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Êxodo 10

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1 Depois disse o Senhor a Moisés: vai a Faraó; porque tenho endurecido o seu coração, e o coração de seus servos, para manifestar estes meus sinais no meio deles,

2 e para que contes aos teus filhos, e aos filhos de teus filhos, as coisas que fiz no Egito, e os meus sinais que operei entre eles; para que vós saibais que eu sou o Senhor.

3 Foram, pois, Moisés e Arão a Faraó, e disseram-lhe: Assim diz o Senhor, o Deus dos hebreus: Até quando recusarás humilhar-te diante de mim? Deixa ir o meu povo, para que me sirva;

4 mas se tu recusares deixar ir o meu povo, eis que amanhã trarei gafanhotos aos teus termos;

5 e eles cobrirão a face da terra, de sorte que não se poderá ver a terra e comerão o resto do que escapou, o que vos ficou da saraiva; também comerão toda árvore que vos cresce no campo;

6 e encherão as tuas casas, as casas de todos os teus servos e as casas de todos os egípcios, como nunca viram teus pais nem os pais de teus pais, desde o dia em que apareceram na terra até o dia de hoje. E virou-se, e saiu da presença de Faraó.

7 Então os servos de Faraó lhe disseram: Até quando este homem nos há de ser por laço? deixa ir os homens, para que sirvam ao Senhor seu Deus; porventura não sabes ainda que o Egito está destruído?

8 Pelo que Moisés e Arão foram levados outra vez a Faraó, e ele lhes disse: Ide, servi ao Senhor vosso Deus. Mas quais são os que hão de ir?

9 Respondeu-lhe Moisés: Havemos de ir com os nossos jovens e com os nossos velhos; com os nossos filhos e com as nossas filhas, com os nossos rebanhos e com o nosso gado havemos de ir; porque temos de celebrar uma festa ao Senhor.

10 Replicou-lhes Faraó: Seja o Senhor convosco, se eu vos deixar ir a vós e a vossos pequeninos! Olhai, porque há mal diante de vós.

11 Não será assim; agora, ide vós, os homens, e servi ao Senhor, pois isso é o que pedistes: E foram expulsos da presença de Faraó.

12 Então disse o Senhor a Moisés: Quanto aos gafanhotos, estende a tua mão sobre a terra do Egito, para que venham eles sobre a terra do Egito e comam toda erva da terra, tudo o que deixou a saraiva.

13 Então estendeu Moisés sua vara sobre a terra do Egito, e o Senhor trouxe sobre a terra um vento oriental todo aquele dia e toda aquela noite; e, quando amanheceu, o vento oriental trouxe os gafanhotos.

14 Subiram, pois, os gafanhotos sobre toda a terra do Egito e pousaram sobre todos os seus termos; tão numerosos foram, que antes destes nunca houve tantos, nem depois deles haverá.

15 Pois cobriram a face de toda a terra, de modo que a terra se escureceu; e comeram toda a erva da terra e todo o fruto das árvores, que deixara a saraiva; nada verde ficou, nem de árvore nem de erva do campo, por toda a terra do Egito.

16 Então Faraó mandou apressadamente chamar Moisés e Arão, e lhes disse: Pequei contra o Senhor vosso Deus, e contra vós.

17 Agora: pois, perdoai-me peço-vos somente esta vez o meu pecado, e orai ao Senhor vosso Deus que tire de mim mais esta morte.

18 Saiu, pois, Moisés da presença de Faraó, e orou ao Senhor.

19 Então o Senhor trouxe um vento ocidental fortíssimo, o qual levantou os gafanhotos e os lançou no Mar Vermelho; não ficou um só gafanhoto em todos os termos do Egito.

20 O Senhor, porém, endureceu o coração de Faraó, e este não deixou ir os filhos de Israel.

21 Então disse o Senhor a Moisés: Estende a mão para o céu, para que haja trevas sobre a terra do Egito, trevas que se possam apalpar.

22 Estendeu, pois, Moisés a mão para o céu, e houve trevas espessas em toda a terra do Egito por três dias.

23 Não se viram uns aos outros, e ninguém se levantou do seu lugar por três dias; mas para todos os filhos de Israel havia luz nas suas habitações.

24 Então mandou Faraó chamar Moisés, e disse: Ide, servi ao Senhor; somente fiquem os vossos rebanhos e o vosso gado; mas vão juntamente convosco os vossos pequeninos.

25 Moisés, porém, disse: Tu também nos tens de dar nas mãos sacrifícios e holocaustos, para que possamos oferecer sacrifícios ao Senhor nosso Deus.

26 E também o nosso gado há de ir conosco; nem uma unha ficará; porque dele havemos de tomar para servir ao Senhor nosso Deus; porque não sabemos com que havemos de servir ao Senhor, até que cheguemos lá.

27 O Senhor, porém, endureceu o coração de Faraó, e este não os quis deixar ir:

28 Disse, pois, Faraó a Moisés: Retira-te de mim, guarda-te que não mais vejas o meu rosto; porque no dia em que me vires o rosto morrerás.

29 Respondeu Moisés: Disseste bem; eu nunca mais verei o teu rosto.

   

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Arcana Coelestia # 1343

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1343. That 'Eber' was a nation, the Hebrew nation, which took its name from 'Eber' as its forefather, and which means the worship in general of the second Ancient Church, is clear from the references to him in the historical sections of the Word. Because a new form of worship began with that nation, all those were called Hebrews whose worship was similar to it. Their worship was like that re-established at a later time among the descendants of Jacob, its chief features being that they called their God Jehovah and held sacrifices. The Most Ancient Church was of one mind in acknowledging the Lord and calling Him Jehovah, as is clear also from the early chapters of Genesis and elsewhere in the Word. The Ancient Church, that is, the Church after the Flood also acknowledged the Lord and called Him Jehovah, especially those who possessed internal worship and were called 'the sons of Shem'. The remainder whose worship was external also acknowledged Jehovah and worshipped Him. But when internal worship became external, and still more when it became idolatrous, and when each nation started to have its own god to worship, the Hebrew nation retained the name of Jehovah and called their own God Jehovah. In this they were different from all other nations.

[2] Along with external worship, Jacob's descendants in Egypt, including Moses himself, lost knowledge even of this fact, that their God was called Jehovah. Consequently they had first of all to be taught that Jehovah was the God of the Hebrews, and the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, as becomes clear from the following in Moses,

Jehovah said to Moses, You and the elders of Israel shall go in to the king of Egypt, and you shall say to him, Jehovah the God of the Hebrews has met with us; and now let us go, pray, a three days' journey into the wilderness, and let us sacrifice to Jehovah our God. Exodus 3:18.

In the same author,

Pharaoh said, Who is Jehovah that I should hearken to His voice to send Israel away? I do not know Jehovah, and moreover I will not send Israel away. And they said, The God of the Hebrews has met with us; let us go, pray, a three days' journey into the wilderness, and let us sacrifice to Jehovah our God. Exodus 5:2-3.

[3] The fact that Jacob's descendants lost in Egypt, along with the worship, even the name of Jehovah becomes clear from the following in Moses,

Moses said to God, Behold, when I come to the children of Israel and say to them, The God of your fathers has sent me to you, and they say to me, What is His name? What shall I tell them? And God said to Moses, I Am Who I Am. And He said, Thus shall you say to the children of Israel, I Am has sent me to you. And God said moreover to Moses, Thus shall you say to the children of Israel, Jehovah the God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, has sent me to you; this is My name for ever. Exodus 3:13-15.

[4] From this it is evident that even Moses did not know it and that they were distinguished from everyone else by the name of Jehovah, the God of the Hebrews. Hence also Jehovah is elsewhere called the God of the Hebrews,

You shall say to Pharaoh, Jehovah the God of the Hebrews has sent me to you. Exodus 7:16.

Go in to Pharaoh and say to him, Thus said Jehovah the God of the Hebrews. Exodus 9:1, 13.

Moses and Aaron went in to Pharaoh and said to him, Thus said Jehovah the God of the Hebrews Exodus 10:3.

In Jonah,

I am a Hebrew, and I fear Jehovah, the God of heaven. Jonah 1:9.

And also in Samuel,

The Philistines heard the noise of the shouting and said, What does the noise of this great shouting in the camp of the Hebrews mean? And they learned that the Ark of Jehovah had come to the camp. The Philistines said, Woe to us! Who will deliver us from the hand of these mighty gods? These are the gods who smote the Egyptians with every sort of plague in the wilderness. Acquit yourselves like men, O Philistines, lest you be slaves to the Hebrews. 1 Samuel 4:6, 8-9.

Here also it is evident that nations were distinguished from one another by the gods whose names they called on, and that the Hebrew nation was distinguished by that of Jehovah.

[5] The fact that sacrifices were the second essential feature of the worship of the Hebrew nation is also evident from the words from Exodus 3:18; 5:2-3, quoted above, as well as from the fact that the Egyptians abhorred the Hebrew nation on account of this form of worship, as is clear from the following in Moses,

Moses said, It is not right to do so, for we would be sacrificing to Jehovah our God what is abhorrent to the Egyptians; behold, we would be sacrificing what is abhorrent to the Egyptians in their eyes; will they not stone us? Exodus 8:26.

Consequently the Egyptians also abhorred the Hebrew nation so much that they refused even 'to eat bread' with them, Genesis 43:32. From this it is also evident that not merely the descendants of Jacob constituted the Hebrew nation but everybody who possessed that kind of worship. This also was why in Joseph's day the land of Canaan was called the land of the Hebrews,

Joseph said. By theft I have been taken away out of the land of the Hebrews. Genesis 40:15.

[6] The fact that sacrifices took place among the idolaters in the land of Canaan becomes clear from many references, for they used to sacrifice to their gods - to the baals and to others What is more, Balaam, who came from Syria where Eber had lived, that is, where the Hebrew nation had originated, before Jacob's descendants entered the land of Canaan, not only offered sacrifices but also called his God Jehovah. As to the fact that Balaam came from Syria where the Hebrew nation had originated, see Numbers 23:7; that he offered sacrifices, Numbers 22:39-40; 23:1-3, 14, 29; that he called his God Jehovah, Numbers 22:18, and elsewhere in those chapters. And Genesis 8:20 speaks of Noah offering burnt offerings to Jehovah - though this is not true history but made-up history - for 'burnt offerings' means the holiness of worship, as may be seen in that story. These considerations now show what 'Eber' or 'the Hebrew nation' means.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.