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Éxodo 23

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1 NO admitirás falso rumor. No te concertarás con el impío para ser testigo falso.

2 No seguirás á los muchos para mal hacer; ni responderás en litigio inclinándote á los más para hacer agravios;

3 Ni al pobre distinguirás en su causa.

4 Si encontrares el buey de tu enemigo ó su asno extraviado, vuelve á llevárselo.

5 Si vieres el asno del que te aborrece caído debajo de su carga, ¿le dejarás entonces desamparado? Sin falta ayudarás con él á levantarlo.

6 No pervertirás el derecho de tu mendigo en su pleito.

7 De palabra de mentira te alejarás, y no matarás al inocente y justo; porque yo no justificaré al impío.

8 No recibirás presente; porque el presente ciega á los que ven, y pervierte las palabras justas.

9 Y no angustiarás al extranjero: pues vosotros sabéis cómo se halla el alma del extranjero, ya que extranjeros fuisteis en la tierra de Egipto.

10 Seis años sembrarás tu tierra, y allegarás su cosecha:

11 Mas el séptimo la dejarás vacante y soltarás, para que coman los pobres de tu pueblo; y de lo que quedare comerán las bestias del campo; así harás de tu viña y de tu olivar.

12 Seis días harás tus negocios, y al séptimo día holgarás, á fin que descanse tu buey y tu asno, y tome refrigerio el hijo de tu sierva, y el extranjero.

13 Y en todo lo que os he dicho seréis avisados. Y nombre de otros dioses no mentaréis, ni se oirá de vuestra boca.

14 Tres veces en el año me celebraréis fiesta.

15 La fiesta de los ázimos guardarás: Siete días comerás los panes sin levadura, como yo te mandé, en el tiempo del mes de Abib; porque en él saliste de Egipto: y ninguno comparecerá vacío delante de mí:

16 También la fiesta de la siega, los primeros frutos de tus labores que hubieres sembrado en el campo; y la fiesta de la cosecha á la salida del año, cuando habrás recogido tus labores del campo.

17 Tres veces en el año parecerá todo varón tuyo delante del Señor Jehová.

18 No ofrecerás con pan leudo la sangre de mi sacrificio, ni el sebo de mi víctima quedará de la noche hasta la mañana.

19 Las primicias de los primeros frutos de tu tierra traerás á la casa de Jehová tu Dios. No guisarás el cabrito con la leche de su madre.

20 He aquí yo envío el Angel delante de ti para que te guarde en el camino, y te introduzca en el lugar que yo he preparado.

21 Guárdate delante de él, y oye su voz; no le seas rebelde; porque él no perdonará vuestra rebelión: porque mi nombre está en él.

22 Pero si en verdad oyeres su voz, é hicieres todo lo que yo te dijere, seré enemigo á tus enemigos, y afligiré á los que te afligieren.

23 Porque mi Angel irá delante de ti, y te introducirá al Amorrheo, y al Hetheo, y al Pherezeo, y al Cananeo, y al Heveo, y al Jebuseo, á los cuales yo haré destruir.

24 No te inclinarás á sus dioses, ni los servirás, ni harás como ellos hacen; antes los destruirás del todo, y quebrantarás enteramente sus estatuas.

25 Mas á Jehová vuestro Dios serviréis, y él bendecirá tu pan y tus aguas; y yo quitaré toda enfermedad de en medio de ti.

26 No habrá mujer que aborte, ni estéril en tu tierra; y yo cumpliré el número de tus días.

27 Yo enviaré mi terror delante de ti, y consternaré á todo pueblo donde tú entrares, y te daré la cerviz de todos tus enemigos.

28 Yo enviaré la avispa delante de ti, que eche fuera al Heveo, y al Cananeo, y al Hetheo, de delante de ti:

29 No los echaré de delante de ti en un año, porque no quede la tierra desierta, y se aumenten contra ti las bestias del campo.

30 Poco á poco los echaré de delante de ti, hasta que te multipliques y tomes la tierra por heredad.

31 Y yo pondré tu término desde el mar Bermejo hasta la mar de Palestina, y desde el desierto hasta el río: porque pondré en vuestras manos los moradores de la tierra, y tú los echarás de delante de ti.

32 No harás alianza con ellos, ni con sus dioses.

33 En tu tierra no habitarán, no sea que te hagan pecar contra mí sirviendo á sus dioses: porque te será de tropiezo.

   

Ze Swedenborgových děl

 

Arcana Coelestia # 2405

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2405. That 'as dawn ascended' means when the Lord's kingdom draws near is clear from the meaning of 'the dawn' or morning in the Word. Since the subject in this chapter is the successive states of a Church, what happened in the evening, then what happened during the night have been referred to first. What took place when it was twilight comes now, and further on what took place after sunrise. Twilight is expressed here by 'as dawn ascended', which means the time when the upright are separated from the evil. This separation is described in the present verse to verse 22 as Lot being brought out together with his wife and daughters and being saved. The fact that separation takes place prior to judgement is clear from the Lord's words in Matthew,

Before Him will be gathered all the nations, and He will separate them one from another as a shepherd separates the sheep from the goats. Matthew 25:32.

[2] In the Word that period of time or state is called 'the dawn' because that is when the Lord comes, or what amounts to the same, when His kingdom draws near. It is similar with the good, for at that time something akin to early morning twilight or the dawn shines with them. This explains why in the Word the Lord's coming is compared to and also called 'the morning'. Its comparison to the morning is seen in Hosea,

Jehovah will revive us after two days, on the third day He will raise us up, and we shall live before Him. And we shall know, and we shall press on to know Jehovah. As the dawn is His going forth. Hosea 6:2-3.

'Two days' stands for the period of time and the state which precedes. 'Third day' stands for judgement or the Lord's coming, and so for the approach of His kingdom, 720, 901 - a coming or approach which is compared to 'the dawn'.

[3] In Samuel,

The God of Israel is like morning light, [when] the sun rises on a cloudless morning; from brightness, from rain, grass comes out of the earth. 2 Samuel 23:4.

'The God of Israel' stands for the Lord, for no other God of Israel was meant in that Church, where every single feature of that Church was representative of Him. In Joel,

The day of Jehovah is coming, for it is near, a day of darkness and thick darkness, a day of cloud and gloom, like the dawn spread over the mountains. Joel 2:1-2.

This too refers to the Lord's coming and His kingdom. The words 'a day of darkness and thick darkness' are used because at that time the good are separated from the evil, as Lot was here from the men of Sodom; and after the good have been separated the evil perish.

[4] The Lord's coming or the approach of His kingdom is not compared to the morning but actually called such, as in Daniel,

The Holy One said, For how long is the vision, the continual [burnt offering], and the desolating transgression? He said to me, Up to the evening [when it is becoming] morning two thousand three hundred times, and the Holy One will be justified. The vision of the evening and the morning which has been told is the truth. Daniel 8:13-14, 26.

'The morning' here clearly stands for the Lord's coming. In David,

Your people are free-will offerings, in the day of Your power, in the beauties of holiness, from the womb of the dawn You have the dew of Your nativity. Psalms 110:3.

The whole of this psalm refers to the Lord and His victories in temptations, which are meant by 'the day of power and the beauties of His holiness'. 'From the womb of the dawn' means Himself, thus the Divine Love from which He fought.

[5] In Zephaniah,

Jehovah is righteous in the midst of her. He will do no wrong. In the morning, in the morning He will bring His judgement to light. Zephaniah 3:5.

'morning' stands for the time and the state when judgement takes place, which is the same as the Lord's coming, and this in turn is the same as the approach of His kingdom.

[6] Since 'the morning' meant these things, Aaron and his sons, to provide the same representation, were commanded to set up a lamp and tend it from evening till morning before Jehovah, Exodus 27:21. The 'evening' referred to here is the twilight prior to morning, 2323. For a similar reason it was commanded that the fire on the altar was to be rekindled every dawn, Leviticus 6:12; also that none of the paschal lamb and the consecrated elements of sacrifices were to remain until the morning, Exodus 12:10; 23:18; 34:25; Leviticus 22:29-30; Numbers 9:12 - by which was meant that when the Lord came sacrifices would come to an end.

[7] In a general sense 'morning' is used to describe both the time when dawn breaks and the time when the sun rises. 'morning' in this case stands for judgement in regard to the good as well as on the evil, as in the present chapter - 'The sun had gone forth over the earth and Lot came to Zoar; and Jehovah rained on Sodom and Gomorrah brimstone and fire', verses 23-24. It in like manner stands for judgement on the evil, in David,

In the mornings I will destroy all the wicked of the land, to cut off from the city of Jehovah all workers of iniquity. Psalms 101:8.

And in Jeremiah,

Let that man be like the cities which Jehovah overthrew, and He does not repent; and let him hear a cry in the morning. Jeremiah 20:16.

[8] Seeing that 'the morning' in the proper sense means the Lord, His coming, and so the approach of His kingdom, what else is meant by 'the morning' becomes clear, namely the rise of a new Church, for that Church is the Lord's kingdom on earth. That kingdom is meant both in a general and in a particular sense, and indeed in a specific sense, the general being when any Church on earth is established anew; the particular, when a person is being regenerated and becoming a new man, for the Lord's kingdom is in that case being established in him and he is becoming the Church; and the specific, as often as good flowing from love and faith is at work with him, for this is what constitutes the Lord's coming. Consequently the Lord's resurrection on the third morning, Mark 16:2, 9; Luke 24:1; John 20:1, embodies in the particular and the specific senses the truth that He rises daily, indeed every single moment, in the minds of regenerate persons.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.