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Leviticus第4章

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1 Verder sprak de HEERE tot Mozes, zeggende:

2 Spreek tot de kinderen Israels, zeggende: Als een ziel zal gezondigd hebben, door afdwaling van enige geboden des HEEREN, dat niet zou gedaan worden, en tegen een van die zal gedaan hebben;

3 Indien de priester, die gezalfd is, zal gezondigd hebben, tot schuld des volks, zo zal hij voor zijn zonde, die hij gezondigd heeft, offeren een var, een volkomen jong rund, den HEERE ten zondoffer.

4 En hij zal die var brengen tot de deur van de tent der samenkomst, voor het aangezicht des HEEREN; en hij zal zijn hand op het hoofd van dien var leggen, en hij zal dien var slachten voor het aangezicht des HEEREN.

5 Daarna zal die gezalfde priester van het bloed van den var nemen, en hij zal dat tot de tent der samenkomst brengen.

6 En de priester zal zijn vinger in dat bloed dopen; en van dat bloed zal hij zevenmaal sprengen voor het aangezicht des HEEREN, voor den voorhang van het heilige.

7 Ook zal de priester van dat bloed doen op de hoornen des reukaltaars der welriekende specerijen, voor het aangezicht des HEEREN, dat in de tent der samenkomst is; dan zal hij al het bloed van den var uitgieten aan den bodem van het altaar des brandoffers, hetwelk is aan de deur van de tent der samenkomst.

8 Verder, al het vet van den var des zondoffers zal hij daarvan opnemen; het vet bedekkende het ingewand, en al het vet, dat aan het ingewand is;

9 Daartoe de twee nieren, en het vet, dat daaraan is, dat aan de weekdarmen is, en het net over de lever, met de nieren, zal hij afnemen;

10 Gelijk als het van den os des dankoffers opgenomen wordt; en de priester zal die aansteken op het altaar des brandoffers.

11 Maar de huid van dien var, en al zijn vlees, met zijn hoofd en met zijn schenkelen, en zijn ingewand, en zijn mest;

12 En dien gehele var zal hij tot buiten het leger uitvoeren, aan een reine plaats, waar men de as uitstort, en zal hem met vuur op het hout verbranden; bij de uitgegoten as zal hij verbrand worden.

13 Indien nu de gehele vergadering van Israel afgedwaald zal zijn, en de zaak voor de ogen der gemeente verborgen is, en zij iets gedaan zullen hebben tegen enige van allen geboden des HEEREN, dat niet zoude gedaan worden, en zijn schuldig geworden;

14 En die zonde, die zij daartegen gezondigd zullen hebben, bekend is geworden; zo zal de gemeente een var, een jong rund, ten zondoffer offeren, en dien voor de tent der samenkomst brengen;

15 En de oudsten der vergadering zullen hun handen op het hoofd van den var leggen, voor het aangezicht des HEEREN; en hij zal den var slachten voor het aangezicht des HEEREN.

16 Daarna zal die gezalfde priester van het bloed van den var tot de tent der samenkomst brengen.

17 En de priester zal zijn vinger indopen, nemende van dat bloed; en hij zal zevenmaal sprengen voor het aangezicht des HEEREN, voor den voorhang.

18 En van dat bloed zal hij doen op de hoornen van het altaar, dat voor het aangezicht des HEEREN is, dat in de tent der samenkomst is; dan zal hij al het bloed uitgieten, aan den bodem van het altaar des brandoffers, hetwelk is voor de deur van de tent der samenkomst.

19 Daartoe zal hij al zijn vet van hem opnemen, en op het altaar aansteken.

20 En hij zal dezen var doen, gelijk als hij den var des zondoffers gedaan heeft, alzo zal hij hem doen; en de priester zal voor hen verzoening doen, en het zal hun vergeven worden.

21 Daarna zal hij dien var tot buiten het leger uitvoeren, en zal hem verbranden, gelijk als hij den eersten var verbrand heeft; het is een zondoffer der gemeente.

22 Als een overste zal gezondigd hebben, en tegen een van de geboden des HEEREN zijns Gods, door afdwaling, gedaan zal hebben, hetwelk niet zou gedaan worden, zodat hij schuldig is;

23 Of men zijn zonde, die hij daartegen gezondigd heeft, aan hem zal bekend gemaakt hebben; zo zal hij tot zijn offer brengen een geitenbok, een volkomen mannetje.

24 En hij zal zijn hand op het hoofd van den bok leggen, en zal hem slachten in de plaats, waar men het brandoffer slacht voor het aangezicht des HEEREN; het is een zondoffer.

25 Daarna zal de priester van het bloed des zondoffers met zijn vinger nemen, en dat op de hoornen van het altaar des brandoffers doen; dan zal hij zijn bloed aan den bodem van het altaar des brandoffers uitgieten.

26 Hij zal ook al zijn vet op het altaar aansteken, gelijk het vet des dankoffers; zo zal de priester voor hem verzoening doen van zijn zonden, en het zal hem vergeven worden.

27 En zo enig mens van het volk des lands door afdwaling zal gezondigd hebben, dewijl hij iets doet tegen een van de geboden des HEEREN, dat niet gedaan zou worden, zodat hij schuldig is;

28 Of men zijn zonde, die hij gezondigd heeft, aan hem zal bekend gemaakt hebben; zo zal hij tot zijn offerande brengen een jonge geit, een volkomen wijfje, voor zijn zonde, die hij gezondigd heeft.

29 En hij zal zijn hand op het hoofd des zondoffers leggen; en men zal dat zondoffer slachten in de plaats des brandoffers.

30 Daarna zal de priester van haar bloed met zijn vinger nemen, en doen het op de hoornen van het altaar des brandoffers; dan zal hij al het bloed daarvan aan den bodem van dat altaar uitgieten.

31 En al haar vet zal hij afnemen, gelijk als het vet van het dankoffer afgenomen wordt, en de priester zal het aansteken op het altaar, tot een liefelijken reuk den HEERE; en de priester zal voor hem verzoening doen, en het zal hem vergeven worden.

32 Maar zo hij een lam voor zijn offerande ten zondoffer brengt, het zal een volkomen wijfje zijn, dat hij brengt.

33 En hij zal zijn hand op het hoofd des zondoffers leggen, en hij zal dat slachten tot een zondoffer, in de plaats, waar men het brandoffer slacht.

34 Daarna zal de priester van het bloed des zondoffers met zijn vinger nemen, en zal het doen op de hoornen van het altaar des brandoffers; dan zal hij al het bloed daarvan aan den bodem van dat altaar uitgieten.

35 En al het vet daarvan zal hij afnemen, gelijk als het vet van het lam des dankoffers afgenomen wordt, en de priester zal die aansteken op het altaar, op de vuurofferen des HEEREN; en de priester zal voor hem verzoening doen over zijn zonde, die hij gezondigd heeft, en het zal hem vergeven worden.

   

来自斯威登堡的著作

 

Arcana Coelestia#10040

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10040. Since the flesh of the young bull together with its skin and dung was burned with fire outside the camp, it becomes clear that the good of love was not meant by its 'flesh' but the evil of [self] love, as accords with the things stated above in 10035 regarding its 'flesh', and in 10038 just above regarding 'the camp'. But the reason why they were allowed to eat the flesh of the sacrifice, as becomes clear from places which come further on, was that in its worship that nation was interested in the outward performance but not in anything internal, see the places referred to in 9320(end), 9380. And an outward performance devoid of anything internal is not at all holy because then it is something done merely by the body and spoken by the mouth, and the heart and soul are not in it. Nevertheless the outward performance devoid of anything internal was called holy because it represented holy and internal things, these being everything that belongs to love and faith received from the Lord and offered back to Him. Since that nation was by nature such they were not permitted to eat blood and fat, because 'blood' meant Divine Truth which composes faith, while 'fat' meant Divine Good which constitutes love, both of which are received from the Lord, see above in 10033. But they were permitted to eat the flesh of a sacrifice because this flesh meant the human proprium or selfhood, 10035; and the proprium of that nation was such that they worshipped the outward forms as being holy but made nothing whatever of their inward substance. And that worship - apart from the representative aspect of it, which was holy - was idolatrous, see 4281, 4311. Furthermore that flesh, as a representative sign, had no other meaning, when its blood represented Divine Truth and its fat Divine Good, 10033; for then that flesh represented something which was devoid of life and soul, as the outward devoid of the inward is, which is referred to as being dead and which is in keeping with the following words in Moses,

You shall not eat the blood, because the blood is the soul; and you shall not eat the soul with the flesh. Deuteronomy 12:23.

[2] The worship of the nation of the catholic religion, as it is called 1 , is almost the same; that is to say, its worship is outward, devoid of anything inward. The common people are prevented from knowing the inner truths of the Word, because they are forbidden to read it, for which reason also it has come about in the Lord's Divine Providence that in the Holy Supper the common people are given the bread or flesh, but not the wine or blood. And yet blood is that which gives life to flesh, even as wine gives it to bread. For just as the bread without the wine provides no nourishment to the body, neither therefore does the good of love, meant by the bread and the flesh, without the truth of faith, meant by the wine and the blood, provide any nourishment to the soul. In the Lord's Divine Providence it has also come about there that the priest should drink the wine, because by this is meant nourishing the soul by means of Divine Truth devoid of the good of love, which is something outwardly holy devoid of anything inwardly so. They have no knowledge that this has happened in the Lord's Divine Providence because they venerate outward things in an idolatrous manner and so have no idea about inward things. If it had been otherwise, then not unlike the Jews they would have profaned holy things. That drinking of the wine by the priest alone is also a sign that knowledge of Divine Truth resides with priests alone and not with the common people, except so far as they are willing to give them it. Regarding the Holy Supper, that the bread and flesh in it are the Divine Good of the Lord's Divine Love towards the human race, and people's love offered back to the Lord, and that the blood and wine are the Divine Truth emanating from the Lord's Divine Good, and so the truth of faith received from the Lord and offered back to Him, see 3464, 3813, 4211, 4217, 4735, 4976, 6135, 6377, 6789, 7850, 9127.

As regards when it was that the flesh of sacrifices should be taken outside the camp to be burned with fire, see Leviticus 4:11-12, 21; and when it was, and by whom, that it should be eaten, Leviticus 6:26-30; 7:6, 15-19; 19:5-6; Deuteronomy 12:7, 17-18, 27; 27:6-7.

脚注:

1. i.e. Roman Catholicism is seen to be a single nation whose secular as well as spiritual head is the Pope.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.

来自斯威登堡的著作

 

Arcana Coelestia#9127

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9127. 'There shall be no bloodguilt for him' means that he is not guilty of the violence done. This is clear from the meaning of 'blood' in the highest sense as Divine Truth emanating from the Lord's Divine Good, and in the internal sense springing from this as the truth of good, dealt with in 4735, 6378, 6978, 7317, 7326, 7846, 7850, 7877. Consequently 'shedding blood' means doing violence to God's truth or the truth of good, and also to good itself. For anyone who does violence to truth does it also to good, since truth is wedded so closely to good that one is never without the other. Therefore if violence is done to one it is also done to the other. From all this it is evident that 'there shall be no bloodguilt for him' means not being guilty of the violence done to truth or to good.

[2] A person who has no knowledge of the internal sense of the Word can only think that 'blood' in the Word means blood, and that 'shedding blood' simply means killing someone. But the internal sense does not deal with the life of a person's body, only with that of his soul, that is, with his spiritual life, which will go on living forever. This life is described in the Word, in the sense of the letter, by means of such things as constitute the life of the body, namely flesh and blood. And since a person's spiritual life springs from and is maintained by the good that belongs to charity and the truth that belongs to faith, the good belonging to charity is meant in the internal sense of the Word by 'flesh' and the truth belonging to faith by 'blood'. In an even more internal sense the good belonging to love to the Lord is meant by 'flesh' and the good belonging to love towards the neighbour by 'blood'. In the highest sense however, in which solely the Lord is the subject, 'flesh' is the Lord's Divine Good, thus the Lord Himself in respect of Divine Good, while 'blood' is Divine Truth emanating from the Lord, thus the Lord in respect of Divine Truth. These things are understood in heaven by flesh and blood when a person reads the Word. And the same things are understood when the person attends the Holy Supper, though in this the bread is the flesh and the wine is the blood; for 'the bread' has exactly the same meaning as flesh and 'the wine' exactly the same meaning as blood.

[3] But those who think only on the level of the senses, as most people in the world do at the present day, do not understand any of this. Therefore let them keep to the faith they have, so long as they believe that the Holy Supper and the Word have a holiness within them because they come from God. Maybe they do not know where that holiness lies; even so, let those who are endowed with some inner degree of perception, that is, who can think on a level above the senses, consider whether 'blood' is used to mean blood and 'flesh' to mean flesh in Ezekiel,

Son of man, thus said the Lord Jehovih, Say to every bird of the air, to every wild animal of the field, Assemble and come, gather yourselves from all around to My sacrifice which I am sacrificing for you, a great sacrifice upon the mountains of Israel, so that you may eat flesh and drink blood. You will eat the flesh of the mighty, and [drink] the blood of the princes of the earth. And you will drink blood till you are drunk, from My sacrifice which I will sacrifice for you. You will be glutted at My table with horse and chariot, and with the mighty, and with every man of war. Thus will I set My glory among the nations. Ezekiel 39:17-21.

Also in John, in Revelation,

I saw an angel standing in the sun, who called out with a loud voice, saying to all the birds flying in the middle of heaven, Gather yourselves together to the supper of the great God, so that you may eat the flesh of kings, and the flesh of captains, and the flesh of mighty men, and the flesh of horses and those seated on them, and the flesh of all, free men and slaves, small and great. Revelation 19:17-18.

It is obvious that in these places 'flesh' is not used to mean flesh or 'blood' to mean blood.

The same applies then to the Lord's 'flesh' and 'blood' in John,

The bread which I shall give is My flesh. Truly, truly, I say to you, Unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink His blood you will have no life in you. He who eats My flesh and drinks My blood has eternal life, and I will raise him up on the last day. For My flesh is truly food, and My blood is truly drink. He who eats My flesh and drinks My blood abides in Me, and I in him. This is the bread which came down from heaven. John 6:50-58.

The Lord's flesh is the Divine Good of His Divine Love, and His blood is Divine Truth emanating from His Divine Good. This may be recognized from the consideration that they are the food which nourishes a person's spiritual life.

[4] This explains why He goes on to say, 'My flesh is truly food, and My blood is truly drink', and also, 'This is the bread which came down from heaven'. And since a person is joined to the Lord through love and faith, He also says, 'He who eats My flesh and drinks My blood abides in Me, and I in him'. But as stated above, this matter can be understood only by those who are able to think on a level above the bodily senses, in particular by those who believe in and love the Lord, because the Lord raises them from the life of their bodily senses up to the life of their spirit. That is, He raises them from the light of the world into the light of heaven, the light in which conceptions of things that are material, that is, impressions in the mind that are acquired by the body fade from view.

[5] Anyone therefore who knows that 'blood' means God's truth coming from the Lord can also see that 'shedding blood' in the Word does not mean killing or taking a person's physical life but killing or taking the life of his soul, that is, destroying his spiritual life, which consists of faith in and love to the Lord. When 'blood' is used to refer to blood shed unlawfully it means God's truth destroyed by falsities arising from evil, as is evident in the following places: In Isaiah,

When the Lord will have washed the excrement of the daughters of Zion and washed away the blood 1 of Jerusalem from its midst by a spirit of judgement and by a spirit of purging ... Isaiah 4:4.

In the same prophet,

Your hands are defiled with blood, and your fingers with iniquity. Their feet run to evil, and they hasten to shed innocent blood; their thoughts are thoughts of iniquity. Isaiah 59:3, 7.

In Jeremiah,

Yes, in your skirts the blood of poor innocent souls is found. Jeremiah 2:34.

In the same prophet,

... for the sins of the prophets, the iniquities of the priests who shed in the midst of Jerusalem the blood of the righteous. They went astray blind in the streets, they are defiled with blood. Things which have no power they touch with their garments. Lamentations 4:13-14.

In Ezekiel,

I passed by you and saw you weltering in your blood, 1 and I said, Live in your blood; 1 I indeed said to you, Live in your blood. 1 I washed you with water and washed away your blood 1 from upon you, and anointed you with oil. Ezekiel 16:6, 9.

In the same prophet,

You, son of man, will you dispute with the city of blood? 1 Declare to her all her abominations. By your blood which you have shed you have become guilty, and by the idols which you have made you are defiled. Behold, the princes of Israel, each according to his power, 2 have been among you and have shed blood. Men of intrigue have been among you, [ready] to shed blood, and among you have eaten on the mountains. Ezekiel 22:2-4, 6, 9.

In Joel,

I will give portents in heaven and on earth, blood and fire, and a column of smoke. The sun will be turned into thick darkness, and the moon into blood, before the great and terrible day [of Jehovah] comes. Joel 2:30-31.

And in John,

The sun became black as sackcloth made of hair, and the full moon became like blood. Revelation 6:12.

In the same book,

The second angel sounded, and so to speak a great mountain burning with fire was thrown into the sea, and a third part of the sea became blood. Revelation 8:8.

In the same book,

The second angel poured out his bowl into the sea, and it became like the blood of one dead, from which every living soul died in the sea. The third angel poured out his bowl into the rivers and into the fountains of water, and blood was made. Revelation 16:3-4.

[6] In these places 'blood' is not used to mean the life-blood of the human body when it has been shed, but the blood of spiritual life, which is God's truth, when violence has been done to it by falsity arising from evil. 'Blood' has a similar meaning in Matthew,

On you will come the righteous blood shed on the earth, from the blood of righteous Abel even to the blood of Zechariah, whom you killed between the temple and the altar. Matthew 23:35.

These words mean that from earliest times down to the present the Jews had been doing violence to the truths of the Word, to such an extent that they were unwilling to accept any inner, heavenly truth at all. Therefore they did not accept the Lord either. The shedding of His blood by them was a sign of their total rejection of God's truth; for the Lord was Divine Truth itself, which is the Word made flesh, John 1:1, 14. Their total rejection of God's truth that came from the Lord and was the Lord is meant by the following in Matthew,

Pilate washed his hands before the people, saying, I am innocent of the blood of this righteous person; you yourselves see [to it]. And answering, all the people said, His blood be on us and on our children. Matthew 27:24-25.

This accounts for the following incident described in John,

One of the soldiers pierced His side with a spear, and immediately blood and water came out. He who has seen has testified, and the testimony is true; and he knows that he is saying things that are true, so that you may believe. John 19:34-35.

The reason why water also came out is that 'water' means God's truth in its outward form, the kind of truth that the letter consists of. For the meaning of 'water' as truth, see 2702, 3058, 3424, 4976, 5668, 8568.

[7] All this also shows what is meant by being made pure by the Lord's blood, namely accepting the truth of faith from Him, 7918, 9088. Thus it also shows what is meant by the following in John, in Revelation,

They conquered the dragon by the blood of the Lamb and by the word of their 3 testimony. Revelation 12:11.

'The blood of the Lamb' is Divine Truth that comes from the Lord, as also is 'the word of their testimony'. 'The blood of the lamb' is innocent blood, for 'a lamb' means innocence, 3519, 3994, 7840. God's truth emanating from the Lord in heaven has innocence at the centre of it; for none other than those possessing innocence have any feeling for it, 2526, 2780, 3111, 3183, 3495, 3994, 4797, 6013, 6107, 6765, 7836 (end), 7840, 7877, 7902.

脚注:

1. literally, bloods

2. literally, arm

3. The Latin means His but the Greek means their, which Swedenborg has in other places where he quotes this verse.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.