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Josvas 8

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1 Og Herren sa til Josva: Frykt ikke og vær ikke redd, ta med dig alt krigsfolket, gjør dig rede og dra op mot Ai! Se, jeg har gitt kongen i Ai og hans folk og hans by og hans land i din hånd.

2 Og du skal gjøre med Ai og dets konge som du gjorde med Jeriko og dets konge; bare hærfanget og feet der kan I ta for eder selv. Legg nu et bakhold mot byen, på vestsiden!

3 Da gjorde Josva og alt krigsfolket sig rede til å dra op mot Ai, og Josva utvalgte tretti tusen mann, djerve stridsmenn, og sendte dem avsted om natten.

4 Og han bød dem og sa: Nu skal I legge eder i bakhold mot byen, på vestsiden, ikke meget langt fra byen, og hold eder rede alle sammen!

5 Men jeg og alt det folk som er med mig, vil dra nær innimot byen, og når de da drar ut mot oss likesom første gang, vil vi flykte for dem.

6 Og de vil dra ut efter oss til vi får lokket dem bort fra byen; for de vil tenke: De flykter for oss likesom første gang. Men mens vi flykter for dem,

7 skal I reise eder fra bakholdet og innta byen, og Herren eders Gud skal gi den i eders hånd.

8 Og når I har inntatt byen, skal I sette ild på den; I skal gjøre efter Herrens ord. Se, jeg har nu sagt eder hvad I skal gjøre.

9 Så sendte Josva dem avsted, og de gikk og la sig i bakhold mellem Betel og Ai, vestenfor Ai; men Josva selv blev den natt midt iblandt folket.

10 Morgenen efter stod Josva tidlig op og mønstret folket; og han og Israels eldste drog foran folket op til Ai.

11 Og alt krigsfolket som var med ham, drog op og rykket frem til de kom midt foran byen, og de slo leir nordenfor Ai med dalen mellem sig og Ai.

12 Så tok han omkring fem tusen mann og la dem i bakhold mellem Betel og Ai, vestenfor byen,

13 og de fylket krigsfolket, både hele leiren som var nordenfor byen, og den del som lå i bakhold vestenfor byen, og Josva gikk samme natt midt ned i dalen.

14 Da kongen i Ai så dette, skyndte byens menn sig, han selv og hele hans folk, og drog tidlig om morgenen ut til strid mot Israel, til det fastsatte sted foran ødemarken; men han visste ikke at det lå et bakhold mot ham vestenfor byen.

15 Og Josva og hele Israel lot sig slå av dem og flyktet bortimot ørkenen.

16 Da blev alt folket som var i byen, ropt sammen til å forfølge dem, og de forfulgte Josva og kom således lenger og lenger bort fra byen.

17 Det blev ikke en mann tilbake i Ai og Betel; for de drog alle ut efter Israel; de lot byen ligge åpen efter sig og forfulgte Israel.

18 Da sa Herren til Josva: ekk spydet som du har i din hånd, ut mot Ai! For jeg vil gi byen i din hånd! Så rakte Josva spydet som han hadde i sin hånd, ut imot byen.

19 Og med det samme han rakte sin hånd ut, reiste bakholdet sig fra sin plass og sprang avsted, og de kom inn i byen og inntok den, og de skyndte sig og satte ild på byen.

20 Da nu Ai-mennene vendte sig om, blev de var røken fra byen, som steg op imot himmelen, og de var ikke i stand til å flykte hverken hit eller dit, fordi de krigsfolk som var flyktet til ørkenen, nu vendte sig mot forfølgerne.

21 For da Josva og hele Israel så at bakholdet hadde inntatt byen, og at røken steg op fra byen, vendte de om og slo Ai-mennene.

22 Og de andre drog ut av byen imot dem, så de kom midt imellem israelittene og fikk dem omkring sig på begge sider. Så slo de* dem og levnet dem ikke nogen som slapp unda eller blev frelst. / {* israelittene.}

23 Men kongen i Ai blev tatt levende og ført til Josva.

24 Og da Israel hadde slått ihjel alle Ais innbyggere på slagmarken, ute i ørkenen, dit de hadde forfulgt dem, og de alle sammen var falt for sverdets egg til siste mann, da vendte hele Israel tilbake til Ai og slo alle som var der, med sverdets egg.

25 Og de som falt på den dag, menn og kvinner, var tolv tusen, alle Ais innbyggere.

26 Josva tok ikke til sig igjen hånden som han hadde rakt ut med spydet, før han hadde slått alle Ais innbyggere med bann.

27 Bare feet og hærfanget i denne by tok Israel for sig selv efter Herrens ord, som han hadde talt til Josva.

28 Og Josva brente op Ai og gjorde den til en grushaug for alle tider, til et øde sted, som den har vært til denne dag.

29 Og kongen i Ai lot han henge op på et tre, og der blev han hengende til om aftenen; men da solen gikk ned, bød Josva dem ta hans døde legeme ned av treet og kaste det ved inngangen til byens port, og de kastet en stor stenrøs sammen over ham; den er der den dag idag.

30 Ved denne tid bygget Josva et alter for Herren, Israels Gud, på Ebal-fjellet,

31 således som Moses, Herrens tjener, hadde befalt Israels barn, efter det som står skrevet i Mose lovbok, et alter av hele stener, som det ikke hadde vært brukt jern på; og på det ofret de brennoffer for Herren og slaktet takkoffer.

32 Og han skrev der på stenene en avskrift av Mose lov, den lov som Moses hadde skrevet for Israels barns åsyn.

33 Og hele Israel med sine eldste og tilsynsmenn og sine dommere stod på begge sider av arken midt imot de levittiske prester, som bar Herrens pakts-ark, hele Israel, både de fremmede og de innfødte, den ene halvdel av dem mot Garisim-fjellet, og den andre halvdel mot Ebal-fjellet, således som Moses, Herrens tjener, før hadde befalt å velsigne Israels folk.

34 Derefter leste han op alle lovens ord, velsignelsen og forbannelsen, i ett og alt således som skrevet er i lovens bok.

35 Det var ikke et ord av alt det Moses hadde befalt, som Josva ikke leste op for hele Israels menighet med kvinner og barn og for de fremmede som fulgte med dem.

   

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Exploring the Meaning of Joshua 8

Napsal(a) New Christian Bible Study Staff, Julian Duckworth

Joshua 8: The fall of Ai and the renewal of the covenant.

The events of this chapter - and their spiritual meaning for us - follow on from the previous chapter. After their first setback at Ai, the Children of Israel take the city of Ai by using a clever ruse. Joshua chose thirty thousand men for the battle. The plan was for five thousand of them to hide near the city, while he led the main army to attack the city. Then, Joshua and his forces would pretend to run away, pursued by the men of Ai. Those who had hidden were then to come out, go into the city, and set it on fire. The men of Ai would see this and run back, get ambushed, and be caught between Joshua’s two armies.

It all happened as planned, and Israel took Ai. (See Arcana Caelestia 1557). As with Jericho, everything in Ai was commanded to be destroyed, except that in this case the livestock and the city’s spoils were to be kept. The whole city was burned and its king was hanged on a tree until sunset and then his body was thrown down at the city entrance with a great heap of stones put over it.

The basic spiritual meaning of any battle in the Bible such as this, is to show how a heavenly principle can and will overcome a hellish or evil attack, especially for us, during some temptation - when we seek to resist and fight back.

Evil is only strong in illusion and fear-mongering; when the light of what is true shines on evil it gets shown for what it is. (Heaven and Hell 49)

The city’s name “Ai” means “a heap”. The word gets used several times in the text of the chapter. A heap implies rubble and rubbish. Cities sometimes look noble and well-planned; in Ai’s case it was the very opposite - a heap, a ruin. (Heaven and Hell 586[2])

While Jericho generally represents our wrong thinking, which first stands in the way of our regeneration and spiritual will, Ai represents our evil emotions and our selfish passions. Both of them must fall before we can make further progress.

Joshua chooses a large number to go against a relatively few in Ai, who nevertheless all rush out to fight Israel. “There was not a man left in Ai or Bethel who did not go out after Israel. Thus they left the city open.” (Joshua 8:17)

Joshua’s tactic of drawing out the men of Ai means our challenge to evil - by confronting it with the truths and commandments we know and obey. Joshua’s pretence of fleeing away draws Ai out in glee, interpreting the flight as a real retreat. Then everything turns, and Joshua’s men go forward representing the power of the truth, the Word and our persuasion of their effectiveness in winning. (Arcana Caelestia 6344[4])

Ai’s men see their city on fire, for other Israelites entered Ai and set it ablaze. This represents the self-condemnation of evil, of hell, when it is exposed to what is true, heavenly and of God. But Joshua’s men, lying in ambush and waiting for the moment, represent our keen observation of how our selfish desires work to cause havoc in us. They are 5,000. Symbolically, in the Bible, five or its multiples always stand for a small amount - but enough to use.

Hanging the king of Ai stands for our need to put down the controlling power of any evil which stirs us. And all Ai is destroyed, because all evil must be turned against and refused.

Then, and only then, Joshua remakes the covenant with the Lord God; he builds an altar, he writes a copy on stones of the Law of Moses in the presence of all Israel, the priests stand in two groups in front of two mountains, then Joshua reads the words of blessing and cursing and all the Law of Moses.

After we resist any evil and its temptation, we must re-hear and re-affirm the truth that this was the Lord’s victory, not ours, and re-dedicate ourselves to the life the Lord gives us. (True Christian Religion 13[2])

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Arcana Coelestia # 3750

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3750. What kind of idea about heaven those people have who, superior to all others, are thought to be in communication with heaven and to be under its influence has also been shown to me visually. Appearing overhead are those who in the world wished to be worshipped as gods and with whom self-love had been raised up as far as it could possibly go as they rose up in the hierarchy and acquired the supposed liberty that went with such powerful positions. At the same time those people are deceitful, acting under a presence of innocence and of love to the Lord. Their appearance on high overhead is the result of a delusion about height; but in fact they are underfoot in hell.

[2] One of them brought himself down to me, who, I was told by others, had been Pope when in the world. He spoke to me very courteously, first of all about Peter and his keys which he imagined that he had held. But when I asked him about the power of letting into heaven whomever he liked he had so crude an idea about heaven that he represented it as a door through which entrance was gained. He said that he opened the door to the poor for nothing, but that the rich were assessed according to their means, and that what they gave was holy. I asked whether he believed that those he let in remained there. He said that he did not know; if they did not, then they went away. I went on to say that he could not know those persons interiorly - whether they were worthy persons or possibly robbers who should be in hell. He said that this was no concern of his; if they were not worthy they could be sent away. But he was told what was meant by Peter's keys, namely faith rooted in love and charity; and because the Lord alone confers such faith the Lord alone is the one who lets people into heaven. He was also told that Peter does not appear to anyone but is a simple ordinary spirit who has no more power than anyone else. Concerning the Lord this former Pope held no other opinion than that He ought to be worshipped insofar as He confers such power; and that if He did not confer it, he thought - as I perceived - that He ought not to be worshipped any longer. I then went on to talk to him about the internal man, of which he had a foul idea.

[3] I was shown visually the nature of the freedom, fullness, and delight of the respiration he enjoyed when seated on his throne in his consistory and believed that he spoke under the influence of the Holy Spirit. He was taken back into a similar state he had passed through there - for in the next life anyone can be taken back without difficulty into the state of life which he had passed through in the world, because the state of his life remains with him after death - and the nature of his respiration in that state was conveyed to me. It was free and attended with delight, slow, regular, deep, and filling the whole breast. But when he was contradicted there was in the abdomen, into which his respiration extended, something that seemed to be turning over and crawling about. And when he imagined that what he pronounced was Divine he perceived it from his respiration, which was more soundless and so to speak in harmony with it.

[4] I was then shown who the spirits are who direct Popes like this one, namely the horde of sirens overhead who have acquired that disposition and life by which they worm their way into every kind of affection with the intention of ruling over others and subjecting them to themselves, and of destroying for selfish reasons whomever they can, employing holiness and innocence as the means. They fear for themselves and so act cautiously; but given the opportunity they plunge for selfish reasons into merciless acts of cruelty.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.