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5 Mosebok 4

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1 hør nu, Israel, de lover og de bud som jeg lærer eder å holde, forat I må leve og komme inn i det land som Herren, eders fedres Gud, gir eder, og ta det i eie!

2 I skal ikke legge noget til det ord jeg byder eder, og I skal ikke ta noget fra, men I skal holde Herrens, eders Guds bud som jeg gir eder.

3 I har med egne øine sett hvad Herren gjorde da det hendte det med Ba'al Peor; hver mann som holdt sig til Ba'al Peor, utryddet Herren din Gud av din midte,

4 men I som holdt fast ved Herren eders Gud, I lever alle den dag idag.

5 Se, jeg har lært eder lover og bud, således som Herren min Gud bød mig, forat I skal gjøre efter dem i det land I drar inn i og skal ta i eie.

6 Så skal I da ta vare på dem og holde dem; det vil bli regnet for visdom og forstand hos eder av andre folk; for når de får høre om alle disse lover, vil de si: Sannelig, et vist og forstandig folk er dette store folk.

7 For hvor finnes det et folk, om det er aldri så stort, som har guder som er det så nær som Herren vår Gud er oss, så titt vi kaller på ham?

8 Og hvor finnes det et folk, om det er aldri så stort, som har så rettferdige lover og bud som hele denne lov jeg legger frem for eder idag?

9 Vokt dig bare og ta dig vel i akt at du ikke glemmer det dine øine har sett, så det ikke går ut av din hu alle ditt livs dager, men kunngjør det for dine barn og dine barnebarn,

10 det du så den dag du stod for Herrens, din Guds åsyn ved Horeb, da Herren sa til mig: Kall folket sammen for mig, forat jeg kan la dem høre mine ord, så de kan lære å frykte mig alle de dager de lever på jorden, og også lære sine barn dem.

11 Da kom I nær til og stod nedenfor fjellet, mens fjellet stod i brennende lue like inn i himmelen, og der var mørke og skyer og skodde.

12 Og Herren talte til eder midt ut av ilden; I hørte lyden av ordene, men nogen skikkelse blev I ikke var; I hørte bare lyden.

13 Og han forkynte eder sin pakt, som han bød eder å holde, de ti ord; og han skrev dem på to stentavler.

14 Og mig bød Herren på samme tid å lære eder lover og bud, som I skal leve efter i det land I drar over til og skal ta i eie.

15 Så ta eder nu vel i vare, så sant I har eders liv kjært - for I så ingen skikkelse den dag Herren talte til eder på Horeb midt ut av ilden -

16 at I ikke forsynder eder med å gjøre eder noget utskåret billede, noget slags avgudsbillede, i skikkelse av mann eller kvinne

17 eller av noget firføtt dyr på jorden eller av nogen vinget fugl som flyver under himmelen,

18 eller av noget dyr som kryper på jorden, eller av nogen fisk i vannet nedenfor jorden,

19 og at du ikke, når du løfter dine øine op til himmelen og ser solen og månen og stjernene, hele himmelens hær, lar dig føre vill, så du tilbeder dem og dyrker dem, de som Herren din Gud har tildelt alle folkene under hele himmelen.

20 Men eder har Herren tatt og ført ut av jernovnen, av Egypten, forat I skal være hans eiendomsfolk, således som det kan sees på denne dag.

21 Og Herren blev vred på mig for eders skyld og svor at jeg ikke skulde få gå over Jordan og ikke komme inn i det gode land som Herren din Gud gir dig til arv.

22 For jeg må her i dette land, jeg kommer ikke over Jordan; men I skal gå over den og ta dette gode land i eie.

23 Ta eder da i vare at I ikke glemmer Herrens, eders Guds pakt, som han har gjort med eder, og gjør eder noget utskåret billede av noget slag; for det har Herren din Gud forbudt dig!

24 For Herren din Gud er en fortærende ild, en nidkjær Gud.

25 Når du får barn og barnebarn og I blir gamle i landet, og I forsynder eder med å gjøre noget utskåret billede av noget slag, så I gjør hvad ondt er i Herrens, eders Guds øine og dermed egger ham til vrede,

26 så tar jeg idag himmelen og jorden til vidne mot eder at I visselig snart skal utryddes av det land som I nu drar inn i over Jordan og skal ta i eie; I skal ikke leve mange dager der, men bli helt ødelagt.

27 Herren skal sprede eder blandt folkene, så bare en liten flokk av eder blir tilbake blandt de hedningefolk Herren fører eder bort til.

28 Og der skal I dyrke guder som er gjort av menneskehender, stokk og sten, som ikke ser og ikke hører og ikke eter og ikke lukter.

29 Der skal I søke Herren din Gud, og du skal finne ham når du søker ham av alt ditt hjerte og av all din sjel.

30 Når du er i trengsel, og alle disse ting kommer over dig, i de siste dager, da skal du omvende dig til Herren din Gud og høre på hans røst.

31 For Herren din Gud er en barmhjertig Gud; han skal ikke slippe dig og ikke la dig gå til grunne; han skal ikke glemme den pakt med dine fedre som han tilsvor dem.

32 For spør bare om de fremfarne dager, som var før din tid, like fra den dag da Gud skapte menneskene på jorden, og spør fra den ene ende av himmelen til den andre om det er hendt eller hørt noget som er så stort som dette,

33 om noget folk har hørt Guds røst tale midt ut av ilden, således som du har gjort, og er blitt i live,

34 eller om Gud har prøvd på å komme og ta sig et folk midt ut av et annet folk ved prøvelser, ved tegn og undergjerninger og ved krig og med sterk hånd og utrakt arm og store, forferdelige gjerninger, således som du med egne øine har sett Herren eders Gud gjorde med eder i Egypten.

35 Du har fått se alt dette, forat du skal vite at Herren han er Gud, og ingen uten han alene.

36 Fra himmelen har han latt dig høre sin røst for å lære dig, og på jorden har han latt dig se sin store ild, og hans ord har du hørt midt ut av ilden.

37 Og fordi han elsket dine fedre og utvalgte deres efterkommere, så førte han dig selv med sin store kraft ut av Egypten

38 for å drive ut for dig større og sterkere folk enn du er, og føre dig inn og gi dig deres land til arv, som det kan sees på denne dag.

39 Så skal du da idag vite og ta dig det til hjerte at Herren han er Gud både i himmelen der oppe og på jorden her nede, han og ingen annen.

40 Og du skal ta vare på hans lover og hans bud, som jeg gir dig idag, forat det kan gå dig vel og dine barn efter dig, og forat du kan leve mange dager i det land Herren din Gud gir dig til evig eie.

41 På den tid skilte Moses ut tre byer på hin side Jordan, på østsiden,

42 forat en manndraper som hadde slått sin næste ihjel av vanvare og uten før å ha båret hat til ham, kunde fly dit - til en av disse byer - og redde livet;

43 det var Beser i ørkenen på sletten for rubenittene, og amot i Gilead for gadittene, og Golan i Basan for manassittene.

44 Og dette er den lov som Moses la frem for Israels barn;

45 dette er de vidnesbyrd og forskrifter og bud som Moses forkynte Israels barn da de var gått ut av Egypten,

46 på hin side* Jordan i dalen midt imot Bet-Peor, i det land som hadde tilhørt amorittenes konge Sihon, han som bodde i Hesbon, og som Moses og Israels barn slo da de var gått ut av Egypten; / {* østenfor. 5MO 1, 4.}

47 da inntok de både hans land og Basan-kongen Ogs land, begge amoritterkongenes land på hin side Jordan, på østsiden,

48 fra Aroer, som ligger ved bredden av Arnon-åen, til fjellet Sion, det er Hermon,

49 og hele ødemarken på hin side Jordan, på østsiden, like til Ødemarks-havet nedenfor Pisga-liene.

   

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Arcana Coelestia # 4197

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4197. 'And Laban said, This heap is a witness between me and you today; therefore he called its name Galeed' means that it will be so for ever - hence the nature of it is described a second time. This is clear from the meaning of 'a heap' as good, dealt with above in 4192, and from the meaning of 'a witness' as the confirmation of good by means of truth, and of truth derived from good, dealt with below; and from the meaning of 'today' as for ever, dealt with in 2838, 3998; and from the meaning of 'calling the name' as the essential nature, dealt with in 144, 145, 1754, 2009, 2724, 3421. The particular nature of that good is contained in the name Galeed; for in ancient times when a name was given to anything the name contained the essential nature of that thing, 340, 1946, 2643, 3422. From this one may see what is meant by 'Laban said, This heap is a witness between me and you today; therefore he called its name Galeed', namely this: A testimony that the good meant here by 'Laban' was joined to the Divine good of the Lord's Natural, and therefore that the Lord was joined to the gentiles through good, it being this good that 'Laban' represents now, 4189. The truths belonging to this good are what bear witness to that conjunction; but as long as gentiles are living in this world their good is 'out of line' because they do not possess Divine truths. Nevertheless although those who are governed by that good, that is, who lead charitable lives with one another, do not have Divine truths straight from the Divine source, that is, from the Word, the good they have is not closed up but such as can be opened. What is more, it is opened in the next life when they receive instruction there in the truths of faith, and about the Lord. With Christians it is different. With those of them who lead charitable lives with one another, more so with those who are governed by love to the Lord, good straight from the Divine source is present even while they live in this world because they are in possession of Divine truths. For this reason they enter heaven without undergoing such instruction, provided that their truths have not contained falsities which must first be dispelled. But Christians who have not led charitable lives close heaven against themselves, very many doing so to such an extent that it cannot be opened. For they know truths but deny them and also harden themselves against them, if not with the lips nevertheless in their hearts.

[2] Why Laban first of all called the heap Jegar Sahadutha, its name in his own language, and after that Galeed, its name in the Canaanite language, when in fact the two have practically the same meaning, is for the sake of a bringing together and thereby a joining together. Speaking in the language or 'lip' of Canaan means responding to what is Divine, for 'Canaan' means the Lord's kingdom, and in the highest sense the Lord, 1607, 3038, 3705, as is evident in Isaiah,

On that day there will be five cities in the land of Egypt which speak in the lip of Canaan and swear by Jehovah Zebaoth. On that day there will be an altar to Jehovah in the midst of the land of Egypt, and a pillar to Jehovah at its border; and it will be for a sign and a witness to Jehovah Zebaoth in the land of Egypt. Isaiah 19:18-20.

[3] The meaning of 'a witness' as the confirmation of good by means of truth, and of truth derived from good, and the consequent meaning of 'a testimony' as good in which truth is rooted, and truth which arises out of good, may be seen from other parts of the Word. 'A witness' is seen to mean the confirmation of good by means of truth, and of truth derived from good, from the following places: In Joshua,

Joshua said to the people, You are witnesses against yourselves that you have chosen Jehovah, to serve Him. And they said, We are witnesses. Then put away the foreigner's gods which are in the midst of you, and incline your heart to Jehovah the God of Israel. And the people said to Joshua, Jehovah our God we will serve, and His voice we will obey. And Joshua made a covenant with the people on that day, and set them a statute and a judgement in Shechem. And Joshua wrote these words in the book of the law of God; and he took a great stone and set it up there under the oak that was in the sanctuary of Jehovah. And Joshua said to all the people, Behold, this stone will be a witness to us, for it has heard all the words of Jehovah which He spoke to us; and it will be a witness to you, lest you deny your God. Joshua 24:22-27.

'A witness' in this passage clearly means a confirming - a confirming of the covenant and therefore of their being joined [to Jehovah]; for a covenant means a joining together, 665, 666, 1023, 1038, 1864, 1996, 2003, 2021. And since being joined to Jehovah or the Lord is not possible except through good, and since no good effecting that conjunction is possible apart from that which gains its true nature from truth, 'a witness' consequently means the confirmation of good by means of truth. The good meant in this passage consisted in being joined to Jehovah or the Lord, which came about through their choosing Him, to serve Him; and the truth by which it was confirmed was meant by 'the stone'; for 'a stone' means truth, see 643, 1298, 3720. In the highest sense 'the stone' is the Lord Himself since He is the source of all truth, and for that reason is also called 'the Stone of Israel' in Genesis 49:24, and in what is said here in Joshua, 'Behold, this stone will be a witness to us, for it has heard all the words of Jehovah which He spoke to us'.

[4] In John,

I will grant My two witnesses to prophesy 1260 days, clothed in sackcloth. The are the two olive trees and the two lampstands which are standing before the God of the earth. And if anyone wishes to harm them, fire will come out of their mouth and devour their enemies. These have power to shut heaven. But when they have finished their testimony, the beast that ascends from the abyss will make war with them and conquer them and kill them. But after three and a half days the spirit of life from God entered them, so that they stood up on their feet. Revelation 11:3-7, 11.

'The two witnesses' in this case are good and truth - that is, good in which truth is present and truth arising out of good - when both of these have been confirmed in people's hearts, as is evident from the statement that the two witnesses are the two olive trees and the two lampstands. For 'an olive tree' means that kind of good, see 886, and 'the two olive trees' stands for celestial good and for spiritual good. Celestial good is essentially love to the Lord, spiritual good is essentially charity towards the neighbour. 'The lampstands' are the truths that belong to those two kinds of good, as will be clear when, in the Lord's Divine mercy, the lampstands are the subject. And it is these - forms of goodness and truth - which have the power to close heaven or to open it; see the Preface to Chapter 22. 'The beast out of the abyss, which is hell, will kill them' means the vastation of good and truth within the Church, and 'the spirit of life from God entered them, so that they stood up on their feet' means a new Church.

[5] Just as heaps in ancient times were set up to serve as witnesses, so later on were altars, as is clear in Joshua,

The Reubenites and the Gadites said, See the replica of the altar of Jehovah which our fathers made, not for burnt offering or for sacrifice, but to be a witness between us and you. And the children of Reuben and the children of Gad called it The Altar - a witness between us that Jehovah is God. Joshua 22:28, 34.

'An altar' means the good of love, and in the highest sense the Lord Himself, 921, 2777, 2811. 'A witness' stands in the internal sense for the confirmation of good by means of truth.

[6] Since 'a witness' means the confirmation of good by means of truth, and of truth derived from good, 'a witness' in the highest sense therefore means the Lord, for He Himself is the Divine Truth that confirms, as in Isaiah,

I will make with you an eternal covenant, even the true mercies of David. Lo, I have given him as a witness to the peoples, a prince and teacher to the peoples. Isaiah 55:3-4.

In John,

And from Jesus Christ, who is the faithful witness, the firstborn from the dead, and the prince of the kings of the earth. Revelation 1:5.

In the same book,

These things says the faithful and true witness, the beginning of God's creation. Revelation 3:14.

[7] The requirement in the representative Church that the truth must always be established on the testimony of two or three witnesses, not on that of one, Numbers 35:30; Deuteronomy 17:6-7; 19:15; Matthew 18:16, originates in the Divine Law that one truth does not make good firm but many truths do so. For one truth unconnected to others does not confirm it only a number together, because from one truth it is possible to see another. One by itself does not give any form to good, and so does not manifest any essential quality possessed by good; but many in a connected series do so. For just as one musical note by itself does not constitute the melody, still less the full harmony, neither does one truth achieve anything. This is where the law requiring two or three witnesses originates, though to outward appearance it seems to have its origin in secular legislation. The one however is not contrary to the other, as is also the case with the Ten Commandments, dealt with in 2609.

[8] As regards 'a testimony' meaning good in which truth is rooted, and truth which arises out of good, this follows from what has just been said. It is also clear from the fact that the Ten Commandments written on tablets of stone are referred to by the single expression 'the Testimony', as in Moses,

Jehovah gave Moses, when He had finished speaking to him on Mount Sinai, the two tablets of the Testimony, tablets of stone, written with the finger of God. Exodus 31:18.

In the same author,

Moses came down from the mountain, and the two tablets of the Testimony were in his hand; the tablets were written from the two sides of it. Exodus 32:15.

And because those tablets were placed inside the Ark, the Ark is called 'the Ark of the Testimony'; in Moses,

Jehovah said to Moses, You shall put into the Ark the Testimony which I shall give to you. Exodus 25:16, 21.

Moses took the Testimony and put it into the Ark. Exodus 40:20.

In the same author,

I will meet you, and talk to you from above the Mercy-seat, from between the two cherubs which are over the Ark of the Testimony. Exodus 25:22.

In the same author,

The cloud of incense covers the Mercy-seat which is over the Testimony. Leviticus 16:13.

In the same author,

The rods of the twelve tribes were left in the Tent of Meeting, in front of the Testimony. Numbers 17:4.

For evidence that the Ark was also called the Ark of the Testimony, see in addition to Exodus 25:22 quoted above, Exodus 31:7; Revelation 15:5.

[9] The Ten Commandments therefore were called the Testimony because they were the conditions of the covenant and so the conditions whereby God and man were joined to each other. But that joining to each other is not possible unless man keeps those commandments not only in their external form but also in their internal. What the internal form of those commandments is, see 2609; consequently it is good made firm by means of truth, and truth derived from good, that are meant by 'the Testimony'. And this being so, the tablets were also called 'the Tablets of the Covenant', and the Ark 'the Ark of the Covenant'. From this one may now see what is meant in the Word by 'the Testimony' in the genuine sense, for example in Deuteronomy 4:45; 6:17, 20; Isaiah 8:16; 2 Kings 17:15; Psalms 19:7; 25:10; 78:5, 56; 93:5; 119:2, 22, 24, 59, 79, 88, 138, 167; 122:4; Revelation 6:9; 12:17; 19:10.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.