its light and heat in each and all things of the earth. From this it follows that the whole body, and each and all things of it, are forms that are under the observation, auspices, and obedience, of the mind, which is in the brain; thus these forms are so constructed after the mind's direction that any part in which the mind is not present, or to which it does not communicate its life, is no part of man's life. From this it can be seen that when the mind is in its thought, which pertains to the understanding, and in its affection, which pertains to the will, it has an extension into every particular of the whole body, and there, by means of its forms, it spreads itself out as the thoughts and affections of the angels do into the societies of the universal heaven. The like is true here, since all things of the human body correspond to all things of heaven; consequently the form of the whole heaven before the Lord is the human form. (This is treated of at length in the Arcana Coelestia and in the work on Heaven and Hell.)

[4] This has been said to make known why the "head" signifies wisdom and intelligence, as also in the contrary sense folly and insanity. For such as man is in his beginnings such is he in the whole, for the body with each and every part of it is a derivation, as has just been said. If, therefore, the mind is in the belief of falsity and in the love of evil, its entire body, that is, the entire man, is in a like state. This is also clearly evident when man becomes a spirit, whether good or evil; then his whole spiritual body, from head to foot, is wholly such as his mind is. If the mind is heavenly, the whole spirit, even as to its body, is heavenly. If the mind is infernal, the whole spirit, even as to its body, is infernal; and in consequence such a spirit appears in a direful form like a devil, while the former spirit appears in a beautiful form like an angel of heaven. But on this more will be said elsewhere.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Foundation for their permission to use this translation.