The White Horse #12
12. The Word has been written through correspondences, and thus through representative ideas
The Word as regards its literal sense has been written through correspondences alone, and thus through such things as represent and signify the spiritual aspects of heaven and the Church: 1404, 1408-1409, 1540, 1619, 1659, 1709, 1783, 2179, 2763, 2899. This was done because of the internal sense in each particular instance: 2899; thus too for the sake of heaven, since those who are in heaven do not understand the Word according to its literal or natural sense but according to its internal, or spiritual sense: 2899. The Lord spoke through correspondences, through representative and signifying ideas, because He spoke from His divine being: 9049, 9063, 9086, 10126, 10276. The Lord thus spoke directly to the world and at the same time to heaven: 2533, 4807, 9049, 9063, 9086. Whatever the Lord spoke filled the whole of heaven: 1 4637. The historical narratives of the Word are representative, and their actual words have significances: 1540, 1659, 1709, 1783, 2686. The Word could not have been written in any other style for there to be communication through it with heaven: 2899, 6943, 9401. Those who treat the Word with contempt because of its simple and seemingly uncultivated style, and think that they would accept it if it had been written in a different style, are greatly mistaken: 8783. Also, the manner and style of writing of the most ancient authors was through correspondences and representative ideas: 605, 1756, 9942. I found through my own experience that the wise men of ancient times were delighted by the Word, because they found there representative and significant ideas: 2592-2593. If someone of the most ancient Church had read the Word, he would have seen clearly those things which are in the internal sense and obscurely those things in the external sense: 4493. The sons of Jacob were brought down into the land of Canaan because all places in that land were from very ancient times made representative: 1585, 3686, 4447, 5136, 6516; and so that the Word might be written there, where places were to be named because of their internal meaning: 3686, 4447, 5136, 6516. But in fact the Word in its external sense was altered on account of that people, though not as regards its internal sense: 10453, 10461, 10603-10604. Many passages from the Word are quoted about that nation, which must however be understood according to their internal sense-that is, other than according to the literal sense: 7051. Since that nation represented the Church, and because the Word was written among and about that nation, therefore heavenly ideas were signified by their names, for example Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Ephraim, Joseph and the rest; and by Judah in the internal sense is signified the Lord as regards celestial love, and His heavenly kingdom: 3654, 3881, 5583, 5782, 6362-6381.
So that it may be known what are the correspondences and their nature, and what is the nature of the representations in the Word, something will also be said about those. All things which correspond also represent and then signify something, such that correspondences and representations go together as one: 2896, 2899, 2973, 2987, 2989-2990, 3002, 3225. What those correspondences and representations are, from my own experience and examples: 2763, 2987-3002, 3213-3226, 3337-3352, 3472-3485, 4218-4228, 9280. The knowledge of correspondences and representations was the most important field of knowledge among the ancients: 3021, 3419, 4280, 4749, 4844, 4964, 4966, 6004, 7729, 10252; especially among people in eastern parts: 5702, 6692, 7097, 7779, 9391, 10252, 10407; in Egypt more than other places: 5702, 6692, 7097, 7779, 9391, 10407; even among the Gentiles, for example in Greece and elsewhere: 2762, 7729. But today it is among the lost fields of knowledge, especially in Europe: 2894-2895, 2995, 3630, 3632, 3747-3749, 4581, 4966, 10252. But always that type of knowledge is more important than all others, since without it the Word is not understood; nor are the rites of the Jewish Church which are written about in the Word; nor is it known what the nature of heaven is, nor is it known what that which is spiritual is, nor how it happens that there is an inflowing of the spiritual into the natural, nor how there is an inflowing of the soul into the body, and many other things: 4280, and in passages cited above. All things which appear among spirits and angels are representative in accord with correspondences: 1971, 3213-3226, 3475, 3485, 9457, 9481, 9576-9577. Heaven is full of representations: 1521, 1532, 1619. Representations are more beautiful and perfect the more interior they are in heaven: 3475. Representations there are real appearances since they come from the light of heaven, which is the divine truth; and this itself is the essential part of all things that are in existence: 3485.
The reason why every single thing in the spiritual world is represented in the natural world is that what is internal clothes itself as appropriate in what is its external guise, through which it presents itself visibly, and becomes apparent: 6275, 6284, 6299. Thus, an end clothes itself in suitable guises in order to present itself as a cause in a lower sphere, and then as an effect in a still lower sphere; and when an end passes by way of a cause into an effect, it presents itself visibly, or becomes apparent right before the eyes: 5711.
This is illustrated by the inflowing of the soul into the body: namely, the soul is clothed with such things in the body through which everything it thinks and wishes can present itself and become apparent visibly; therefore when thought flows down into the body it is represented by such gestures and actions as correspond to it: 2988. Quite clearly the feelings of the mind are represented in the face by its various expressions, to such an extent that they are seen there: 4791-4805, 5695. From this it is plain that in every single thing within the natural order there lies hidden deep inside a cause and an end from the spiritual world: 3562, 5711 since things which are in the natural order are final effects, within which are prior causes: 4240, 4939, 5651, 6275, 6284, 6299, 9216. Whatever is internal is that which is represented, and what is external that which serves to represent it: 4292.
What correspondences and representations are may be further seen in the work Heaven and Hell, where the correspondence of all things of heaven with all human things is dealt with: 87-102; the correspondence of heaven with all things of earth: 103-115; and representations and appearances in heaven: 170-176.
Since all things in the natural order are representative of spiritual and celestial realities, in ancient times there were churches in which all the external observances or rituals were representative: 519, 521, 2896. The Church was set up among the children of Israel as a representative church: 1003, 2179, 10149. There all the rituals were external forms representing the internal things of heaven and the Church: 4288, 4874. The representative things of the Church and worship ceased when the Lord came into the world and manifested Himself, because the Lord revealed the internal things of the Church, and all things of that Church, in a supreme sense, had regard to Him: 4835.
Fotnoter:
1. pervaserint totum caelum (De Equo Albo), impleverint universum coelum (De Nova Hierosolyma). The latter stands closer to what Swedenborg has [...] in the entry in his index which he's drawing on here. On the assumption that De Equo Albo is subsequent to De Nova Hierosolyma, this exemplifies Swedenborg's continual effort to refine his wording, though I'm not sure why he changed from impleo to pervado:' the Revd John Elliott, who has noted many similar refinings.
属天的奥秘 #402
402. “被建造的城” 表出自这异端的全部教义和邪说, 这一点从圣言中出现城名的所有经文明显可知. 因为这些城名无一表示一座城市, 一直都是指某个教义或邪说. 天使根本不知道什么城, 也不知道任何城的名字, 由于天使的观念是属灵和属天的, 如上所示, 所以他们没有, 也不可能有一座城的概念. 他们感知到的, 只是这城及其名字所表示的含义. 例如, 对于 “圣城”, 也就是所谓的 “圣耶路撒冷”, 他们只会理解为主总体上的国度, 或具体到每个个体里面的国度. “锡安城” 和 “锡安山” 也是这样理解的, 后者表信的属天等级, 前者表信的属灵等级.
属天和属灵本身也被描述为 “城”, “宫殿”, “房屋”, “城墙”, “城墙的根基”, “壁垒”, “城门”, “门闩”, 城中央的 “神殿” 等等; 如以西结书 (第48章); 启示录 21:15直到末尾; 在启示录 21:2, 10中, 还被称为 “圣耶路撒冷”; 在耶利米书 31:38被称为 “耶和华的城”; 在诗篇 46:4中, 被称为 “神的城, 至高者居住的圣所”; 在以西结书 (48:35) 被称为 “这城是耶和华的所在”, 对此, 以赛亚书上记着:
外族人的众子要建筑你的城墙. 所有藐视你的, 都要在你脚下跪拜. 他们要你祢为 “耶和华的城”, 为 “以色列圣者的锡安”. (60:10, 14)
撒迦利亚书:
耶路撒冷必称为 “真理之城”, 锡安山必称为 “圣山”. (8:3)
“真理之城”, 即耶路撒冷, 表信的属灵事物; “圣山”, 即锡安山, 表信的属天事物. 由于信的属天与属灵事物以城来代表, 所以一切教义都用犹大和以色列的诸诚来表示; 每一座城, 当称其名时, 皆表某个具体教义; 除非通过内义, 否则无人能知此奥秘. 由于城表教义, 所以也可表异端邪说, 在这种情况下, 每个具体城市, 当提及其名时, 都表示某个具体的异端观点. 但在此, 我们只从圣言的以下经文来说明 “城” 大体上表示教义或异端. 因此在以赛亚书, 我们读到:
当那日, 埃及地必有五城的人说迦南的方言, 又指着万军之耶和华起誓; 有一城必称为 “继承者”. (以赛亚书 19:18)
这里论述的主题是主降临时, 属灵和属天事物的记忆层面的知识. 所以, 当论到 “异象谷”, 也就是幻想时, 又说:
你这充满喧哗, 繁嚣, 欢乐的城啊. (以赛亚书 22:2)
在耶利米书, 论到那些 “在南方”, 也就是处于真理之光, 但却灭绝它的人:
南方的城尽都关闭, 无人开放. (耶利米书 13:19)
耶利米哀歌:
耶和华定意要拆毁锡安女儿的城墙; 祂使堡垒和城墙都悲哀, 一同衰败. 锡安的众城门已经陷入地里; 耶和华把锡安的门闩都毁坏折断了. (耶利米哀歌 2:8-9)
谁都看得出, “城墙”, “壁垒”, “城门”, “门闩” 无非表教义.
同样在以赛亚书:
在犹大地人必唱这歌说: 我们有坚固的城. 耶和华要将救恩定为城墙, 为外郭. 敞开城门, 使守信的义民得以进入. (以赛亚书 26:1-2)
又:
我要尊崇祢, 我要称赞祢的名, 因为祢使城变为乱堆, 使坚固城变为荒场; 使外邦人的宫殿不再为城, 永远不再建造. 所以, 刚强的民必荣耀祢, 强暴之国的城必敬畏祢. (以赛亚书 25:1-3)
这些经文并非指现实中的城. 在巴兰的预言:
以东必成为继承的产业, 出于雅各的, 必有一位掌大权, 他要除灭城中残留的. (民数记 24:18-19)
显而易见, 这里的 “城” 不是指一座城. 以赛亚书:
空城破毁, 各家关门, 使人不得进入. 有人在街上因无酒呼喊. (以赛亚书 24:10-11)
“空城” 表教义的空洞; “街” 和别处一样, 都表属这城的事物, 无论虚假还是真理. 约翰书:
当第七位天使把碗倒在空中, 那大城裂为三段, 列国的城也都倒塌了. (启示录 16:17, 19)
很明显, “大城” 表异端邪说, “列国的城” 也是. 还进一步解释了这大城就是约翰看见的那个女人 (启示录 17:18). “女人”, 前面已经说了, 表具有该性质的教会.
