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Levítico 19

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1 Y HABLO Jehová á Moisés, diciendo:

2 Habla á toda la congregación de los hijos de Israel, y diles: Santos seréis, porque santo soy yo Jehová vuestro Dios.

3 Cada uno temerá á su madre y á su padre, y mis sábados guardaréis: Yo Jehová vuestro Dios.

4 No os volveréis á los ídolos, ni haréis para vosotros dioses de fundición: Yo Jehová vuestro Dios.

5 Y cuando sacrificareis sacrificio de paces á Jehová, de vuestra voluntad lo sacrificaréis.

6 Será comido el día que lo sacrificareis, y el siguiente día: y lo que quedare para el tercer día, será quemado en el fuego.

7 Y si se comiere el día tercero, será abominación; no será acepto:

8 Y el que lo comiere, llevará su delito, por cuanto profanó lo santo de Jehová; y la tal persona será cortada de sus pueblos.

9 Cuando segareis la mies de vuestra tierra, no acabarás de segar el rincón de tu haza, ni espigarás tu tierra segada.

10 Y no rebuscarás tu viña, ni recogerás los granos caídos de tu viña; para el pobre y para el extranjero los dejarás: Yo Jehová vuestro Dios.

11 No hurtaréis, y no engañaréis, ni mentiréis ninguno á su prójimo.

12 Y no juraréis en mi nombre con mentira, ni profanarás el nombre de tu Dios: Yo Jehová.

13 No oprimirás á tu prójimo, ni le robarás. No se detendrá el trabajo del jornalero en tu casa hasta la mañana.

14 No maldigas al sordo, y delante del ciego no pongas tropiezo, mas tendrás temor de tu Dios: Yo Jehová.

15 No harás agravio en el juicio: no tendrás respeto al pobre, ni honrarás la cara del grande: con justicia juzgarás á tu prójimo.

16 No andarás chismeando en tus pueblos. No te pondrás contra la sangre de tu prójimo: Yo Jehová.

17 No aborrecerás á tu hermano en tu corazón: ingenuamente reprenderás á tu prójimo, y no consentirás sobre él pecado.

18 No te vengarás, ni guardarás rencor á los hijos de tu pueblo: mas amarás á tu prójimo como á ti mismo: Yo Jehová.

19 Mis estatutos guardaréis. A tu animal no harás ayuntar para misturas; tu haza no sembrarás con mistura de semillas, y no te pondrás vestidos con mezcla de diversas cosas.

20 Y cuando un hombre tuviere cópula con mujer, y ella fuere sierva desposada con alguno, y no estuviere rescatada, ni le hubiere sido dada libertad, ambos serán azotados: no morirán, por cuanto ella no es libre.

21 Y él traerá á Jehová, á la puerta del tabernáculo del testimonio, un carnero en expiación por su culpa.

22 Y con el carnero de la expiación lo reconciliará el sacerdote delante de Jehová, por su pecado que cometió: y se le perdonará su pecado que ha cometido.

23 Y cuando hubiereis entrado en la tierra, y plantareis todo árbol de comer, quitaréis su prepucio, lo primero de su fruto: tres años os será incircunciso: su fruto no se comerá.

24 Y el cuarto año todo su fruto será santidad de loores á Jehová.

25 Mas al quinto año comeréis el fruto de él, para que os haga crecer su fruto: Yo Jehová vuestro Dios.

26 No comeréis cosa alguna con sangre. No seréis agoreros, ni adivinaréis.

27 No cortaréis en redondo las extremidades de vuestras cabezas, ni dañarás la punta de tu barba.

28 Y no haréis rasguños en vuestra carne por un muerto, ni imprimiréis en vosotros señal alguna: Yo Jehová.

29 No contaminarás tu hija haciéndola fornicar: porque no se prostituya la tierra, y se hincha de maldad.

30 Mis sábados guardaréis, y mi santuario tendréis en reverencia: Yo Jehová.

31 No os volváis á los encantadores y á los adivinos: no los consultéis ensuciándoos con ellos: Yo Jehová vuestro Dios.

32 Delante de las canas te levantarás, y honrarás el rostro del anciano, y de tu Dios tendrás temor: Yo Jehová.

33 Y cuando el extranjero morare contigo en vuestra tierra, no le oprimiréis.

34 Como á un natural de vosotros tendréis al extranjero que peregrinare entre vosotros; y ámalo como á ti mismo; porque peregrinos fuisteis en la tierra de Egipto: Yo Jehová vuestro Dios.

35 No hagáis agravio en juicio, en medida de tierra, ni en peso, ni en otra medida.

36 Balanzas justas, pesas justas, epha justo, é hin justo tendréis: Yo Jehová vuestro Dios, que os saqué de la tierra de Egipto.

37 Guardad pues todos mis estatutos, y todos mis derechos, y ponedlos por obra: Yo Jehová.

   

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Arcana Coelestia # 8002

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8002. 'A stranger and a hired servant shall not eat it' means that those who are prompted by a merely natural inclination to do good, and those who do it for the sake of gain, shall not be together with them. This is clear from the meaning of 'a stranger' as those who are prompted to do good by a merely natural inclination, dealt with below; from the meaning of 'a hired servant' as those who do good for the sake of gain, also dealt with below; and from the meaning of 'not eating it' as not being together with them, dealt with immediately above in 8001. 'A stranger' means those who are prompted by a merely natural inclination to do good because strangers were newcomers from other peoples. They were inhabitants, dwelling with the Israelites and Jews in one house; and 'dwelling with' means sharing in the same good. But since, as has just been said, they were from peoples outside the Church the good that is meant is not a kind of good that is prominent in the Church but is the kind to be found outside the Church. And this is called natural good because it is a product of the hereditary inclinations that a person is born with. With some people such good may also be the product of poor health or debility of mind. This is what one should understand when the good done by those meant by 'strangers' is mentioned.

[2] This kind of good is completely different from the good prominent in the Church, for by means of the Church's kind of good conscience is established in a person; and conscience is the level on which the angels come in and which brings him into company with them. Natural good cannot provide any such level for angels to enter. Those whose good is natural do good in the dark, led by blind instinct, not in the light of truth, under the influence of heaven. In the next life therefore they are carried away like chaff by the wind, by anyone and everyone, whether evil or good, but especially by an evil person who knows how to add a certain amount of charm and persuasion to his arguments. Nor can angels at this time guide them away, for angels operate through the truths and forms of the good of faith; they enter in on the level formed within a person out of those truths and forms of the good of faith. From all this it is evident that those who are prompted by a merely natural inclination to do good cannot be integrated among angels. Regarding these people and their lot in the next life, see 3470, 3471, 3518, 4988, 4992, 5032, 6208, 7197.

[3] The fact that 'strangers' are those who are not in their own land nor in their own house but are those staying in a foreign land is clear in Moses,

The land shall [not] be sold outright, for the land is Mine; but you are sojourners and strangers with Me. Leviticus 25:23.

In David,

Hear my prayers, O Jehovah; do not be silent at my tears. For I am a sojourner with You, a stranger as all my fathers were. Psalms 39:12.

And in the Book of Genesis,

Abraham said to the sons of Heth, I am a sojourner and a stranger among you; give me possession of a grave. Genesis 13:3-4.

'A sojourner', like 'a stranger', means a newcomer and inhabitant from another land; but 'a sojourner' means those who were taught and accepted the Church's truths, whereas those who were not taught them because they were unwilling to accept them are meant by 'strangers'.

[4] As for hired servants, they were people who worked for wages; they were servants, but not ones who had been bought. The fact that they were called 'hired', see Leviticus 19:13; 25:4-6; Deuteronomy 24:14-15. Because hired servants were those who worked for wages they mean in the internal sense those who do good for the sake of gain in the world, and in a yet more internal sense those who do good for the sake of reward in the next life, thus those who wish to earn merit through works.

[5] Those who do good solely for the sake of gain in the world cannot possibly be integrated among angels, since their final objective for doing it is the world, that is, affluence and prestige, not heaven, that is, the blessedness and happiness of their souls. The final objective is what gives direction to actions and what gives them their specific character. Those who do good solely for the sake of gain are described by the Lord as follows in John,

I am the good shepherd. The good shepherd lays down his life 1 for the sheep. But a hired servant, he who is not the shepherd, whose sheep are not his own, sees the wolf coming and leaves the sheep and flees; and the wolf seizes them, and scatters the sheep. But the hired servant flees because he is a hired servant. John 10:11-13.

And in Jeremiah,

A very beautiful heifer was Egypt; destruction has come from the north. Her hired servants are like calves of the stall, 2 for they also have turned about, fled away together, and not made a stand, because the day of their ruin has come upon them. Jeremiah 46:20-21.

[6] A law forbidding strangers and hired servants to share in holy things along with those belonging to the Church is stated in Moses as follows,

No outsider shall eat what is holy; a stranger staying with a priest, or a hired servant, shall not eat what is holy. Leviticus 22:10.

And a law which allowed people to buy from the sons of strangers slaves who would serve them for evermore appears in the same book,

You shall buy a male or a female slave from the nations that are around you. And also from the sons of strangers sojourning among you - from them you shall buy, and from their families which are with you, even if they were born in your land, in order that they may be your possession. And you may pass them on as an inheritance to your sons after you to inherit as a possession. Forever you shall be their masters. Leviticus 25:44-46.

'The sons of strangers' means factual knowledge acquired with the aid of merely natural light. The necessity for spiritual truths to dominate that knowledge is meant by the law that slaves should be bought from the sons of strangers as possessions for evermore.

[7] People however who do good for the sake of reward in the next life, people who are also meant by 'hired servants', differ from those spoken about immediately above, in that they have life and happiness in heaven as their final objective. But this objective turns and alters the direction of their Divine worship away from the Lord towards themselves, as a consequence of which they want things to go well only for themselves, not for others except insofar as these want the same for them. When this is so self-love resides in their every desire, not love of the neighbour; that is, they do not have any genuine charity. Nor can these people be integrated among angels, for angels utterly loathe both the word and the notion of reward or repayment. The Lord teaches in Luke that one ought to do what is good without reward as the objective,

Love your enemies, and do good, and lend, hoping for nothing from it; then your reward will be great, and you will be sons of the Highest. Luke 6:32-35; 14:12-14.

Regarding the nature of good deeds performed to earn merit, see 1110, 1111, 1774, 1835, 1877, 2027, 2273, 2340, 2373, 2400, 3816, 4007 (end), 4174, 4943, 6388-6390, 6392, 6393, 6478.

[8] The reason why the Lord says so many times that those who do good will have their reward in heaven - as in Matthew 5:11-12; 6:1-2, 26; 10:41-42; 20:1-16; Mark 9:41; Luke 6:23, 35; 14:14; John 4:36 - is that before a person has been regenerated he cannot help thinking about reward. But it is different once he has been regenerated. Then he is indignant if anyone thinks that he does good to his neighbour for the sake of reward; for he feels delight and bliss in the doing of good, but not in repayment. In the internal sense 'reward' is the delight belonging to the affection that goes with charity, see 3816, 3956, 6388, 6478.

Poznámky pod čarou:

1. literally, soul

2. i.e. mercenaries who are like fat bulls

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.