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Ezequiel 20

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1 Ora aconteceu, no sétimo ano, no mês quinto, aos dez do mês, que vieram alguns dos anciãos de Israel, para consultarem o Senhor; e assentaram-se diante de mim.

2 Então veio a mim a palavra do Senhor, dizendo:

3 Filho do homem, fala aos anciãos de Israel, e dize-lhes: Assim diz o Senhor Deus: Vós vindes consultar-me, Vivo eu, que não me deixarei ser consultado de vós, diz o Senhor Deus.

4 Acaso os julgarás, faze-lhes saber as abominações de seus pais; e dize-lhes: Assim diz o Senhor Deus: No dia em que escolhi a Israel, levantei a minha mão para a descendência da casa de Jacó, e me deu a conhecer a eles na terra do Egito, quando levantei a minha mão para eles, dizendo: Eu sou o Senhor vosso Deus.

6 Naquele dia levantei a minha mão para eles, jurando que os tiraria da terra do Egito para uma terra que lhes tinha espiado, que mana leite e mel, a qual é a glória de todas as terras.

7 Então lhes disse: Lançai de vós, cada um, as coisas abomináveis que encantam os seus olhos, e não vos contamineis com os ídolos do Egito; eu sou o Senhor vosso Deus.

8 Mas rebelaram-se contra mim, e não me quiseram ouvir; não lançaram de si, cada um, as coisas abomináveis que encantavam os seus olhos, nem deixaram os ídolos de Egito; então eu disse que derramaria sobre eles o meu furor, para cumprir a minha ira contra eles no meio da terra do Egito.

9 O que fiz, porém, foi por amor do meu nome, para que não fosse profanado à vista das nações, no meio das quais eles estavam, a cujos olhos eu me dei a conhecer a eles, tirando-os da terra do Egito.

10 Assim os tirei da terra do Egito, e os levei ao deserto.

11 E dei-lhes os meus estatutos, e lhes mostrei as minhas ordenanças, pelas quais o homem viverá, se as cumprir.

12 Demais lhes dei também os meus sábados, para servirem de sinal entre mim e eles; a fim de que soubessem que eu sou o Senhor que os santifica.

13 Mas a casa de Israel se rebelou contra mim no deserto, não andando nos meus estatutos, e rejeitando as minhas ordenanças, pelas quais o homem viverá, se as cumprir; e profanaram grandemente os meus sábados; então eu disse que derramaria sobre eles o meu furor no deserto, para os consumir.

14 O que fiz, porém, foi por amor do meu nome, para que não fosse profanado à vista das nações perante as quais os fiz sair.

15 E, contudo, eu levantei a minha mão para eles no deserto, jurando que não os introduziria na terra que lhes tinha dado, que mana leite e mel, a qual é a glória de todas as terras;

16 porque rejeitaram as minhas ordenanças, e não andaram nos meus estatutos, e profanaram os meus sábados; pois o seu coração andava após os seus ídolos.

17 Não obstante os meus olhos os pouparam e não os destruí nem os consumi de todo no deserto.

18 Mas disse eu a seus filhos no deserto: Não andeis nos estatutos de vossos pais, nem guardeis as suas ordenanças, nem vos contamineis com os seus ídolos.

19 Eu sou o Senhor vosso Deus; andai nos meus estatutos, e guardai as minhas ordenanças, e executai-os

20 E santificai os meus sábados; e eles servirão de sinal entre mim e vós para que saibais que eu sou o Senhor vosso Deus.

21 Mas também os filhos se rebelaram contra mim; não andaram nos meus estatutos nem guardaram as minhas ordenanças para as praticarem, pelas quais o homem viverá, se as cumprir; profanaram eles os meus sábados; por isso eu disse que derramaria sobre eles o meu furor, para cumprir contra eles a minha ira no deserto.

22 Todavia retive a minha mão, e procedi por amor do meu nome, para que não fosse profanado à vista das nações, a cujos olhos os fiz sair.

23 Também levantei a minha mão para eles no deserto, jurando que os espalharia entre as nações, e os dispersaria entre os países;

24 porque não haviam executado as minhas ordenanças, mas rejeitaram os meus estatutos, e profanaram os meus sábados, e os seus olhos se iam após os ídolos de seus pais.

25 Também lhes dei estatutos que não eram bons, e ordenanças pelas quais não poderiam viver;

26 e os deixei contaminar-se em seus próprios dons, nos quais faziam passar pelo fogo todos os que abrem a madre, para os assolar, a fim de que soubessem que eu sou o Senhor.

27 Portanto fala à casa de Israel, ó filho do homem, e dize-lhe: Assim diz o Senhor Deus: Ainda nisto me blasfemaram vossos pais, que procederam traiçõeiramente para comigo;

28 pois quando eu os havia introduzido na terra a respeito da qual eu levantara a minha mão, jurando que lha daria, então olharam para todo outeiro alto, e para toda árvore frondosa, e ofereceram ali os seus sacrifícios, e apresentaram ali a provocação das suas ofertas; puseram ali os seus cheiros suaves, e ali derramaram as suas libações.

29 E eu lhes disse: Que significa o alto a que vós ides? Assim o seu nome ficou sendo Bamá, até o dia de hoje.

30 Portanto dize à casa de Israel: Assim diz o Senhor Deus: Acaso vós vos contaminais a vós mesmos, à maneira de vossos pais? e vos prostituís com as suas abominações?

31 E, ao oferecerdes os vossos dons, quando fazeis passar os vossos filhos pelo fogo, vós vos contaminais com todos os vossos ídolos, até hoje. E eu hei de ser consultado por vós, ó casa de Israel? Vivo eu, diz o Senhor Deus, que não serei consultado de vós.

32 E o que veio ao vosso espírito de maneira alguma sucederá, quando dizeis: Sejamos como as nações, como as tribos dos países, servindo ao madeiro e à pedra.

33 Vivo eu, diz o Senhor Deus, certamente com mão forte, e com braço estendido, e com indignação derramada, hei de reinar sobre vós.

34 E vos tirarei dentre os povos, e vos congregarei dos países nos quais fostes espalhados, com mão forte, e com braço estendido, e com indignação derramada;

35 e vos levarei ao deserto dos povos; e ali face a face entrarei em juízo convosco;

36 como entrei em juízo com vossos pais, no deserto da terra do Egito, assim entrarei em juízo convosco, diz o Senhor Deus.

37 Também vos farei passar debaixo da vara, e vos farei entrar no vínculo do pacto;

38 e separarei dentre vós os rebeldes, e os que transgridem contra mim; da terra das suas peregrinações os tirarei, mas à terra de Israel não voltarão; e sabereis que eu sou o Senhor.

39 Quanto a vós, ó casa de Israel, assim diz o Senhor Deus: Ide, sirva cada um os seus ídolos; contudo mais tarde me ouvireis e não profanareis mais o meu santo nome com as vossas dádivas e com os vossos ídolos.

40 Pois no meu santo monte, no monte alto de Israel, diz o Senhor Deus, ali me servirá toda a casa de Israel, toda ela, na terra; ali vos aceitarei, e ali requererei as vossas ofertas, e as primicias das vossas oblações, com todas as vossas coisas santas.

41 Como cheiro suave vos aceitarei, quando eu vos tirar dentre os povos e vos congregar dos países em que fostes espalhados; e serei santificado em vós à vista das nações.

42 E sabereis que eu sou o Senhor, quando eu vos introduzir na terra de Israel, no país a respeito do qual levantei a minha mão, jurando que o daria a vossos pais.

43 Ali vos lembrareis de vossos caminhos, e de todos os vossos atos com que vos tendes contaminado; e tereis nojo de vós mesmos, por causa de todas as vossas maldades que tendes cometido.

44 E sabereis que eu sou o Senhor, quando eu proceder para convosco por amor do meu nome, não conforme os vossos maus caminhos, nem conforme os vossos atos corruptos, ó casa de Israel, diz o Senhor Deus.

45 E veio a mim a palavra do Senhor, dizendo:

46 Filho do homem, dirige o teu rosto para o caminho do sul, e derrama as tuas palavras contra o sul, e profetiza contra o bosque do campo do sul.

47 E dize ao bosque do sul: Ouve a palavra do Senhor: Assim diz o Senhor Deus: Eis que acenderei em ti um fogo que em ti consumirá toda árvore verde e toda árvore seca; não se apagará a chama flamejante, antes com ela se queimarão todos os rostos, desde o sul até o norte.

48 E verá toda a carne que eu, o Senhor, o acendi; não se apagará.

49 Então disse eu: Ah Senhor Deus! eles dizem de mim: Não é este um fazedor de alegorias?

   

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Apocalypse Explained # 526

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526. And the third part of them was darkened, signifies that all these were changed into the falsities of evil and into the evils of falsity. This is evident from the signification of "darkness," as being falsities, and thus "to be darkened" means to be changed into falsities. It means a change both into the falsities of evil and into the evils of falsity, because it is said that "the third part of the sun was darkened, the third part of the moon, and the third part of the stars," and the "sun" signifies the good of love, the "moon" the good and truth of faith, and the "stars" the knowledges of good and truth; therefore "the third part of the sun was darkened" signifies that the good of love was changed into evil and into falsity from evil, which is the falsity of evil; for good is changed into evil and into falsity therefrom, but the truth of faith, which is signified by the "moon," is changed into falsity and into evil therefrom, which is the evil of falsity. The evil of falsity is the falsity of doctrine out of which comes evil of life, and the falsity of evil is the evil of life out of which comes the falsity of doctrine.

[2] Darkness signifies falsity because light signifies truth, and falsity is the opposite of truth as darkness is of light; moreover, when the light of life, which is the Divine truth, is not with man, the shadow of death is with him, which is falsity; for man from what is his own (proprium) is in every evil and in falsity from the evil, and he is removed from these only by means of the truths of the church; consequently where there are no truths there are the falsities of evil. (That it is only by means of truths that man is removed from evils, is purified, and is reformed, see in The Doctrine of the New Jerusalem 24.)

[3] That "darkness" signifies in the Word falsities of various kinds can be seen from the following passages. In Joel:

The sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, before the great and terrible day of Jehovah cometh (Joel 2:31).

"The sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood," has a similar signification as "the third part of the sun and the third part of the moon were darkened," namely, that at the end of the church there will be the falsity of evil in the place of the good of love, and evil of falsity in the place of truth of faith.

[4] Elsewhere in the Word where the darkening of the sun and moon is spoken of there is a like meaning, as in Isaiah:

For the stars of the heavens and the constellations thereof shall not make their light to shine; the sun shall be darkened in its rising, and the moon shall not make bright her light (Isaiah 13:10; 24:21, 23).

In Ezekiel:

When I shall extinguish thee I will cover the heavens and make the stars thereof dark; I will cover the sun with a cloud, and the moon shall not make her light to shine; all luminaries of light in the heavens will I make dark over thee, and I will set darkness upon thy land (Ezekiel 32:7, 8).

In Joel:

The day of Jehovah is near in the valley of decision; the sun and the moon have been darkened, and the stars have withdrawn their brightness (Joel 3:14, 15).

In the same:

The day of Jehovah cometh, a day of darkness and of thick darkness, a day of cloud and obscurity. Before Him the earth trembled, the sun and the moon were darkened, and the stars withdrew their brightness (Joel 2:1-2, 10).

In the Gospels:

Immediately after the affliction of those days the sun shall be darkened, and the moon shall not give her light, and the stars shall fall from heaven (Matthew 24:29; Mark 13:24, 25).

This is said of the last time of the church, when there is no longer any spiritual good or truth, or the good and truth of heaven and the church, but evil and falsity. That the goods and truths of the church, which are called the goods of love and the truths of faith are changed into evils and falsities, is signified by "the sun and moon shall be obscured and darkened, and the stars shall not give their light;" the Last Judgment that then follows is meant by "the day of Jehovah great and terrible;" and as this comes when the church is in darkness and in thick darkness, that day is also called "a day of darkness and thick darkness," and also "a day of cloud and obscurity," as also in the following passages.

[5] In Amos:

Woe unto you that desire the day of Jehovah. What to you is the day of Jehovah? It is darkness, and not light. Shall not the day of Jehovah be darkness, and not light? Even thick darkness, and no brightness to it? (Amos 5:18, 20).

In Zephaniah:

The day of Jehovah, a day of wasteness and devastation, a day of darkness and thick darkness, a day of clouds and of gloominess (Zephaniah 1:14, 15).

In Isaiah:

In that day he shall look upon the land, which behold is darkness and distress, and the light shall grow dark in its ruins (Isaiah 5:30).

In the same:

He shall look unto the earth, and behold distress and darkness dimmed with straitness and driven with thick darkness (Isaiah 8:22).

In the same:

Behold, darkness covereth the earth, and thick darkness the peoples (Isaiah 60:2).

In Jeremiah:

Give glory to Jehovah your God before He causeth darkness, and before your feet stumble upon the mountains of twilight; then shall ye look for light, but He will turn it into the shadow of death, He will make it thick darkness (Jeremiah 13:16).

This is said of the last time of the church, when the Lord is to come into the world, and judgment is to be accomplished; because there will then be no longer any good of love or truth of faith, but the evil of falsity and the falsity of evil, that day is called "a day of darkness and of thick darkness."

[6] The same is signified by:

The darkness that came over all the land from the sixth hour to the ninth hour when the Lord was crucified (Matthew 27:45; Mark 15:33; Luke 23:44-49).

"The darkness over all the land" represented that in the whole church there was nothing but evil and falsity therefrom, and falsity and evil therefrom; moreover, the three hours signify what is full and complete; for each and all things related in the Gospels respecting the Lord's passion have stored up in them arcana of heaven, and signify Divine celestial things, which can be laid open only by means of the internal spiritual sense.

[7] That "darkness" signifies falsity is further evident from the following passages. In Isaiah:

Woe unto them that call evil good and good evil, that put darkness for light and light for darkness (Isaiah 5:20).

"To put darkness for light and light for darkness" signifies to call falsity truth and truth falsity; it is clear that "darkness" means falsity and "light" truth, for good and evil are first spoken of, therefore what follows must be respecting truth and falsity.

[8] In John:

This is the judgment, that the Light hath come into the world, and men have loved the darkness rather than the light, because their works were evil (John 3:19).

The Lord here calls Himself the Light because He was the Divine truth itself when in the world; therefore "the Light" signifies the Lord in relation to Divine truth, also Divine truth from the Lord; and as darkness is opposed to light, "the darkness that men loved rather than the light" signifies infernal falsity, which is the falsity of evil. That the falsity of evil is here signified by "darkness" is evident from its being said, "because their works were evil." The falsity of evil springs from evil works, or the evils of life; for as good joins to itself truth, so evil joins to itself falsity; for the one belongs to the other.

[9] "Light" and "darkness" have a similar signification in the following passages in John:

In Him was life, and the life was the Light of men. And the light appeareth in the darkness; and the darkness comprehended it not (John 1:4, 5).

In the same:

Jesus said, I am the Light of the world; he that followeth Me shall not walk in darkness but shall have the light of life (John 8:12).

In the same:

Jesus said, Walk while ye have the Light, that darkness overtake you not; for he that walketh in darkness knoweth not whither he goeth. I have come a Light into the world, that whosoever believeth on Me may not abide in darkness (John 12:35, 46).

In these passages "darkness" signifies infernal falsity; for the "light" to which darkness is opposed, signifies Divine truth. "Light" signifies Divine truth because light in the heavens is in its essence Divine truth proceeding from the Lord (See in the work on Heaven and Hell 116-140). Now as Divine truth is the light in the heavens, it follows that the falsity of evil, which is the falsity in the hells, is darkness. This darkness is not indeed darkness to those who are in the hells, for they see one another; but the light by which they see is like the lumen from burning coal, and this lumen, when the light of heaven flows into it, becomes mere darkness. For this reason also the caverns and dens in which they are appear to those in heaven like gloomy caves.

[10] From this it can be seen why "darkness" signifies the falsities of evil, and why the Lord says:

That those who are in hell are to be cast into outer darkness (Matthew 8:12; 22:13; 25:30).

In David:

The enemy pursueth my soul; he hath crushed my life down to the earth; he hath made me to sit in darkness, like the dead of the world (Psalms 143:3).

"The enemy who pursueth his soul" signifies in the spiritual sense evil; consequently "to make me to sit in darkness" signifies falsities.

[11] In Isaiah:

Judgment is far from us, and righteousness doth not overtake us; we wait for light, but behold darkness; for brightness, but we walk in thick darkness (Isaiah 59:9).

"Judgment is far from us" signifies that there is no understanding of truth; "righteousness doth not overtake us" signifies that there is no good of life; "we wait for light, but behold darkness," signifies waiting for truth, but behold falsity; "for brightness, but we walk in thick darkness," signifies waiting for goods through truths, but behold a life of falsity from evils; for "brightness" signifies the goods of truth, because "light" signifies truth, and truth is bright from good; "thick darkness" signifies the falsities of evil, and "to walk" signifies to live.

[12] In Luke:

But this is your hour and the power of darkness (Luke 22:53).

The Lord said this to the chief priests, the captains of the temple, and the elders, who seized Him by the aid of Judas. The power to do this wickedness the Lord calls "the power of darkness," because they were in the falsities of evil, in falsities respecting the Lord and in evils against Him; here also "darkness" means hell, because such falsities of evil are there.

[13] In the same:

The lamp of the body is the eye; when therefore thine eye is pure thy whole body also shall be light; but when the eye is evil thy body also shall be dark. Take heed, therefore, that the light that is in thee be not darkness. If thy whole body therefore be light, having no part dark, the whole shall be light, as when a lamp by its flashing doth give thee light (Luke 11:34-36; Matthew 6:22, 23).

The "eye" here signifies the understanding, and the "pure (or single) eye" the understanding of truth from good; but the "evil eye" signifies the understanding of falsity from evil; the "body" that is either light or dark, means the whole man. From this the signification of these words in series can be concluded, namely, that the whole man is such as is his understanding from the will; for every man is his truth and his good, because he is his love or affection; therefore he is throughout wholly such as he is in respect to his understanding from his will; for all truth is of the understanding, and all good is of the will; for the body is a mere obedience, since it is the effect of an effecting cause, and the effecting cause is the understanding from the will; therefore such as is the quality of the one such is that of the other, for the effect has its all from its effecting cause. That heed must be taken that truth once perceived in the understanding and received into the will be not turned into falsity, which is done from evil, is meant by "take heed, therefore, that the light that is in thee be not darkness," for from this falsities become worse; therefore in Matthew, in the passages just referred to, it is said:

If, therefore, the light that is in thee be darkness, how great is the darkness! (Matthew 6:23).

[14] "Darkness" signifies the falsities of evil also in Isaiah:

Sit thou silent and enter into darkness, O daughter of the Chaldeans; for they shall no longer call thee the mistress of kingdoms (Isaiah 47:5).

"The daughter of the Chaldeans" signifies the falsification of truth, therefore "darkness" signifies the falsities of evil, since evil falsifies truth:

The thick darkness of darkness that was over all the land of Egypt for three days, while in the dwellings of the sons of Israel there was light (Exodus 10:21-23);

signifies also the falsity of evil. Likewise the "darkness" in Genesis (Genesis 15:17), and in many other passages.

[15] It has been shown thus far that "darkness" signifies in the Word the falsities of evil. "Darkness" signifies also falsities not of evil, such as were the falsities of religion among the upright Gentiles, which falsities were with them because of their ignorance of the truth; that these falsities were also called "darkness" is evident from the following passages:

This people walking in darkness have seen a great light; those dwelling in the land of the shadow of death, upon them hath the light become bright (Isaiah 9:2).

In Matthew:

A people sitting in darkness saw a great light; and to those sitting in the region and shadow of death a light hath arisen (Matthew 4:16).

In Luke:

The dayspring from on high appeared to them that sit in darkness and in the shadow of death (Luke 1:78, 79).

In Isaiah:

If thou shalt draw out thy soul to the hungry, and satisfy the afflicted soul, thy light shall arise in the darkness, and thy thick darkness be as the noonday (Isaiah 58:10).

In the same:

He shall say to the bound, Go forth; to them that are in darkness, Be revealed (Isaiah 49:9).

In the same:

In that day shall the deaf hear the words of the book, and the eyes of the blind shall see out of thick darkness and in 1 darkness (Isaiah 29:18).

In the same:

And I will lead the blind in a way that they have not known. I will make darkness into light before them, and crooked things into straightness (Isaiah 42:16).

In Micah:

When I sit in darkness Jehovah shall be a Light unto me (Micah 7:8).

In these passages "darkness" signifies the falsities of ignorance, such as existed, and as exist at this day among the upright Gentiles. These falsities are altogether distinct from the falsities of evil, which have evil stored up in them because they are from evil, while the former have good stored up in them because they have good as an end. Those, therefore, who are in these falsities can be instructed in truths, and they also when instructed receive truths in the heart, for the reason that good, which is in their falsities, loves truth, and also conjoins itself to truth when it is heard. It is otherwise with the falsities of evil; these are averse to all truth and cast it off because it is truth, and thus is not in agreement with evil.

[16] Again, "darkness" signifies in the Word mere ignorance from lack of truth (as in David, Psalms 18:29; 139:11, 12). "Darkness" signifies also natural lumen, for this in comparison with spiritual light is like darkness; therefore also when angels look down into man's natural lumen, such as is in man's natural cognition, they regard it as darkness, and the things that are in it as in darkness; this light is signified by "darkness" in Genesis 1:2-5. And as the sense of the letter of the Word is natural, that sense also is called in the Word "a cloud," and also "darkness," in comparison with the internal spiritual sense, which is the light of heaven, and is called "glory."

Poznámky pod čarou:

1. Latin "in," Hebrew "out of," which we also find in n. 152, 239; Arcana Coelestia 212, 897, 2393.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Foundation for their permission to use this translation.