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Josué 8

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1 Então disse o Senhor a Josué: Não temas, e não te espantes; toma contigo toda a gente de guerra, levanta-te, e sobe a Ai. Olha que te entreguei na tua mão o rei de Ai, o seu povo, a sua cidade e a sua terra.

2 Farás pois a Ai e a seu rei, como fizeste a Jericó e a seu rei; salvo que para vós tomareis os seus despojos, e o seu gado. Põe emboscadas à cidade, por detrás dela.

3 Então Josué levantou-se, com toda a gente de guerra, para subir contra Ai; e escolheu Josué trinta mil homens valorosos, e enviou-os de noite.

4 E deu-lhes ordem, dizendo: Ponde-vos de emboscada contra a cidade, por detrás dela; não vos distancieis muito da cidade, mas estai todos vós apercebidos.

5 Mas eu e todo o povo que está comigo nos aproximaremos da cidade; e quando eles nos saírem ao encontro, como dantes, fugiremos diante deles.

6 E eles sairão atrás de nós, até que os tenhamos afastado da cidade, pois dirão: Fogem diante de nós como dantes. Assim fugiremos diante deles;

7 e vós saireis da emboscada, e tomareis a cidade, porque o Senhor vosso Deus vo-la entregará nas maos.

8 Logo que tiverdes tomado a cidade, pôr-lhe-eis fogo, fazendo conforme a palavra do Senhor; olhai que vo-lo tenho mandado.

9 Assim Josué os enviou, e eles se foram à emboscada, colocando-se entre Betel e Ai, ao ocidente de Ai; porém Josué passou aquela noite no meio do povo.

10 Levantando-se Josué de madrugada, passou o povo em revista; então subiu, com os anciãos de Israel, adiante do povo contra Ai.

11 Todos os homens armados que estavam com ele subiram e, aproximando-se pela frente da cidade, acamparam-se ao norte de Ai, havendo um vale entre eles e Ai.

12 Tomou também cerca de cinco mil homens, e pô-los de emboscada entre Betel e Ai, ao ocidente da cidade.

13 Assim dispuseram o povo, todo o arraial ao norte da cidade, e a sua emboscada ao ocidente da cidade. Marchou Josué aquela noite até o meio do vale.

14 Quando o rei de Ai viu isto, ele e todo o seu povo se apressaram, levantando-se de madrugada, e os homens da cidade saíram ao encontro de Israel ao combate, ao lugar determinado, defronte da planície; mas ele não sabia que se achava uma emboscada contra ele atrás da cidade.

15 Josué, pois, e todo o Israel fingiram-se feridos diante deles, e furiram pelo caminho do deserto:

16 Portanto, todo o povo que estava na cidade foi convocado para os perseguir; e seguindo eles após Josué, afastaram-se da cidade.

17 Nem um só homem ficou em Ai, nem em Betel, que não saísse após Israel; assim deixaram a cidade aberta, e seguiram a Israel:

18 Então o Senhor disse a Josué: Estende para Ai a lança que tens na mão; porque eu ta entregarei. E Josué estendeu para a cidade a lança que estava na sua mão.

19 E, tendo ele estendido a mão, os que estavam de emboscada se levantaram apressadamente do seu lugar e, correndo, entraram na cidade, e a tomaram; e, apressando-se, puseram fogo à cidade.

20 Nisso, olhando os homens de Ai para trás, viram a fumaça da cidade, que subia ao céu, e não puderam fugir nem para uma parte nem para outra, porque o povo que fugia para o deserto se tornou contra eles.

21 E vendo Josué e todo o Israel que a emboscada tomara a cidade, e que a fumaça da cidade subia, voltaram e feriram os homens de Ai.

22 Também aqueles que estavam na cidade lhes saíram ao encontro, e assim os de Ai ficaram no meio dos israelitas, estando estes de uma e de outra parte; e feriram-nos, de sorte que não deixaram ficar nem escapar nenhum deles.

23 Mas ao rei de Ai tomaram vivo, e o trouxeram a Josué.

24 Quando os israelitas acabaram de matar todos os moradores de Ai no campo, no deserto para onde os tinham seguido, e havendo todos caído ao fio da espada até serem consumidos, então todo o Israel voltou para Ai e a feriu a fio de espada.

25 Ora, todos os que caíram naquele dia, assim homens como mulheres, foram doze mil, isto é, todos os de Ai.

26 Pois Josué não retirou a mão, que estendera com a lança, até destruir totalmente a todos os moradores de Ai.

27 Tão-somente os israelitas tomaram para si o gado e os despojos da cidade, conforme a palavra que o Senhor ordenara a Josue:

28 Queimou pois Josué a Ai, e a tornou num perpétuo montão de ruínas, como o é até o dia de hoje.

29 Ao rei de Ai enforcou num madeiro, deixando-o ali até a tarde. Ao pôr do sol, por ordem de Josué, tiraram do madeiro o cadáver, lançaram-no à porta da cidade e levantaram sobre ele um grande montão de pedras, que permanece até o dia de hoje.

30 Então Josué edificou um altar ao Senhor Deus de Israel, no monte Ebal,

31 como Moisés, servo do Senhor, ordenara aos filhos de Israel, conforme o que está escrito no livro da lei de Moisés, a saber: um altar de pedras brutas, sobre as quais não se levantara ferramenta; e ofereceram sobre ele holocaustos ao Senhor, e sacrificaram ofertas parcíficas.

32 Também ali, na presença dos filhos de Israel, escreveu em pedras uma cópia da lei de Moisés, a qual este escrevera.

33 E todo o Israel, tanto o estrangeiro como o natural, com os seus anciãos, oficiais e juízes, estava de um e de outro lado da arca, perante os levitas sacerdotes que levavam a arca do pacto do Senhor; metade deles em frente do monte Gerizim, e a outra metade em frente do monte Ebal, como Moisés, servo do Senhor, dantes ordenara, para que abençoassem o povo de Israel.

34 Depois leu em alta voz todas as palavras da lei, a bênção e a maldição, conforme tudo o que está escrito no livro da lei.

35 Palavra nenhuma houve, de tudo o que Moisés ordenara, que Josué não lesse perante toda a congregação de Israel, e as mulheres, e os pequeninos, e os estrangeiros que andavam no meio deles.

   

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Exploring the Meaning of Joshua 8

Napsal(a) New Christian Bible Study Staff, Julian Duckworth

Joshua 8: The fall of Ai and the renewal of the covenant.

The events of this chapter - and their spiritual meaning for us - follow on from the previous chapter. After their first setback at Ai, the Children of Israel take the city of Ai by using a clever ruse. Joshua chose thirty thousand men for the battle. The plan was for five thousand of them to hide near the city, while he led the main army to attack the city. Then, Joshua and his forces would pretend to run away, pursued by the men of Ai. Those who had hidden were then to come out, go into the city, and set it on fire. The men of Ai would see this and run back, get ambushed, and be caught between Joshua’s two armies.

It all happened as planned, and Israel took Ai. (See Arcana Caelestia 1557). As with Jericho, everything in Ai was commanded to be destroyed, except that in this case the livestock and the city’s spoils were to be kept. The whole city was burned and its king was hanged on a tree until sunset and then his body was thrown down at the city entrance with a great heap of stones put over it.

The basic spiritual meaning of any battle in the Bible such as this, is to show how a heavenly principle can and will overcome a hellish or evil attack, especially for us, during some temptation - when we seek to resist and fight back.

Evil is only strong in illusion and fear-mongering; when the light of what is true shines on evil it gets shown for what it is. (Heaven and Hell 49)

The city’s name “Ai” means “a heap”. The word gets used several times in the text of the chapter. A heap implies rubble and rubbish. Cities sometimes look noble and well-planned; in Ai’s case it was the very opposite - a heap, a ruin. (Heaven and Hell 586[2])

While Jericho generally represents our wrong thinking, which first stands in the way of our regeneration and spiritual will, Ai represents our evil emotions and our selfish passions. Both of them must fall before we can make further progress.

Joshua chooses a large number to go against a relatively few in Ai, who nevertheless all rush out to fight Israel. “There was not a man left in Ai or Bethel who did not go out after Israel. Thus they left the city open.” (Joshua 8:17)

Joshua’s tactic of drawing out the men of Ai means our challenge to evil - by confronting it with the truths and commandments we know and obey. Joshua’s pretence of fleeing away draws Ai out in glee, interpreting the flight as a real retreat. Then everything turns, and Joshua’s men go forward representing the power of the truth, the Word and our persuasion of their effectiveness in winning. (Arcana Caelestia 6344[4])

Ai’s men see their city on fire, for other Israelites entered Ai and set it ablaze. This represents the self-condemnation of evil, of hell, when it is exposed to what is true, heavenly and of God. But Joshua’s men, lying in ambush and waiting for the moment, represent our keen observation of how our selfish desires work to cause havoc in us. They are 5,000. Symbolically, in the Bible, five or its multiples always stand for a small amount - but enough to use.

Hanging the king of Ai stands for our need to put down the controlling power of any evil which stirs us. And all Ai is destroyed, because all evil must be turned against and refused.

Then, and only then, Joshua remakes the covenant with the Lord God; he builds an altar, he writes a copy on stones of the Law of Moses in the presence of all Israel, the priests stand in two groups in front of two mountains, then Joshua reads the words of blessing and cursing and all the Law of Moses.

After we resist any evil and its temptation, we must re-hear and re-affirm the truth that this was the Lord’s victory, not ours, and re-dedicate ourselves to the life the Lord gives us. (True Christian Religion 13[2])

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Joshua 7

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1 But the children of Israel committed a trespass in the accursed thing: for Achan, the son of Carmi, the son of Zabdi, the son of Zerah, of the tribe of Judah, took of the accursed thing: and the anger of the LORD was kindled against the children of Israel.

2 And Joshua sent men from Jericho to Ai, which is beside Beth-aven, on the east side of Bethel, and spake unto them, saying, Go up and view the country. And the men went up and viewed Ai.

3 And they returned to Joshua, and said unto him, Let not all the people go up; but let about two or three thousand men go up and smite Ai; and make not all the people to labour thither; for they are but few.

4 So there went up thither of the people about three thousand men: and they fled before the men of Ai.

5 And the men of Ai smote of them about thirty and six men: for they chased them from before the gate even unto Shebarim, and smote them in the going down: wherefore the hearts of the people melted, and became as water.

6 And Joshua rent his clothes, and fell to the earth upon his face before the ark of the LORD until the eventide, he and the elders of Israel, and put dust upon their heads.

7 And Joshua said, Alas, O Lord GOD, wherefore hast thou at all brought this people over Jordan, to deliver us into the hand of the Amorites, to destroy us? would to God we had been content, and dwelt on the other side Jordan!

8 O Lord, what shall I say, when Israel turneth their backs before their enemies!

9 For the Canaanites and all the inhabitants of the land shall hear of it, and shall environ us round, and cut off our name from the earth: and what wilt thou do unto thy great name?

10 And the LORD said unto Joshua, Get thee up; wherefore liest thou thus upon thy face?

11 Israel hath sinned, and they have also transgressed my covenant which I commanded them: for they have even taken of the accursed thing, and have also stolen, and dissembled also, and they have put it even among their own stuff.

12 Therefore the children of Israel could not stand before their enemies, but turned their backs before their enemies, because they were accursed: neither will I be with you any more, except ye destroy the accursed from among you.

13 Up, sanctify the people, and say, sanctify yourselves against to morrow: for thus saith the LORD God of Israel, There is an accursed thing in the midst of thee, O Israel: thou canst not stand before thine enemies, until ye take away the accursed thing from among you.

14 In the morning therefore ye shall be brought according to your tribes: and it shall be, that the tribe which the LORD taketh shall come according to the families thereof; and the family which the LORD shall take shall come by households; and the household which the LORD shall take shall come man by man.

15 And it shall be, that he that is taken with the accursed thing shall be burnt with fire, he and all that he hath: because he hath transgressed the covenant of the LORD, and because he hath wrought folly in Israel.

16 So Joshua rose up early in the morning, and brought Israel by their tribes; and the tribe of Judah was taken:

17 And he brought the family of Judah; and he took the family of the Zarhites: and he brought the family of the Zarhites man by man; and Zabdi was taken:

18 And he brought his household man by man; and Achan, the son of Carmi, the son of Zabdi, the son of Zerah, of the tribe of Judah, was taken.

19 And Joshua said unto Achan, My son, give, I pray thee, glory to the LORD God of Israel, and make confession unto him; and tell me now what thou hast done; hide it not from me.

20 And Achan answered Joshua, and said, Indeed I have sinned against the LORD God of Israel, and thus and thus have I done:

21 When I saw among the spoils a goodly Babylonish garment, and two hundred shekels of silver, and a wedge of gold of fifty shekels weight, then I coveted them, and took them; and, behold, they are hid in the earth in the midst of my tent, and the silver under it.

22 So Joshua sent messengers, and they ran unto the tent; and, behold, it was hid in his tent, and the silver under it.

23 And they took them out of the midst of the tent, and brought them unto Joshua, and unto all the children of Israel, and laid them out before the LORD.

24 And Joshua, and all Israel with him, took Achan the son of Zerah, and the silver, and the garment, and the wedge of gold, and his sons, and his daughters, and his oxen, and his asses, and his sheep, and his tent, and all that he had: and they brought them unto the valley of Achor.

25 And Joshua said, Why hast thou troubled us? the LORD shall trouble thee this day. And all Israel stoned him with stones, and burned them with fire, after they had stoned them with stones.

26 And they raised over him a great heap of stones unto this day. So the LORD turned from the fierceness of his anger. Wherefore the name of that place was called, The valley of Achor, unto this day.