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Jeremias 50

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1 Dette er det ord Herren talte om Babel, om kaldeernes land, ved profeten Jeremias.

2 Forkynn det iblandt folkene og kunngjør det og løft op banner, kunngjør det, dølg det ikke, si: Babel er inntatt, Bel er blitt til skamme, Merodak er blitt forferdet, dets gudebilleder er blitt til skamme, dets vederstyggelige avguder er forferdet!

3 For et folk drar op imot det fra nord, det gjør dets land til en ørken, og det er ingen som bor i det; både mennesker og dyr er flyktet bort.

4 I de dager og på den tid, sier Herren, skal Israels barn komme, de og Judas barn sammen; de skal gå og gråte, og Herren sin Gud skal de søke.

5 Efter Sion skal de spørre, hit er deres åsyn vendt: Kom og gi eder til Herren ved en evig pakt, som ikke glemmes!

6 Fortapte får var mitt folk, deres hyrder hadde ført dem vill, til fjellene hadde de drevet dem bort*; fra fjell til haug gikk de, de glemte sitt hvilested. / {* neml. for der å dyrke avguder; JE 3, 6. 23.}

7 Alle som traff dem, åt dem, og deres fiender sa: Vi skal ikke bøte for det - fordi de hadde syndet mot Herren, rettferdighetens bolig, og mot sine fedres håp, Herren.

8 Fly ut av Babel og dra bort fra kaldeernes land, og gå som bukker foran hjorden!

9 For se, jeg vekker og fører op imot Babel en skare av store folkeslag fra landet i nord, og de skal stille sig op imot det; av dem skal det bli inntatt; deres piler er som en prøvet kjempes, ingen vender tilbake med uforrettet sak.

10 Og Kaldea skal bli til rov; alle som røver det, skal mettes, sier Herren.

11 Ja, gled eder bare, ja, juble bare, I som plyndrer min arv! Ja, hopp bare som en treskende kvige* og vrinsk som de sterke hester! / {* 5MO 25, 4. HSE 10, 11.}

12 Eders mor blir storlig til skamme, hun som fødte eder, blues; se, hun blir det siste blandt folkene, en ørken, et tørt land og en øde mark.

13 For Herrens vredes skyld skal det aldri bo folk der igjen, det hele skal bli til en ørken; hver den som går forbi Babel, skal forferdes og spotte over alle dets plager.

14 Still eder op mot Babel rundt omkring, alle I som spenner bue! Skyt på det, spar ikke på pilene! For mot Herren har det syndet.

15 Opløft hærskrik mot det rundt omkring! Det har overgitt sig, dets grunnvoller er falt, dets murer er brutt ned; for det er Herrens hevn. hevn eder på det! Gjør mot det således som det har gjort!

16 Utrydd av Babel både såmann og den som fører sigden i høstens tid! For det herjende sverd skal de vende sig hver til sitt folk og fly hver til sitt land.

17 Et bortdrevet lam er Israel, løver har jaget det bort; først åt Assurs konge det, og nu sist har Babels konge Nebukadnesar knust dets ben.

18 Derfor sier Herren, hærskarenes Gud, Israels Gud, så: Se, jeg hjemsøker Babels konge og hans land, likesom jeg har hjemsøkt Assurs konge.

19 Og jeg vil føre Israel tilbake til dets beitemarker, og det skal beite på Karmel og i Basan, og på Efra'ims fjell og i Gilead skal det ete sig mett.

20 I de dager og på den tid, sier Herren, skal de søke efter Israels misgjerning, men den skal ikke være til, og efter Judas synder, men de skal ikke finnes; for jeg vil tilgi dem som jeg lar bli igjen.

21 Dra op mot Merata'ims* land og mot Pekods* innbyggere! Forfølg dem, ødelegg dem og slå dem med bann, sier Herren, og gjør i alle deler som jeg har befalt dig! / {* Merata'im (dobbelt gjenstridighet) og Pekod (hjemsøkelse) er billedlige navn på Babel; sml. ESK 23, 23.}

22 Det er larm av krig i landet og stor ødeleggelse.

23 Hvor den er blitt knekket og knust den hammer som slo hele jorden! Hvor Babel er blitt til en forferdelse blandt folkene!

24 Jeg stilte snare for dig, og du blev fanget, Babel, uten at du visste av det; du blev funnet og grepet; for mot Herren hadde du gitt dig i strid.

25 Herren har åpnet sitt rustkammer og tatt frem sin vredes våben; for Herren, Israels Gud, hærskarenes Gud, har et arbeid fore i kaldeernes land.

26 Kom imot det fra alle kanter! Åpne dets forrådshus, dyng op som korndynger det som finnes der, og slå det med bann! La det ikke ha noget igjen!

27 Drep alle dets okser*, la dem stige ned for å slaktes! Ve over dem! For deres dag er kommet, deres hjemsøkelses tid. / {* d.e. dets veldige menn.}

28 Hør! De er flyktet og undkommet fra Babels land for å kunngjøre i Sion Herrens, vår Guds hevn, hevnen for hans tempel!

29 Kall skytterne sammen mot Babel, alle dem som spenner bue! Slå leir mot det rundt omkring, la ingen slippe unda! Betal det efter dets gjerninger, gjør mot det i alle deler som det har gjort! For mot Herren har det ophøiet sig, mot Israels Hellige.

30 Derfor skal dets unge menn falle på dets gater, og alle dets krigsmenn skal tilintetgjøres på den dag, sier Herren.

31 Se, jeg kommer over dig, Sadon*, sier Herren, Israels Gud, hærskarenes Gud; for din dag er kommet, den tid da jeg hjemsøker dig. / {* Sadon (overmot) er et billedlig navn på Babel; sml. ESK 7, 10.}

32 Og Sadon skal snuble og falle uten å ha nogen som reiser det op, og jeg vil sette ild på dets byer, og den skal fortære alt rundt omkring det.

33 sier Herren, hærskarenes Gud: Undertrykt er både Israels barn og Judas barn, og alle de som har ført dem i fangenskap, holder dem fast; de nekter å la dem fare.

34 Deres gjenløser er sterk, Herren, hærskarenes Gud, er hans navn; han skal visselig føre deres sak og la jorden få ro, men volde Babels innbyggere uro.

35 Sverd over kaldeerne, sier Herren, over Babels innbyggere, over dets høvdinger og over dets vismenn!

36 Sverd over snakkerne*! De skal stå der som dårer. Sverd over dets kjemper! De skal bli forferdet. / {* d.e. de falske spåmenn, stjernetyderne og lign.; JES 44, 25; 47, 12. 13.}

37 Sverd over dets hester og over dets vogner og over alle de fremmede krigsfolk blandt dem! De skal bli til kvinner. Sverd over dets skatter! De skal bli røvet.

38 Tørke over dets vann! De skal tørkes ut. For det er et land med avgudsbilleder, og med sine gruelige avguder ter de sig som rasende.

39 Derfor skal ørkenens dyr bo der sammen med ville hunder, og strutser skal bo i det; og det skal aldri mere reise sig igjen, og slekt efter slekt skal ingen bo der.

40 Som da Gud la Sodoma og Gomorra og dets nabobyer i grus, sier Herren, skal ingen mann bo der, og intet menneskebarn opholde sig der.

41 Se, et folk kommer fra nord, et stort folk, og mange konger skal stå frem fra jordens ytterste ende.

42 Bue og spyd holder de i hånden, de er grusomme og skåner ingen; deres røst bruser som havet, og på hester kommer de ridende, rustet som en krigsmann, mot dig, Babels datter!

43 Babels konge har hørt ryktet om dem, og hans hender er blitt kraftløse; angst har grepet ham, smerter som den fødende kvinnes.

44 Se, han* stiger op som en løve fra Jordans prakt til de alltid grønne enger; for i et øieblikk vil jeg jage dem** bort derfra, og den som er utvalgt, ham vil jeg sette over det; for hvem er som jeg, og hvem vil stevne mig, og hvem er den hyrde som kan bli stående for mitt åsyn? / {* Babels fiende.} / {** babylonierne.}

45 Hør derfor det råd som Herren har lagt mot Babel, og de tanker som han har tenkt mot kaldeernes land: Visselig, de skal bli slept bort de små lam; visselig, deres beitemark skal forferdes over dem.

46 Ved det rop: Babel er inntatt, bever jorden, og det høres skrik blandt folkene.

   

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Apocalypse Explained # 279

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279. And the second animal like a calf, signifies the appearance in ultimates of Divine good in respect to protection. This is evident from the signification of a "calf," or "bullock," as being the good of the natural man, and specifically his good of innocence and charity; and because it is the good of the natural man it also is the good of the lowest heaven, for this heaven is spiritual natural (See in the work on Heaven and Hell 29-31); and as this good is there, there is a guard or protection that the higher heavens be not approached except through the good of love and charity; this is why one cherub was like a calf. That this appearance was in ultimates, see just above n. 278. A "calf" or "bullock" signifies the good of the natural man, because animals from the herd signified the affections of good and truth in the external or natural man; and those from the flock signified the affections of good and truth in the internal or spiritual man. Those from the flock were lambs, she-goats, sheep, rams, and he-goats; those from the herd were oxen, bullocks, and calves.

[2] That "bullocks" and "calves" signify the good of the natural man is evident from the passages of the Word where they are mentioned. First from the description of the feet of the cherubim in Ezekiel:

Their foot was straight and the sole of their feet like the sole of a calf's foot, and they sparkled like the appearance of burnished brass (Ezekiel 1:7).

Their foot thus appeared "straight" because the cherubim represented the Divine guard of the Lord, and the feet and the soles of the feet represented the same in ultimates or in the spiritual natural heaven and the natural world; for "feet" in general signify the natural; a "straight foot" the natural in respect to good; "the sole of the foot" the ultimate of the natural; "burnished brass" also signifies good in the natural. From this it is clear that good in the natural is signified by a "calf," and that in this is the ultimate good that guards and protects lest the heavens be approached except through the good of love and charity. (That "feet" signify the natural, see Arcana Coelestia 2162, 3147, 3761, 3986, 4280, 4938-4952, 5327, 5328; that that which is to the right signifies good from which is truth, n. 9604, 9736, 10061; therefore a "straight foot" signifies the natural in respect to good. That "palms," "soles," and "hoofs," signify the ultimates in the natural, see n. 4938, 7729; and that "burnished brass" signifies natural good, see above, n. 70)

[3] In Hosea:

Return ye to Jehovah; say unto Him, Take away all iniquity, and accept good, and we will pay back the bullocks of our lips (Hosea 14:2).

What it is to "pay back the bullocks of the lips" no one can know unless he knows what "bullocks" and what "lips" signify; they mean evidently confession and thanksgiving from a good heart; but it is thus expressed because "bullocks" signify external good, and "lips" doctrine; therefore "paying back the bullocks of the lips" signifies to confess and give thanks from the goods of doctrine. (That "lips" signify doctrine, see Arcana Coelestia, n. 1286, 1288.)

[4] In Amos:

Ye cause the habitation of violence to draw near; they lie upon beds of ivory, and eat the lambs out of the flock, and the calves out of the midst of the stall (Amos 6:3, 4).

Here those who have an abundance of the knowledges of good and truth and yet lead an evil life are treated of; "to eat the lambs out of the flock" signifies to imbibe the knowledges of internal good or of the spiritual man; and "to eat the calves out of the midst of the stall" signifies to imbibe the knowledges of external good or of the natural man; and "to cause the habitation of violence to draw near" is to live a life contrary to charity.

[5] In Malachi:

Unto you that fear My name shall the Sun of righteousness arise and healing in His wings; that ye may go forth, and grow up as fatted calves (Malachi 4:2).

The "Sun of righteousness that shall arise to them that fear the name of Jehovah" signifies the good of love; and "healing in His wings" signifies the truth of faith; therefore "to go forth, and grow up as fatted calves," signifies the increase of all good, "fatted" and "fat" also signifying good.

[6] In Luke:

The father said of the prodigal son who returned penitent in heart, Bring forth the first robe and put it on him, and put a ring on his hand, and shoes on his feet; and bring hither the fatted calf and kill it, that we may eat and be glad (Luke 15:22, 23).

He who is acquainted only with the sense of the letter believes that no deeper meaning is contained in this than appears in that sense, when yet every particular involves heavenly things; as that they should "put on him the first robe," that they should "put a ring on his hand, and shoes on his feet," that they should "bring forth the fatted calf, that they might eat and be merry." By "the prodigal son" those who are prodigal of spiritual riches, which are the knowledges of truth and good, are meant; "his returning to his father, and his confession that he was not worthy to be called his son," signifies penitence of heart and humiliation; "the first robe with which he was clothed," signifies general and primary truths; "the ring on the hand" signifies the conjunction of truth and good in the internal or spiritual man; "the shoes on the feet" signify the same in the external or natural man, and both signify regeneration; "the fatted calf" signifies the good of love and charity; and "to eat and be glad" signifies consociation and heavenly joy.

[7] In Jeremiah:

I will give the men that have transgressed My covenant, who have not established the words of the covenant which they made before Me, that of the calf, which they cut in twain that they might pass between the parts thereof, the princes of Judah, and the princes of Jerusalem, the royal ministers and the priests, and all the people of the land, which passed between the parts of the calf, I will even give them into the hands of their enemies, that their carcass may be for food to the bird of the heavens (Jeremiah 34:18-20).

What is meant by "the covenant of the calf," and by "passing between its parts," no one can know without knowing what a "covenant" signifies, and a "calf," and its being "cut in twain;" then what is meant by "the princes of Judah and Jerusalem," by "the royal ministers," "the priests," and "the people of the land." Some heavenly arcanum is evidently meant; and it can be understood when it is known that a "covenant" means conjunction; a "calf" good, a "calf cut in twain" good proceeding from the Lord on the one hand, and good received by man on the other, whence is conjunction; and that "the princes of Judah and of Jerusalem, the royal ministers, the priests, and the people of the land," mean the goods and truths of the church; and that "to pass between the parts" means to conjoin. When these things are known, the internal sense of these words can be seen, namely, that there was no conjunction by the goods and truths of the church with that nation, but disjunction.

[8] Like things are involved in the "covenant of the calf" with Abram, of which in Genesis:

Jehovah said to Abram, Take to thee an heifer of three years old, and a she-goat of three years old, and a ram of three years old, and a turtle dove, and a young pigeon. And he took him all these, and divided them in the midst, and laid each part over against the other; but the birds divided he not. And the birds of prey came down upon the carcasses; and Abram drove them away. And the sun was at its going down, and a deep sleep fell upon Abram; and lo, a terror of great darkness fell upon him. And in that day Jehovah made a covenant with Abram (Genesis 15:9-12, 18).

The "terror of great darkness" that fell upon Abram signified the state of the Jewish nation, which was in the greatest darkness in respect to the truths and goods of the church. This state of that nation is what is described in the prophet by "the covenant of the calf which they cut into two parts, between which they passed." Since a "calf" signifies the good of the natural man and its truth, which is knowledge [scientificum]; and since the natural man and its knowledge [scientificum] is signified by "Egypt," therefore in the Word Egypt is called a "she-calf," and a "he-calf;" moreover, when they applied the knowledges [scientifica] of the church to magical and idolatrous purposes they turned the calf into an idol; this was why the sons of Israel made to themselves a he-calf in the wilderness, and worshiped it, and also why they had a calf in Samaria.

[9] That Egypt was called a he-calf and a she-calf can be seen in Jeremiah:

A very fair she-calf is Egypt; destruction cometh out of the north, her hirelings in the midst of her are like he-calves of the stall (Jeremiah 46:20-21).

Respecting the calf that the sons of Israel made to themselves in the wilderness, see Exodus 32; and respecting the "calf of Samaria" (1 Kings 12:28-32), about which is the following in Hosea:

They have made a king, but not by Me; they have made princes, and I knew it not; of their silver and their gold have they made them idols, that they may be cut off. Thy calf, O Samaria, hath forsaken thee. For it was from Israel; the workman made it, and it is not God; the calf of Samaria shall be broken in pieces (Hosea 8:4-6).

This treats of the corrupt explanation of the Word, when the sense of its letter is turned to favor self-love, and the principles of religion derived therefrom. "They have made a king, but not by Me, and they have made princes, and I knew it not," signifies doctrines from self-intelligence, which in themselves are falsities, but which they make to appear as truths; for "king" signifies truth, and in a contrary sense, falsity; "princes" signify primary truths, or falsities, which are called principles of religion. "To make idols of their silver and their gold" signifies to pervert the truths and goods of the church, and still to worship them as holy, although as they are from self-intelligence they are destitute of life; "silver" is the truth, and "gold" the good, which are from the Lord; "idols" signify worship from doctrine that is from self-intelligence; "the workman made it, and it is not God," signifies that is from the selfhood [ex proprio], and not from the Divine; "to be broken in pieces" signifies to be dispersed; which makes clear what is signified by the "calf of Samaria." Because "calves" signified the good of the natural man, calves were also sacrificed (See Exodus 29:11, 12 seq.; Leviticus 4:3, 13; 8:15 seq.; 9:2; 16:3; 23:18; Numbers 8:8 seq.; 15:24; 28:19, 20; Judges 6:25-29; 1 Samuel 1:25; 16:2; 1 Kings 18:23-26, 33); for all the animals that were sacrificed signified the goods of the church of various kinds.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Foundation for their permission to use this translation.

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Arcana Coelestia # 8148

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8148. 'And he took six hundred chosen chariots' means each and every doctrinal teaching that upholds falsity belonging to separated faith, in their own order. This is clear from the meaning of the number 'six hundred' as each and every aspect of the truth and good of faith taken all together, and so in the contrary sense as each and every aspect of the falsity and evil of faith separated from charity (this meaning of 'six hundred' may become clear from what has been shown regarding the number 'six hundred thousand' in 7973); and from the meaning of 'chariots' as doctrinal teachings upholding faith, in this instance separated faith, dealt with just above in 8146. 'Chosen chariots' means the chief doctrinal teachings that uphold that faith, to which all other teachings are subordinate. Those that are subordinate to them or serve them are meant by 'the chariots of Egypt', referred to immediately after the six hundred chosen ones.

[2] It should be recognized that these falsities - the ones that are meant here by Pharaoh, his army and people, and also his chariots, horses, and horsemen - are chiefly falsities present with people whose faith is no more than persuasion, that is, people who persuade themselves that the teachings of the Church they are in are true and who nevertheless lead a life of evil. This kind of faith, unlike saving faith, goes together with evil in life, because it is a faith in which people persuade themselves that everything the Church teaches is true, yet do so not for the sake of truth, or for the sake of life, or even for the sake of salvation (since they have scarcely any belief in this), only for their own advantage, that is, to acquire important positions and wealth, and reputation because of these. It is to gain such advantages that they imbibe religious teachings. Thus they do not learn them to the end that they may be of service to the Church and the salvation of souls, but to themselves and their dependents. Therefore it makes no difference to them whether those teachings are true or false. They do not care which they are, much less do they bother to find out; for they have no affection for truth because it is the truth. They endorse those teachings regardless of the character of them; and when they have endorsed them they tell themselves that they are true, without stopping to think that falsities can be endorsed just as much as truths, 4741, 5033, 6865, 7012, 7680, 7950.

[3] This is how faith that is no more than persuasion arises. And since it does not see the neighbour and the good of the neighbour, or therefore the Lord, as the end in view, only self and the world, that is, important positions and material gain, that kind of faith is linked to evil in life, and not to good in life. For faith, when linked to this good, is saving faith. This kind of faith is imparted by the Lord, but the other has its origin in people themselves. Faith imparted by the Lord remains forever, the other kind melts away in the next life. It even melts away in the world if they can gain nothing by it. As long as they can gain anything they fight for it as if for heaven itself, though in fact they do so not for that faith but for themselves. For the things that belong to faith, which are religious teachings, are for those people simply the means to an end, which is high position and wealth. People in the world with this type of faith are scarcely distinguishable from those possessing saving faith, since they speak and proclaim in favour of religious teachings with an ardour that seemingly belongs to true zeal, but is an ardour fired by selfish and worldly love.

[4] These are the people who are meant in particular by 'Pharaoh' and 'the Egyptians', who in the next life undergo vastation of that kind of faith. When that vastation is completed they are steeped in utter falsities arising from evil, for falsities now burst out of evil. Falsities do so because all evil has falsity present with it, since the two have been joined together. Those falsities make their appearance when such people are left exposed to the evil in their life. That evil is then like fire, and the falsities are like the light coming from a fire. This kind of evil, and the falsity arising from it, is altogether different from other kinds of evil and derivative falsities. It is more loathsome than all the rest, because it is contrary to the forms of good and the truths of faith, and that kind of evil consequently holds profanation within it. Profanation consists in acknowledging truth and good and yet living contrary to them, 593, 1008, 1010, 1059, 2051, 3398, 3898, 4289, 4601, 6959, 6963, 6971.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.