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Levitski Zakonik 25

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1 Još reče Gospod Mojsiju na gori Sinajskoj govoreći:

2 Kaži sinovima Izrailjevim, i reci im: Kad dođete u zemlju koju vam ja dajem, neka praznuje zemlja subotu Gospodnju.

3 Šest godina zasevaj njivu svoju, i Šest godina reži vinograd svoj i sabiraj rod.

4 A sedma godina neka bude subota za odmor zemlji, subota Gospodnja; nemoj sejati u polju svom ni rezati vinograd svoj.

5 Šta samo od sebe rodi iza žetve tvoje nemoj žeti, i grožđa u vinogradu svom nerezanom nemoj brati; neka bude godina odmora zemlji.

6 Ali šta rodi zemlja za počivanja svog, ono neka vam bude hrana, tebi i sluzi tvom i sluškinji tvojoj i najamniku tvom i ukućaninu tvom koji je kod tebe.

7 I stoci tvojoj i svim životinjama što su u tvojoj zemlji, sav rod njen neka bude hrana.

8 I nabroj sedam sedmina godina, sedam puta po sedam godina, tako da ti sedam sedmina godina bude četrdeset i devet godina.

9 Tada zapovedi neka zatrubi truba deseti dan sedmog meseca, na dan očišćenja neka trubi truba po svoj zemlji vašoj.

10 I posvetite godinu pedesetu, i proglasite slobodu u zemlji svima koji žive u njoj; to neka vam je oprosna godina, i tada se vratite svaki na svoju baštinu, i svaki u rod svoj vratite se.

11 Oprosna godina da vam je ta pedeseta godina; nemojte sejati, niti žanjite šta samo rodi te godine, niti berite grožđa u vinogradima nerezanim.

12 Jer je oprosna godina; neka vam je sveta; sa svakog polja jedite rod njegov.

13 Te godine oprosne vratite se svaki na svoju baštinu.

14 I ako prodaš šta bližnjemu svom ili kupiš šta od bližnjeg svog, ne varajte jedan drugog.

15 Prema broju godina po oprosnoj godini kupuj od bližnjeg svog, i prema broju godina u koje ćeš brati rod neka ti prodaje.

16 Što više bude godina to će cena biti veća onome što kupuješ, a što manje bude godina to će manja biti cena, jer ti se prodaje broj letina.

17 Zato ne varajte jedan drugog, nego se bojte Boga svog; jer sam ja Gospod Bog vaš.

18 Držite uredbe moje i čuvajte zakone moje i vršite ih, pa ćete živeti u zemlji bez straha.

19 I zemlja će rađati rod svoj, i ješćete ga, i bićete siti, i živećete u njoj bez straha.

20 I ako biste rekli: Šta ćemo jesti sedme godine, eto nećemo sejati niti ćemo brati letinu?

21 Pustiću blagoslov svoj na vas šeste godine, te će roditi za tri godine.

22 I sejaćete osme godine, a ješćete letinu staru do devete godine, dokle ne prispe rod njen, ješćete stari.

23 Ali da se zemlja ne prodaje za svagda, jer je moja zemlja, a vi ste došljaci i ukućani kod mene.

24 Zato po svoj zemlji države vaše neka se otkupljuju zemlje.

25 Ako osiromaši brat tvoj i proda nešto od baštine svoje, a posle dođe ko od roda njegovog najbliži njemu da otkupi, neka otkupi šta brat njegov prodade.

26 Ako li ne bi imao nikoga da otkupi, nego bi se pomogao i zglavio koliko treba za otkup,

27 Onda neka odbije godine otkako je prodao, pa šta ostane neka isplati onom kome je prodao, i tako neka opet dođe do svoje baštine.

28 Ako li nema koliko bi trebalo vratiti, onda ostaje stvar prodana u onog koji je kupio do godine oprosne, a oprosne godine ostaviće se, i on će se vratiti na svoju baštinu.

29 Ko proda kuću u kojoj se sedi u mestu ograđenom zidom, vlastan je otkupiti je dokle se ne navrši godina dana od kako je proda; celu godinu dana ima vlast otkupiti je.

30 A ako ne otkupi za godinu dana, onda ostaje kuća u mestu ograđenom zidom onom koji je kupio sasvim od kolena na koleno, i neće je ostaviti oprosne godine.

31 A kuće po selima, koje nisu ograđene zidom, neka se uzimaju kao njive, mogu se otkupiti, i godine oprosne vraćaju se.

32 A mesta levitska i kuće u mestima njihovim, svagda mogu otkupiti Leviti.

33 Ali ko kupi od Levita, neka oprosne godine ostavi kupljenu kuću i šta je imao u mestu; jer kuće po mestima levitskim jesu njihove među sinovima Izrailjevim.

34 Ali polje pod mestima njihovim da se ne prodaje; jer je njihovo dostojanje doveka.

35 Ako osiromaši brat tvoj i iznemogne ruka njegova pored tebe, prihvati ga, i kao stranac i došljak neka poživi uz tebe.

36 Nemoj uzimati od njega kamate ni dobiti; nego se boj Boga, da bi poživeo brat tvoj uz tebe.

37 Novaca nemoj mu davati na kamatu, niti mu hrane svoje pozaimaj radi dobiti.

38 Ja sam Gospod Bog vaš, koji sam vas izveo iz zemlje misirske da vam dam zemlju hanansku i da vam budem Bog.

39 I ako osiromaši brat tvoj kod tebe tako da ti se proda, nemoj ga držati kao roba;

40 Kao najamnik i kao došljak neka bude kod tebe; do oprosne godine neka služi kod tebe.

41 A onda neka ide od tebe sa sinovima svojim, neka se vrati u rod svoj, i na baštinu otaca svojih neka se vrati.

42 Jer su moje sluge, koje sam izveo iz zemlje misirske, neka se ne prodaju kao robovi.

43 Nemoj gospodariti nad njim žestoko, nego se boj Boga svog.

44 A rob tvoj i robinja tvoja što ćeš imati neka budu od onih naroda koji će biti oko vas, od njih kupujte roba i robinju.

45 I između stranaca koji budu kod vas, između njih kupujte i iz porodica onih koji budu kod vas, koji se rode u zemlji vašoj, i ti neka vam budu imanje.

46 Oni će postati vaši i sinova vaših nakon vas, i biće vam dostojanje, da vam svaku službu vrše do veka; ali nad braćom svojom, sinovima Izrailjevim, niko nad bratom svojim da ne gospodari žestoko.

47 Ako li se obogati došljak ili gost koji živi s tobom, a brat tvoj osiromaši kod njega tako da se proda došljaku, koji živi s tobom, ili kome god od tuđeg roda,

48 Kad se proda, može se otkupiti; ko god od braće njegove neka ga otkupi;

49 Ili stric njegov, ili sin strica njegovog neka ga otkupi, ili ko drugi od krvi njegove u rodu njegovom neka ga otkupi; ili ako se pomogne, neka se sam otkupi.

50 Neka se proračuna s kupcem svojim od godine kad se prodao godine oprosne, da cena za koju se prodao dođe prema broju godina; kao nadničaru neka mu se računa vreme koje je odslužio.

51 Ako ostaje još mnogo godina, prema njima neka plati otkup od cene za koju je kupljen.

52 Ako li ostaje malo godina do oprosne godine, neka se proračuna s njim, i neka plati otkup prema tim godinama.

53 Kao najamnik godišnji neka bude u njega, i neka ne gospodari nad njim žestoko na tvoje oči.

54 Ako li se ovako ne otkupi, neka otide godine oprosne i on i sinovi njegovi s njim.

55 Jer su sinovi Izrailjevi moje sluge, moje su sluge, koje sam izveo iz zemlje misirske; ja sam Gospod Bog vaš.

   

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Arcana Coelestia # 9210

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9210. 'You shall not be like a money-lender' means that it must be done in a spirit of charity. This is clear from the meaning of 'a money-lender' as someone who does good for the sake of gain; for a money-lender entrusts money to another for the sake of interest and gives help to another for the sake of reward. And since real charity does not have gain or reward as the end in view, but the neighbour's good, 'you shall not be like a money-lender' means that the thing must be done in a spirit of charity. Anyone who does not know what Christian charity is may think that it consists not only in giving to the needy and poor but also in doing good to his fellow citizen, country, or Church for any reason whatever, that is, with no matter what end in view. But he should recognize that the end is what gives all of a person's deeds their true character. If the end or intention is to do good for the sake of reputation, in order to acquire important positions or else monetary gain, the good that he does is not good because it is done for the sake of self and thus also originates in self. But if the end is to do good for his fellow citizen's, country's, or Church's sake, thus for his neighbour's sake, the good he does is good since it is done for the sake of good itself, which in general is the real neighbour, 5025, 6706, 6711, 6712, 8123, and so is also done for the Lord's sake since such good does not have its origin in the person but in the Lord, and what originates in the Lord is the Lord's. This is the good that is meant by the Lord in Matthew,

Insofar as you did it to one of the least of these My brothers you did it to Me. Matthew 25:40.

[2] As it is with good, so it is also with truth. Those who do the truth for its own sake do it also for the Lord's sake since it comes from Him. Doing truth for its own sake is doing good; for truth becomes good when it passes from the understanding into the will, and from the will goes out into actions. Doing good in this manner is Christian charity. People who do good in the spirit of Christian charity may sometimes look for reputation earned as a result of doing it, so as to obtain an important position or else monetary gain. But their attitude is altogether different from that of anyone for whom these things are his end in view. For they regard what is good and right as the essential, one and only thing that matters, and accordingly rank it in highest position. As for monetary gain in comparison with this, or an important position, or reputation for the sake of them, they regard as non-essential, and accordingly rank it in lowest position. When the eyes of people such as these are fixed on what is right and good they are like soldiers fighting in battle for their country. During it they give no thought at all to their life, nor thus to their status or their assets in the world, which compared with what they are doing are of no importance to them. But those who rank self and the world at the top are the kind of people who do not even see what is right and good, because their eyes are fixed on themselves and on gain.

[3] All this shows what doing good for a selfish or a worldly reason is, what doing good for the Lord's or for the neighbour's sake is, and what is the difference between them. The difference is as great as that between two opposites, thus as great as that between heaven and hell. Furthermore those who do good for their neighbour's or for the Lord's sake are in heaven; but those who do it for a selfish or a worldly reason are in hell. For those who do good for their neighbour and the Lord's sake love the Lord above all things and their neighbour as themselves - commandments which are 'the first of all the commandments', Mark 12:28-31. But those who do everything for selfish and worldly reasons love themselves above all things, thus more than God; and they not only despise their neighbour but also hate him if he does not make common cause with them and align himself with them. This is the meaning of the Lord's teaching in Matthew,

No one can serve two lords, for either he will hate the one and love the other, or he will cling to the one and despise the other. You cannot serve God and mammon. Matthew 6:24.

There are people who do serve both; but they are called 'lukewarm, neither cold nor hot, who are spewed out', Revelation 3:15-16. All this now shows what money-lenders who took interest represented, namely those who do good for the sake of gain.

[4] It makes plain the origin of this prohibition, that they were not to be like a money-lender, charging a brother interest, as again declared elsewhere in Moses,

You shall not charge your brother interest on silver, interest on food, interest on anything on which it is charged. A foreigner you shall charge interest, but your brother you shall not charge interest; so that Jehovah your God may bless you in everything to which you set your hand 1 in the land which you are entering to possess it. Deuteronomy 23:19-20; Leviticus 25:36-38.

'Charging a brother interest on silver' means lending truths, that is, giving instruction in them, for the sake of gain, 'charging interest on food' hiring out forms of the good of truth for the sake of gain; for 'silver' means truth, 1551, 2954, 5658, 6914, 6917, and 'food' the good of truth, 5147, 5293, 5340, 5342, 5576, 5410, 5426, 5487, 5582, 5588, 5655, 5915, 8562. The reason why those who do not charge it are blessed by Jehovah in everything to which they set their hand in the land is that their affection is for goodness and truth, so that the happiness which angels in heaven possess is theirs; for that affection, or the good of that love, holds heaven within it for a person, 6478, 9174. The reason why foreigners could be charged interest was that those who do not acknowledge anything of goodness or truth and are unreceptive of them are meant by 'foreigners', 7996, that is, they are those who do good solely for the sake of gain. These must serve a person, for in comparison they are servants or slaves, 1097. In David,

He walks blameless and does righteousness, and speaks the truth in his heart. He does not lend his silver at interest, and does not take a bribe 2 against the innocent. He who does this will never be moved. Psalms 15:2, 5.

'Lending his silver at interest' means teaching for the sake solely of gain, thus doing good for the sake of reward. Something similar occurs in Ezekiel,

A righteous man who executes judgement and righteousness does not lend at interest and does not take increase. Ezekiel 18:5, 8.

In the same prophet,

He who withdraws his hand from the needy, does not take interest or increase, executes My judgements, [and] walks in My statutes will surely live. Ezekiel 18:17.

In the same prophet,

In you they have taken bribes 2 to shed blood; you have taken interest and increase, and seized gain of your companions by violence. Ezekiel 22:12.

These things are said about 'the city of blood', by which falsity destroying truth and good is meant, 9127. 'Taking interest and increase' means doing good for the sake of gain and reward, thus not in a spirit of charity. In true charity there is no thought of earning a reward, see 2371, 2373, 2400, 4007, 4174, 4943, 6388-6390, 6392, 6478.

Poznámky pod čarou:

1. literally, in every sending out of your hand

2. literally, a gift

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.