Bible

 

Éxodo 23

Studie

   

1 NO admitirás falso rumor. No te concertarás con el impío para ser testigo falso.

2 No seguirás á los muchos para mal hacer; ni responderás en litigio inclinándote á los más para hacer agravios;

3 Ni al pobre distinguirás en su causa.

4 Si encontrares el buey de tu enemigo ó su asno extraviado, vuelve á llevárselo.

5 Si vieres el asno del que te aborrece caído debajo de su carga, ¿le dejarás entonces desamparado? Sin falta ayudarás con él á levantarlo.

6 No pervertirás el derecho de tu mendigo en su pleito.

7 De palabra de mentira te alejarás, y no matarás al inocente y justo; porque yo no justificaré al impío.

8 No recibirás presente; porque el presente ciega á los que ven, y pervierte las palabras justas.

9 Y no angustiarás al extranjero: pues vosotros sabéis cómo se halla el alma del extranjero, ya que extranjeros fuisteis en la tierra de Egipto.

10 Seis años sembrarás tu tierra, y allegarás su cosecha:

11 Mas el séptimo la dejarás vacante y soltarás, para que coman los pobres de tu pueblo; y de lo que quedare comerán las bestias del campo; así harás de tu viña y de tu olivar.

12 Seis días harás tus negocios, y al séptimo día holgarás, á fin que descanse tu buey y tu asno, y tome refrigerio el hijo de tu sierva, y el extranjero.

13 Y en todo lo que os he dicho seréis avisados. Y nombre de otros dioses no mentaréis, ni se oirá de vuestra boca.

14 Tres veces en el año me celebraréis fiesta.

15 La fiesta de los ázimos guardarás: Siete días comerás los panes sin levadura, como yo te mandé, en el tiempo del mes de Abib; porque en él saliste de Egipto: y ninguno comparecerá vacío delante de mí:

16 También la fiesta de la siega, los primeros frutos de tus labores que hubieres sembrado en el campo; y la fiesta de la cosecha á la salida del año, cuando habrás recogido tus labores del campo.

17 Tres veces en el año parecerá todo varón tuyo delante del Señor Jehová.

18 No ofrecerás con pan leudo la sangre de mi sacrificio, ni el sebo de mi víctima quedará de la noche hasta la mañana.

19 Las primicias de los primeros frutos de tu tierra traerás á la casa de Jehová tu Dios. No guisarás el cabrito con la leche de su madre.

20 He aquí yo envío el Angel delante de ti para que te guarde en el camino, y te introduzca en el lugar que yo he preparado.

21 Guárdate delante de él, y oye su voz; no le seas rebelde; porque él no perdonará vuestra rebelión: porque mi nombre está en él.

22 Pero si en verdad oyeres su voz, é hicieres todo lo que yo te dijere, seré enemigo á tus enemigos, y afligiré á los que te afligieren.

23 Porque mi Angel irá delante de ti, y te introducirá al Amorrheo, y al Hetheo, y al Pherezeo, y al Cananeo, y al Heveo, y al Jebuseo, á los cuales yo haré destruir.

24 No te inclinarás á sus dioses, ni los servirás, ni harás como ellos hacen; antes los destruirás del todo, y quebrantarás enteramente sus estatuas.

25 Mas á Jehová vuestro Dios serviréis, y él bendecirá tu pan y tus aguas; y yo quitaré toda enfermedad de en medio de ti.

26 No habrá mujer que aborte, ni estéril en tu tierra; y yo cumpliré el número de tus días.

27 Yo enviaré mi terror delante de ti, y consternaré á todo pueblo donde tú entrares, y te daré la cerviz de todos tus enemigos.

28 Yo enviaré la avispa delante de ti, que eche fuera al Heveo, y al Cananeo, y al Hetheo, de delante de ti:

29 No los echaré de delante de ti en un año, porque no quede la tierra desierta, y se aumenten contra ti las bestias del campo.

30 Poco á poco los echaré de delante de ti, hasta que te multipliques y tomes la tierra por heredad.

31 Y yo pondré tu término desde el mar Bermejo hasta la mar de Palestina, y desde el desierto hasta el río: porque pondré en vuestras manos los moradores de la tierra, y tú los echarás de delante de ti.

32 No harás alianza con ellos, ni con sus dioses.

33 En tu tierra no habitarán, no sea que te hagan pecar contra mí sirviendo á sus dioses: porque te será de tropiezo.

   

Komentář

 

Moses

  

At the inmost level, the story of Moses -- like all of the Bible -- is about the Lord and his spiritual development during his human life as Jesus. Moses's role represents establishing forms of worship and to make the people obedient. As such, his primary representation is "the Law of God," the rules God gave the people of Israel to follow in order to represent spiritual things. This can be interpreted narrowly as the Ten Commandments, more broadly as the books of Moses, or most broadly as the entire Bible. Fittingly, his spiritual meaning is complex and important, and evolves throughout the course of his life. To understand it, it helps to understand the meaning of the events in which he was involved. At a more basic level, Moses's story deals with the establishment of the third church to serve as a container of knowledge of the Lord. The first such church -- the Most Ancient Church, represented by Adam and centered on love of the Lord -- had fallen prey to human pride and was destroyed. The second -- the Ancient Church, represented by Noah and the generations that followed him -- was centered on love of the neighbor, wisdom from the Lord and knowledge of the correspondences between natural and spiritual things. It fell prey to the pride of intelligence, however -- represented by the Tower of Babel -- and at the time of Moses was in scattered pockets that were sliding into idolatry. On an external level, of course, Moses led the people of Israel out of Egypt through 40 years in the wilderness to the border of the homeland God had promised them. Along the way, he established and codified their religious system, and oversaw the creation of its most holy objects. Those rules and the forms of worship they created were given as containers for deeper ideas about the Lord, deeper truth, and at some points -- especially when he was first leading his people away from Egypt, a time before the rules had been written down -- Moses takes on the deeper representation of Divine Truth itself, truth from the Lord. At other times -- especially after Mount Sinai -- he has a less exalted meaning, representing the people of Israel themselves due to his position as their leader. Through Moses the Lord established a third church, one more external than its predecessors but one that could preserve knowledge of the Lord and could, through worship that represented spiritual things, make it possible for the Bible to be written and passed to future generations.

Ze Swedenborgových děl

 

Arcana Coelestia # 9503

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9503. 'And you shall put into the ark the Testimony' means Divine Truth, which is the Lord in heaven. This is clear from the meaning of 'the ark' as heaven, dealt with above; and from the meaning of 'the Testimony' as Divine Truth, thus the Lord in heaven, dealt with below. The reason why Divine Truth is the Lord in heaven is that the Lord is Goodness itself and Truth itself, for both emanate from Him and He Himself composes what emanates from Him. So it is that the Lord is heaven, for Divine Truth which emanates from Him and is received by the angels makes heaven. Consequently the more perfect the manner in which angels receive Divine Truth that comes from the Lord and accordingly receive the Lord, the more perfect the human forms they possess. Eventually they become so perfect that their beauty surpasses belief; anyone who sees them, as I have done, will be dumbfounded. For in their outward form angels are manifestations of heavenly love and charity, and that is the truly human form. The reason why angels possess human forms is that the Divine in heaven is the Lord, and those who receive Divine Truth within good from Him are images of Him.

[2] As regards the meaning of 'the Testimony', a distinction is drawn in the Word between laws, statutes, judgements, commandments, testimonies, words, commands, truths, and covenants, as may be recognized from a number of places, especially in David's Psalms 119, where all these terms occur, testimonies doing so in verses 2, 14, 31, 46, 59, 88, 99, 111, 119, 125, 138, 144, 168. A like distinction occurs elsewhere in the same author,

The law of Jehovah is perfect, restoring the soul; the testimony of Jehovah is sure, making wise the simple; the commands of Jehovah are right, rejoicing the heart; the commandment of Jehovah is pure, enlightening the eyes; the judgements of Jehovah are truth, they are righteous altogether. Psalms 19:7-9.

The like occurs in Moses, at Deuteronomy 4:45; 6:17, 20; also in Jeremiah 44:23; and many times elsewhere. From all this it may be recognized that 'the Testimony' means Divine Truth, which testifies of the Lord, and so means the Word. For in the highest sense of the Word the only subject is the Lord, and this is why the internal sense testifies of Him, that is, contains teachings about Him and about the truths of faith and forms of the good of love which He is the source of. 'Testimony' is again used with this meaning in the Book of Revelation,

... those who had been killed on account of the Word of God and on account of the testimony which they had. Revelation 6:9.

And elsewhere,

They conquered the dragon by the blood of the Lamb, and by the word of their testimony. Revelation 12:11.

'The blood of the Lamb' is Divine Truth emanating from the Lord, 7846, 7877, 9127, 9393, while 'the word of their testimony' is Divine Truth received by man. 'Testimony' is used with the same meaning at Revelation 12:17; 19:10.

[3] The fact that Divine Truth emanating from the Lord is called 'the Testimony' because it testifies of the Lord is clear from the Lord's own words in John,

He who comes from heaven is above all. What He has seen and heard, that He testifies. He who receives His testimony has set his seal [to this], that God is truthful. John 3:31-33.

In the same gospel,

I am One who testifies of Myself; and He, the Father, who sent Me testifies of Me. John 8:18.

In the same gospel,

Search the Scriptures; and it is they that testify of Me. John 5:39.

And in the same gospel,

The Paraclete, the Spirit of truth, He will testify of Me. John 15:26-27.

From all this it is clear that Divine Truth is called the Testimony because it testifies of the Lord. This Divine Truth is the Word, for as stated above, the only subject in the highest sense of the Word is the Lord; this is what makes the Word Divine and therefore what makes it holy. Furthermore the Ten Words or the Law which were declared from Mount Sinai, inscribed on two tablets [of stone], and stored in the ark, is what is here called the Testimony. For that Law means the Word or Divine Truth emanating from the Lord, in its entirety, see 9416. It is evident from the Lord's own words to Pilate that He is the One from whom Divine Truth comes,

Pilate said, Are you a king? Jesus answered, You say [it, because] I am a King. For this I was born, and for this I have come into the world, that I may bear testimony to the truth. John 18:37.

'A king' in the internal sense means Divine Truth, see 1672, 2015, 2069, 3009, 3670, 4581, 4966, 5044, 5068, 6148. This was why the Lord said, 'I am a King' and, 'For this I was born, that I may bear testimony to the truth', that is, that He Himself is Divine Truth. From all this it is now evident that 'the Testimony' in the ark means Divine Truth and so the Lord in heaven.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.