2576. “看哪, 这要给你在与你一起的所有人面前作遮眼的” 表理性真理对属灵真理来说就象一个遮盖物或一件衣裳. 这从 “遮”, “眼” 和 “看” 的含义清楚可知: “遮” 的含义稍后会予以论述; “眼” 是指认知之物, 这从圣言中的众多经文看出来; “看” 是指理解 (2150, 2325节). 谁都能看出, 本节的每个细节都有若非通过某种内义就无法揭开的奥秘. 例如, 经上说他给了一千锭银子, 但这一千锭银子没有给她的丈夫, 却给了她的哥哥; 还有 “这要给你在与你一起的所有人, 并众人面前作遮眼的”; “她是清白的” 等细节. 事实上, 很多历史推理取自字义, 它们全都没有任何属灵之物, 更不用说神性之物了. 这就是圣言的性质.

至于理性真理对属灵真理来说就象一个遮盖物或一件衣裳, 情况是这样: 人的至内在之物属于他的灵魂, 而外在之物则属于他的身体. 前者就是良善与真理, 灵魂从中拥有生命, 否则灵魂便不是灵魂了. 而后者则从灵魂得其生命, 并且它们当中的每一个都象一个身体, 或也可说, 象一个遮盖物或衣裳. 这一点尤其从来世可见之物清楚看出来, 如从呈于眼见的天使就能看出来. 他们的内在从脸上闪耀出来, 而外在则表现在身体和衣着上, 并且表现得如此充分, 以致在那里谁都能仅仅通过他们的衣服就知道他们的品性. 因为每位天使都是真实的实质, 因而是有形的本质. 在圣言中, 被看到的天使也是如此, 经上描述了他们的相貌, 如在主的坟墓中所看到的那些天使 (马太福音 28:3; 马可福音 16:5); 宝座周围的二十四位长老 (启示录 4:4) 等等. 这不仅适用于天使, 还适用于圣言中提及所有其它事物, 甚至无生命之物. 它们的外在都是遮盖物或衣服. 如约柜和它周围的帐幕. 约柜因是至内在的, 故代表主自己, 因为它里面有十诫; 而约柜外面的帐幕则代表主的国度. 而那里的每一个 “遮盖物”, 也就是幔子和帘子则代表主国度, 即三层天中外在的属天和属灵之物. 这从以下事实明显看出来: 帐幕的样式是在西奈山上被指示给摩西 (出埃及记 25:9; 26:30). 帐幕的圣洁由此而来, 而非来自它里面的金, 银和雕刻物.

由于此处所论述的理性真理对属灵真理来说, 就象遮盖物或衣裳, 还由于摩西书描述了帐幕的遮盖物或帘子, 故为了说明, 我们解释一下幔子的具体含义. 至于帘子的含义, 蒙主怜悯, 我会在别处予以阐明. 帐幕有三种幔子: 第一种是用来隔开圣所与至圣所的; 第二种被称为帐幕门帘; 第三种被称为院门之帘.

关于第一种, 也就是幔子本身, 即约柜前的帘子, 我们在摩西书中读到:

你要用蓝色, 紫色, 朱红色线和捻的细麻织幔子, 以巧匠的手工绣上基路伯. 要把幔子挂在四根包金的皂荚木柱子上, 柱子上的钩要用金作, 柱子安在四个带卯的银座上. 要把法柜抬进幔子内, 这幔子要将圣所和至圣所隔开. (出埃及记 26:31-34; 36:35, 36)

这种幔子代表理性良善与真理的最接近和最内在的表象, 也就是第三层天的天使所在的表象. 这些表象被描述为蓝色, 紫色, 朱红色线和捻的细麻, 其红色代表爱之善, 白色则代表它的真理. 包柱子, 以及作钩子和带卯的座的金银也具有同样的代表性. 至于颜色具有代表性, 可参看1042, 1043, 1053, 1624节; “金” 表爱之善, 参看113, 1551, 1552节; “银” 表真理, 参看1551, 2048节.

由此可见帐幕的幔子裂为两半 (马太福音 27:51; 马可福音 15:38; 路加福音 23:45) 表示什么, 也就是说, 主通过驱散一切表象而进入神性本身; 并且祂同时打开了经由祂变成神性的人性而通往祂的神性本身之路.

至于第二种幔子, 或帷幕门帘, 我们在摩西书中读到:

你要拿蓝色, 紫色, 朱红色线和捻的细麻, 用绣花的手工织帐幕的门帘. 要用皂荚木为帘子作五根柱子, 用金子包裹, 柱子上的钩子要用金作, 又要为柱子用铜铸造五个带卯的座. (出埃及记 26:36, 37; 36 37, 38)

这种帘子代表比前者更为低级或外在的良善与真理的表象, 也就是说, 它们是理性的中间表象, 是第二层天的天使所在的表象. 对这些表象的描述几乎和第一种一样, 不同之处在于, 这种帘子有五根柱子和五个带卯的座; “五” 这个数字表示相对少许之物, 因这些表象不象至内层或第三层天的表象那样如此一致或属天. 数字 “五” 表少许, 参看649, 1686节. 由于这些表象关注属世之物, 故经上要求这些带卯的座要用铜来铸造, 因为铜代表和表示属世良善 (425, 1551节).

至于第三种幔子, 或院门之帘, 我们在摩西书中读到:

院子的门当有帘子, 长二十肘, 要拿蓝色, 紫色, 朱红色线和捻的细麻, 用绣花的手工织成, 柱子四根, 带卯的座四个. 院子四围一切的柱子都要用银杆连络, 柱子上的钩子要用银作, 带卯的座要用铜作. (出埃及记 27:16, 17; 38:18, 19)

这种帘子代表良善与真理的更为低级和外在的表象, 是理性的最低级表象, 也就是第一层天的天使所在的表象. 由于这些表象与内在事物相对应, 故对它们的描述也差不多一样. 不同之处在于, 这些柱子没有包金, 而是用银杆连络, 钩子是用银作的, 所有这些均表示直接来源于记忆知识的理性真理; 带卯的座是用铜作的, 而铜表示属世良善. 所有这一切表明, 在会幕中, 没有一物不代表主国度的属天和属灵之物; 即所有事物都是照着存在于三层天堂中的属天和属灵之物的各种样式来作的; 还表明, 幔子或帘子表示至内层周围或之外类似身体或衣裳的事物.

此外, “幔子”, “帘子”, “衣服” 或 “衣裳” 表相对低级的真理. 这一点从圣言中的许多经文明显看出来, 如以西结书:

你的篷帆是用埃及绣花细麻布做的, 你的凉棚是用以利沙岛的蓝色, 紫色布做的. (以西结书 27:7)

这论及 “推罗”, 它表示对属天和属灵之物的内在认知, 因而表示那些拥有这些认知的人 (1201节). “埃及绣花细麻布” 表属记忆知识之物 (“埃及” 表记忆知识,1164, 1165, 1186, 1462节). “作凉棚的以利沙岛的蓝色, 紫色布” 表与内在敬拜相对应的仪式 (1156节).

同一先知书:

靠海的君王必从宝座上下来, 除去外袍, 脱下花衣, 披上战兢为衣, 坐在地上. (以西结书 26:16)

这也论及 “推罗”. “外袍” 和 “花衣” 表源于记忆的认知, 因而表较为低级的真理.

又:

我也使你身穿绣花衣服, 脚穿海狗皮鞋, 并用细麻布裹着你, 用丝绸披在你身上. 又用妆饰打扮你, 将镯子戴在你手上, 将链子戴在你项上. 你用衣服为自己在高处结彩, 在其上行邪淫. 又用你的绣花衣服给他们遮身. (以西结书 16:10, 11, 16, 18)

这论及 “耶路撒冷”, 也就是属灵的教会, 描述了它早期的样子, 以及败坏之后的样子. 其相对低级的属灵之物和教义就是 “绣花衣, 细麻布和丝绸”.

以赛亚书:

主万军之耶和华从耶路撒冷和犹大, 除掉众人所倚靠的粮, 所仗赖的水. 到那时, 人在父家拉住弟兄说, 你有衣服, 可以作我们的官长. 到那日, 他必扬声说, 我不做绑扎创伤的; 因我家中没有粮食, 也没有衣服, 你们不可立我作百姓的官长. 主必使锡安的女子头长秃疮. 到那日, 主必除掉华美的脚钏, 发网, 月牙圈, 耳环, 手镯, 蒙脸的帕子, 华冠, 足练, 华带, 香盒, 符囊, 戒指, 鼻环, 吉服, 外套, 云肩, 荷包, 手镜, 细麻衣, 裹头巾, 蒙身的帕子. (以赛亚书 3:1, 6, 7, 17-24)

“耶路撒冷” 表属灵的教会, “犹大” 表属天的教会; “除掉众人所倚靠的粮, 所仗赖的水” 表良善与真理; 官长所拥有的 “衣服” 表构成教义的真理; 所列举的属锡安女子的各种衣服和装饰品表要从他们那里除掉的良善与真理的每一个属和种. 若非此处所提及的每一个事物都表示教会所特有的某种事物, 它们就不是圣言的一部分, 其中每个词里面都有神性之物. 经上所说拥有所有这些物品的 “锡安的女子” 表示那些构成教会的事物 (参看2362节).

同一先知书:

锡安啊, 醒来! 醒来! 披上你的能力. 圣城耶路撒冷啊, 穿上你华美的衣服! 因为从今以后, 未受割礼, 不洁净的, 再不得进入你内. (以赛亚书 51:1, 2)

“锡安” 表属天的教会; “耶路撒冷” 表属灵的教会; “华美的衣服” 表信的神圣事物. 同一先知书:

他们的网不能成为衣服; 所做的也不能遮盖自己. 他们的行为都是罪孽的作为. (以赛亚书 59:6)

“网” 表不能变成衣服的编造的真理; “衣服” 表教义和敬拜的外在真理; 因此经上说 “所做的也不能遮盖自己”.

同一先知书:

我因耶和华大大欢喜, 我的灵魂以我的神为快乐. 因祂给我穿上救恩的衣服, 给我披上公义的外袍. (以赛亚书 61:10)

“救恩的衣服” 表信之真理; “公义的外袍” 表从仁爱流出的良善. 启示录:

在撒狄, 你还有几名是未曾污秽自己衣服的; 他们要穿白衣与我同行, 因为他们是配得过的. 凡得胜的, 必这样穿白衣. (启示录 3:4, 5)

又:

那警醒, 看守衣服, 免得赤身而行的有福了! (启示录 16:15)

又:

我看见宝座上坐着二十四位长老, 身穿白衣. (启示录 4:4)

此处很明显, “衣” 并非指衣裳, 而是指属灵之物, 也就是真理的形式.

这一点同样可见于主论及世代的末了时所说的话中. 那时, 祂叫人们不要回来取衣裳 (马太福音 24:18; 马可福音 13:16), “衣裳” 就表示真理 (参看2454节); 还可见于祂对没穿礼服之人 (马太福音 22:11, 12) 和约翰的讲论中:

你们出去到底是要看什么? 要看穿细软衣服的人吗? 那穿细软衣服的人是在王宫里. (马太福音 11:8; 路加福音 7:25)

这表示他们并不关心教义和敬拜的外在事物, 而是关心内在事物, 因此祂补充说:

你们出去究竟是要看什么? 是先知吗? 是的, 我告诉你们, 他比先知大多了. (马太福音 11:9)

“先知” 在此表教义和敬拜的外在事物.

由于 “衣服” 表各种真理, 故以色列人离开埃及时被命令向她们的邻舍要金银和衣裳, 好给她们的儿女穿戴 (出埃及记 3:22; 12:35, 36).

他们还被命令不可用两样搀杂的料做衣服穿在身上 (利未记 19:19; 申命记 22:11); 并且被命令在衣服边上做繸子, 在繸子上钉一根蓝细带子, 当看见它时, 他们就想起诫命并遵行 (民数记 15:38-40). 过去, 他们还撕裂衣服 (参看约书亚记 7:6; 士师记 11:35; 撒母耳记上 4:12; 撒母耳记下 1:2, 11, 12; 3:31; 13:30, 31; 15:32; 列王纪上21: 27; 列王纪下 5:7, 8; 6:30; 22:11, 14, 19; 以赛亚书 36:22; 37:1). 这种行为表示对以同样方式被撕碎的教义与真理的热忱, 以及谦卑, 因为没有任何属于他们的东西, 这就是衣服的装饰品所表示的.

幔子, 帘子, 衣裳或衣服都表示这类事物, 这一点从当时还是以色列的雅各的预言也能明显看出来:

他把小驴拴在葡萄树上, 把驴驹拴在美好的葡萄树上. 他在葡萄酒中洗了衣服, 在血红葡萄汁中洗了袍褂. (创世记 49:11)

若不通过内义, 没人知道这些话表示什么, 也就是说, “葡萄树”, “美好的葡萄树”, “小驴”, “驴驹”, “葡萄酒”, “血红葡萄汁”, “衣服”, “袍褂” 分别表示什么. 不过, 显而易见, 它们论及主, 祂在此被称为 “细罗”. 所论述的主题是犹大, 他代表主的神性属天之物; 他在葡萄酒中所洗的衣服, 在血红葡萄汁中所洗的袍褂表示主的理性和属世之物, 祂要把它们变成神性.

同样在以赛亚书:

这从以东的波斯拉来, 穿红衣服, 装扮华美, 能力广大, 大步行走的是谁呢? 就是我, 是凭公义说话, 以大能施行拯救. 你的装扮为何有红色? 你的衣服为何像踹酒榨的呢? 我独自踹酒榨, 众民中无一人与我同在. 他们的胜利溅在我衣服上, 我把我所有的衣裳都染污了. (以赛亚书 63:1-3)

此处 “衣服” 和 “衣裳” 表主的人性, 祂凭自己的力量通过试探的争战和胜利使人性变成神性; 因此经上说 “我独自踹酒榨, 众民中无一人与我同在”. “以撒一闻以扫衣服上的香气, 就给他祝福” (创世记 27:27) 具有同样的意思.

主的神圣人性的圣洁本身也是衣裳, 当祂变像时, 这衣裳洁白放光, 如马太福音所描述的:

当耶稣变了形像时, 祂的脸面明亮如日头, 衣裳洁白如光. (马太福音 17:2)

路加福音:

耶稣正祷告的时候, 祂的面貌就改变了, 衣服洁白放光. (路加福音 9:29)

马可福音:

当耶稣变像时, 祂的衣服放光, 极其洁白, 象雪一样, 地上漂布的, 没有一个能漂得那样白. (马可福音 9:3)

亚伦进圣所所穿细麻布圣内袍也是同样的代表物 (利未记 16:2, 4), 他供祭司职分时为荣耀, 为华美的圣衣也一样 (出埃及记 28:2至末尾; 39:1至末尾). 这些衣服没有一个细节不具有代表性.

331. And people and nation, signifies who are of the Lord's spiritual church, and of His celestial church. This is evident from the signification of "people" and "nation" in the Word, "people" signifying those who are in spiritual good, thus those who are of the Lord's spiritual church, and "nation" those who are in celestial good, thus those who are of the Lord's celestial church. That there are two kingdoms into which the heavens are divided, namely, the celestial kingdom and the spiritual kingdom, and that those who are in the good of love to the Lord are in the celestial kingdom, and those who are in the good of charity towards the neighbor are in the spiritual kingdom, see in the work on Heaven and Hell, (n. 20-28). These two kingdoms, however, are not only in the heavens but also on the earth, and on the earth they are called the celestial church and the spiritual church. Few know what is signified in the Word specifically by a "people" or "peoples," and what by a "nation" or "nations." I will therefore present from the Word some passages where the two are named together, from which it will be clear that "people" and "nations" have distinct significations, for unless they had distinct significations they would not both be named together, as in the following passages.

[2] In Isaiah:

The strong people shall glorify Thee, the city of the formidable nations shall fear Thee. Jehovah will swallow up in this mountain the faces of the covering, that covereth over all peoples, and the veil that is veiled over all nations (Isaiah 25:3, 7).

Here a distinction is made between "peoples" and "nations," because "peoples" signify those who are of the Lord's spiritual kingdom, and "nations" those who are of His celestial kingdom, thus those who are in spiritual good and those in celestial good. Spiritual good is the good of charity towards the neighbor, thus the good of faith, and celestial good is the good of love to the Lord, and thence the good of mutual love. The truth of this good is what is meant by "the city of formidable nations," for "city" signifies the doctrine of truth, or the truths of doctrine; "to swallow up the covering over all peoples, and the veil veiled over all nations," signifies to dispel the shade that has so covered the understanding that the truths are not seen or the goods perceived that pertain to heaven and the church.

[3] In the same:

Come near, ye nations, to hear; and hearken, ye peoples; let the earth hear, and the fullness thereof (Isaiah 34:1).

Because "nations" signify those who are in the good of love, and "peoples" those who are in the good of charity and in the truths of faith therefrom, it is said of the nations that they should "come near," and of the peoples that they should "hearken;" to "come near" signifies to be conjoined by love, and to "hearken" signifies to obey and to be instructed; it is therefore said, "let the earth hear, and the fullness thereof," "earth" signifying the church in respect to good, and "the fullness thereof" truths.

[4] In the same:

I Jehovah have called thee in righteousness, and I will hold thine hand and I will give thee for a covenant to the people, for a light of the nations (Isaiah 42:6).

In the same:

Bring forth the blind people that have eyes, and the deaf that have ears. Let all the nations be brought together, and let the peoples gather together (Isaiah 43:8-9).

In the same:

I have given him for a witness to the peoples, a prince and lawgiver to the nations (Isaiah 55:4).

In the same:

Thus said the Lord Jehovih, Behold, I will lift up Mine hand towards the nations, and lift up My standard towards the peoples (Isaiah 49:22).

In the same:

The peoples that walk in darkness have seen a great light. Thou hast multiplied the nation, thou hast made great to it gladness (Isaiah 9:2-3).

And in the same:

It shall be in that day that the root of Jesse, which standeth for an ensign of the peoples, the nations shall seek. And He shall lift up an ensign for the nations, and shall gather together the outcasts of Israel (Isaiah 11:10, 12).

All these things are said of the Lord; and "peoples" and "nations" mean all who are of His church; for all who are of the Lord's church are either of His celestial kingdom or of His spiritual kingdom; not any except those who are in these two kingdoms can possibly be of the church. Moreover, there are two things that constitute the church, good and truth, both from the Lord; "nations" mean those who are in good, and "peoples" those who are in truth; and, abstractly from persons, "nations" signify the goods of the church, and "peoples" its truths; "peoples" signify the truths of the church because spiritual good, or the good of charity towards the neighbor, in which those are who are meant by "peoples," in its essence is truth. (See Arcana Coelestia 8042, 10296; why it is so, n. 863, 875, 895, 927, 1023, 1043, 1044, 1555, 2256, 4328, 4493, 5113, 9596; thence what the distinction is between those who are of the celestial kingdom and those who are of the spiritual kingdom, n. 2088, 2669, 2708, 2715, 3235, 3240, 4788, 7068, 8521, 9277, 10295)

[5] In the same:

In that time a present unto Jehovah of Hosts shall be brought; a people distracted and plundered: and a nation meted out and trodden down, whose land the rivers have spoiled, to the place of the name of Jehovah of Hosts, to Mount Zion (Isaiah 18:2, 7).

This treats of the invitation of all to the church; therefore also "people" and "nation" are both mentioned. "Mount Zion" signifies the church, to which they are invited; "a people distracted and plundered" signifies those with whom truths have been taken away, changed, or perverted by those who are in the falsities of doctrine; "a nation meted out and trodden down, whose land the rivers have spoiled," signifies those with whom goods have been treated in like manner, "rivers" meaning falsities and reasonings therefrom.

[6] In Zechariah:

Yet there shall come peoples, and the inhabitants of great cities, to entreat the faces of Jehovah, and many peoples and numerous nations shall come to seek Jehovah of Hosts in Jerusalem (Zechariah 8:20-22).

Here, too, "peoples" and "nations" signify all who are of the Lord's church; "peoples" those who are of His spiritual church, and "nations" those who are of His celestial church. "Jerusalem," to which they shall come, is the church.

[7] In David:

Thou wilt set me for the head of the nations; a people I have not known shall serve me (Psalms 18:43).

In the same:

Jehovah will subdue the peoples under us, and the nations under our feet. God reigneth over the nations. The willing ones of the peoples are gathered together (Psalms 47:3, 8-9).

In the same:

That [Thy way] may be known on the earth, Thy salvation among all nations. The peoples shall confess Thee, O God: the nations shall be glad and shout for joy; for Thou shalt judge the peoples in uprightness, and shalt lead the nations into the land (Psalms 67:2-4).

Remember me, O Jehovah, in good pleasure towards Thy people; that I may be glad in the joy of Thy nations (Psalms 106:4-5).

I will confess Thee, O Lord, among the nations. I will sing psalms unto Thee among the peoples (Psalms 57:9; 108:3).

In these passages also "peoples" and "nations" are mentioned, by which are meant all who are in truths and goods. Moreover, the very words that are applied to peoples are words that are predicated of truths, and those applied to nations are those that are predicated of goods. That no other are meant by "nations" is evident also from the fact that these things were said by David, who was an enemy of the Canaanitish nations.

[8] In Luke:

Mine eyes have seen Thy salvation, which Thou hast prepared before the face of all peoples; a light for a revelation to the nations (Luke 2:30-32).

In Zephaniah:

The remnant of My people shall spoil them, and the remainder of My nation shall inherit them (Zephaniah 2:9).

In Moses:

When her two sons were struggling in her womb, Rebekah went to inquire of Jehovah, and Jehovah said unto her, Two nations are in thy womb, and two peoples shall be separated from thy bowels (Genesis 25:22-23).

Remember the days of the age, when the Most High gave to the nations an inheritance; when He separated the sons of man he set the bounds of the peoples according to the number of the sons of Israel (Deuteronomy 32:7-8).

"The sons of man" have the same signification as "peoples," namely, those who are in spiritual truths and goods; therefore it is said of them, "when He separated the sons of man He set the bounds of the peoples according to the number of the sons of Israel;" "the sons of Israel" signifying the spiritual church, and the "number" of them, or of the twelve tribes named from them, signifying all the truths and goods therein (See just above, n. 330); such therefore are called "peoples;" "to separate" them and "to set their bounds" signifies to alienate from falsities and to bestow truths; and "to give an inheritance to the nations" signifies heaven and conjunction with those who are in the good of love.

[9] In Daniel:

All peoples, nations, and tongues shall worship Him; His dominion is an everlasting dominion, which shall not pass away, and His kingdom that which shall not perish (Daniel 7:14).

This is said of the Lord; and "peoples" and "nations" mean all who are in truths and goods; and "all tongues" mean all of whatever doctrine or religion; for the Lord's church is universal, since it exists with all who are in the good of life, and who from their doctrine look to heaven, and thereby conjoin themselves to the Lord (of whom see Heaven and Hell 318-328). Because "nations" signify those who are in the good of love, and "peoples" those who are in the good of charity and in the truths of faith therefrom, it is said, "His dominion is an everlasting dominion, and His kingdom shall not pass away;" "dominion" in the Word is predicated of good, and "kingdom" of truth; for this reason the Lord is called "Lord" from Divine good, and "king" from Divine truth.

There are other passages besides these that might be quoted to prove that "peoples" signify those who are of the spiritual church, and "nations" those who are of the celestial church. So far those only have been presented in which "peoples" and "nations" are mentioned together; to these some shall be added in which "nations" alone are mentioned.

[10] In Isaiah:

Open the gates, that the righteous nation that keepeth faithfulness may enter in. Thou hast added to the nation, O Jehovah, Thou hast added to the nation; Thou hast been glorified: Thou hast removed all the ends of the earth (Isaiah 26:2, 15).

In David:

All the ends of the earth shall turn unto Jehovah; and all the families of the nations shall worship before Thee. For the kingdom is Jehovah's; and He it is that ruleth among the nations (Psalms 22:27-28).

In Isaiah:

The nations shall walk to Thy light, and kings to the brightness of Thy rising. Thy heart shall be enlarged, because the multitude of the sea shall turn unto Thee, the army of the nations shall come unto Thee (Isaiah 60:3, 5).

All nations shall see Thy righteousness, and all kings Thy glory (Isaiah 62:2).

In these passages "nations" and "peoples" are not mentioned together, but still in the last two "nations" and "kings" because "kings" signify the like as "peoples," namely, those who are in truths (See above, n. 31); and it is because "nations" signify those who are in good, and "kings" those who are in truths, that it is said of the nations that they "shall see Thy righteousness," and of the kings that they shall "see Thy glory;" "righteousness" in the Word being predicated of good, and "glory" of truth. (That "righteousness" is predicated in the Word of Divine good, seeArcana Coelestia 2235, 9857; and "glory" of Divine truth, n. 4809, 5922, 8267, 8427, 9429.)

[11] From the contrary sense it can yet be seen that "peoples" signify those who are in truths, and "nations" those who are in good; for in that sense "peoples" signify those who are in falsities, and "nations" those who are in evils, as in the following. In Isaiah:

O Assyrian, the rod of Mine anger, I will send him against a hypocritical nation, and against the people of My wrath will I command him (Isaiah 10:5-6).

In the same:

The voice of a multitude in the mountains; the voice of a tumult of the kingdoms of the nations gathered together. They come from a land afar off, from the end of the heavens, even Jehovah with the vessels of His indignation to destroy the whole land (Isaiah 13:4-5).

Jehovah that smiteth the peoples with a stroke not curable, that ruleth with anger the nations (Isaiah 14:6).

In the same:

At the noise of the tumult let the peoples flee away; and before Thine exaltation let the nations be dispersed (Isaiah 33:3).

In Jeremiah:

Behold, a people cometh from the land of the north, and a great nation shall be stirred up from the sides of the earth. They lay hold on the bow and spear; they are cruel, and have no mercy (Jeremiah 6:22-23).

In Ezekiel:

I will not cause thee to hear any more the calumny of the nations, and the reproach of the peoples thou shalt not bear any more (Ezekiel 36:15).

In David:

Thou makest us a byword among the nations, a shaking of the head among the peoples (Psalms 44:14).

In the same:

Jehovah bringeth the counsel of the nations to nought; He overthroweth the thoughts of the peoples (Psalms 33:10).

In these passages "peoples" mean those who are against the truths of the spiritual church, thus in falsities; and "nations" those who are against the goods of the celestial church, thus in evils. This is also the signification of the peoples and nations that were driven out of the land of Canaan. To this let what was said above n. 175 be added.