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Leviticus 23

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1 και ειπεν κυριος προς μωυσην λεγων

2 λαλησον τοις υιοις ισραηλ και ερεις προς αυτους αι εορται κυριου ας καλεσετε αυτας κλητας αγιας αυται εισιν εορται μου

3 εξ ημερας ποιησεις εργα και τη ημερα τη εβδομη σαββατα αναπαυσις κλητη αγια τω κυριω παν εργον ου ποιησεις σαββατα εστιν τω κυριω εν παση κατοικια υμων

4 αυται αι εορται τω κυριω κληται αγιαι ας καλεσετε αυτας εν τοις καιροις αυτων

5 εν τω πρωτω μηνι εν τη τεσσαρεσκαιδεκατη ημερα του μηνος ανα μεσον των εσπερινων πασχα τω κυριω

6 και εν τη πεντεκαιδεκατη ημερα του μηνος τουτου εορτη των αζυμων τω κυριω επτα ημερας αζυμα εδεσθε

7 και η ημερα η πρωτη κλητη αγια εσται υμιν παν εργον λατρευτον ου ποιησετε

8 και προσαξετε ολοκαυτωματα τω κυριω επτα ημερας και η εβδομη ημερα κλητη αγια εσται υμιν παν εργον λατρευτον ου ποιησετε

9 και ελαλησεν κυριος προς μωυσην λεγων

10 ειπον τοις υιοις ισραηλ και ερεις προς αυτους οταν εισελθητε εις την γην ην εγω διδωμι υμιν και θεριζητε τον θερισμον αυτης και οισετε δραγμα απαρχην του θερισμου υμων προς τον ιερεα

11 και ανοισει το δραγμα εναντι κυριου δεκτον υμιν τη επαυριον της πρωτης ανοισει αυτο ο ιερευς

12 και ποιησετε εν τη ημερα εν η αν φερητε το δραγμα προβατον αμωμον ενιαυσιον εις ολοκαυτωμα τω κυριω

13 και την θυσιαν αυτου δυο δεκατα σεμιδαλεως αναπεποιημενης εν ελαιω θυσια τω κυριω οσμη ευωδιας κυριω και σπονδην αυτου το τεταρτον του ιν οινου

14 και αρτον και πεφρυγμενα χιδρα νεα ου φαγεσθε εως εις αυτην την ημεραν ταυτην εως αν προσενεγκητε υμεις τα δωρα τω θεω υμων νομιμον αιωνιον εις τας γενεας υμων εν παση κατοικια υμων

15 και αριθμησετε υμεις απο της επαυριον των σαββατων απο της ημερας ης αν προσενεγκητε το δραγμα του επιθεματος επτα εβδομαδας ολοκληρους

16 εως της επαυριον της εσχατης εβδομαδος αριθμησετε πεντηκοντα ημερας και προσοισετε θυσιαν νεαν τω κυριω

17 απο της κατοικιας υμων προσοισετε αρτους επιθεμα δυο αρτους εκ δυο δεκατων σεμιδαλεως εσονται εζυμωμενοι πεφθησονται πρωτογενηματων τω κυριω

18 και προσαξετε μετα των αρτων επτα αμνους αμωμους ενιαυσιους και μοσχον ενα εκ βουκολιου και κριους δυο αμωμους εσονται ολοκαυτωμα τω κυριω και αι θυσιαι αυτων και αι σπονδαι αυτων θυσιαν οσμην ευωδιας τω κυριω

19 και ποιησουσιν χιμαρον εξ αιγων ενα περι αμαρτιας και δυο αμνους ενιαυσιους εις θυσιαν σωτηριου μετα των αρτων του πρωτογενηματος

20 και επιθησει αυτα ο ιερευς μετα των αρτων του πρωτογενηματος επιθεμα εναντι κυριου μετα των δυο αμνων αγια εσονται τω κυριω τω ιερει τω προσφεροντι αυτα αυτω εσται

21 και καλεσετε ταυτην την ημεραν κλητην αγια εσται υμιν παν εργον λατρευτον ου ποιησετε εν αυτη νομιμον αιωνιον εις τας γενεας υμων εν παση τη κατοικια υμων

22 και οταν θεριζητε τον θερισμον της γης υμων ου συντελεσετε το λοιπον του θερισμου του αγρου σου εν τω θεριζειν σε και τα αποπιπτοντα του θερισμου σου ου συλλεξεις τω πτωχω και τω προσηλυτω υπολειψη αυτα εγω κυριος ο θεος υμων

23 και ελαλησεν κυριος προς μωυσην λεγων

24 λαλησον τοις υιοις ισραηλ λεγων του μηνος του εβδομου μια του μηνος εσται υμιν αναπαυσις μνημοσυνον σαλπιγγων κλητη αγια εσται υμιν

25 παν εργον λατρευτον ου ποιησετε και προσαξετε ολοκαυτωμα κυριω

26 και ελαλησεν κυριος προς μωυσην λεγων

27 και τη δεκατη του μηνος του εβδομου τουτου ημερα εξιλασμου κλητη αγια εσται υμιν και ταπεινωσετε τας ψυχας υμων και προσαξετε ολοκαυτωμα τω κυριω

28 παν εργον ου ποιησετε εν αυτη τη ημερα ταυτη εστιν γαρ ημερα εξιλασμου αυτη υμιν εξιλασασθαι περι υμων εναντι κυριου του θεου υμων

29 πασα ψυχη ητις μη ταπεινωθησεται εν αυτη τη ημερα ταυτη εξολεθρευθησεται εκ του λαου αυτης

30 και πασα ψυχη ητις ποιησει εργον εν αυτη τη ημερα ταυτη απολειται η ψυχη εκεινη εκ του λαου αυτης

31 παν εργον ου ποιησετε νομιμον αιωνιον εις τας γενεας υμων εν πασαις κατοικιαις υμων

32 σαββατα σαββατων εσται υμιν και ταπεινωσετε τας ψυχας υμων απο ενατης του μηνος απο εσπερας εως εσπερας σαββατιειτε τα σαββατα υμων

33 και ελαλησεν κυριος προς μωυσην λεγων

34 λαλησον τοις υιοις ισραηλ λεγων τη πεντεκαιδεκατη του μηνος του εβδομου τουτου εορτη σκηνων επτα ημερας τω κυριω

35 και η ημερα η πρωτη κλητη αγια παν εργον λατρευτον ου ποιησετε

36 επτα ημερας προσαξετε ολοκαυτωματα τω κυριω και η ημερα η ογδοη κλητη αγια εσται υμιν και προσαξετε ολοκαυτωματα τω κυριω εξοδιον εστιν παν εργον λατρευτον ου ποιησετε

37 αυται αι εορται κυριω ας καλεσετε κλητας αγιας ωστε προσενεγκαι καρπωματα τω κυριω ολοκαυτωματα και θυσιας αυτων και σπονδας αυτων το καθ' ημεραν εις ημεραν

38 πλην των σαββατων κυριου και πλην των δοματων υμων και πλην πασων των ευχων υμων και πλην των εκουσιων υμων α αν δωτε τω κυριω

39 και εν τη πεντεκαιδεκατη ημερα του μηνος του εβδομου τουτου οταν συντελεσητε τα γενηματα της γης εορτασετε τω κυριω επτα ημερας τη ημερα τη πρωτη αναπαυσις και τη ημερα τη ογδοη αναπαυσις

40 και λημψεσθε τη ημερα τη πρωτη καρπον ξυλου ωραιον και καλλυνθρα φοινικων και κλαδους ξυλου δασεις και ιτεας και αγνου κλαδους εκ χειμαρρου ευφρανθηναι εναντι κυριου του θεου υμων επτα ημερας

41 του ενιαυτου νομιμον αιωνιον εις τας γενεας υμων εν τω μηνι τω εβδομω εορτασετε αυτην

42 εν σκηναις κατοικησετε επτα ημερας πας ο αυτοχθων εν ισραηλ κατοικησει εν σκηναις

43 οπως ιδωσιν αι γενεαι υμων οτι εν σκηναις κατωκισα τους υιους ισραηλ εν τω εξαγαγειν με αυτους εκ γης αιγυπτου εγω κυριος ο θεος υμων

44 και ελαλησεν μωυσης τας εορτας κυριου τοις υιοις ισραηλ

   

Komentář

 

Explanation of Leviticus 23

Napsal(a) Henry MacLagan

On the successive states of the regenerate life in general, involving states of conflict against evil succeeded by states of rest.

The first subordinate state is one of deliverance from evil, involving the interior reception of truth conjoined with good, purification, and the arrangement of truths under good. Verses 4-8.

The second subordinate state is that of the implantation of truth in good. Verses 9-22.

Concerning revelation in consequence. Verses 23-25.

Also concerning the plenary removal of evil in consequence. Verses 26-32.

The third subordinate state is that of the implantation of good, involving gladness and joy of heart in all completeness and holiness, with states of peace and rest from the lowest principles to the highest, which are perpetually renewed. Verses 33-34.

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Arcana Coelestia # 2342

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2342. 'And he baked unleavened bread' means purification. This is clear from the meaning of 'unleavened' or without yeast. In the Word 'bread' means in general every celestial and spiritual food, and so in general everything celestial and spiritual, see 276, 680, 1798, 2165, 2177. The need for the latter to be free of all impurities or unholiness was represented by 'unleavened bread'; for 'yeast' means the evil and falsity by means of which celestial and spiritual things are rendered impure and profane. On account of this representation those who belonged to the representative Church were forbidden in sacrifices to offer any bread or minchah other than bread without yeast, that is, unleavened, as is clear in Moses,

Every minchah which you bring to Jehovah shall be made without yeast. Leviticus 2:11. In the same author,

You shall not sacrifice the blood of My sacrifice with that made with yeast. Exodus 23:18; 34:25.

[2] They were also forbidden therefore to eat any other bread during the seven days of the Passover than bread without yeast, that is, which was unleavened. This prohibition occurs in the following verses in Moses,

For seven days you shall eat unleavened bread; even on the first day you shall remove yeast from your houses, for anyone eating that made with yeast, that soul shall be cut off from Israel, from the first day until the seventh. In the first [month], on the fourteenth day of the month, in the evening, you shall eat unleavened bread until the twenty-first day of the month, in the evening. For seven days no yeast shall be found in your houses, for anyone eating that made with yeast, that soul shall be cut off from the congregation of Israel, whether a settler or one born in the land. Exodus 12:15, 19-20.

The same prohibition appears in other places as well, such as Exodus 13:6-7; 23:15; 34:18; Deuteronomy 16:3-4. Consequently the Passover is called the Feast of Unleavened Bread, Leviticus 23:6; Numbers 28:16-17; Matthew 26:17; Luke 22:1, 7.

[3] That the Passover represented the glorification of the Lord and so the conjunction of the Divine with the human race will in the Lord's Divine mercy be shown elsewhere. And because the conjunction of the Lord with the human race is effected by means of love and charity, and by means of the faith deriving from these, celestial and spiritual things were represented by the unleavened bread which they were to eat each day during the Passover. Consequently to prevent the defilement of those things by anything unholy they were strictly forbidden to eat anything made with yeast, so strictly that any who did so were to be cut off; for those who profane celestial and spiritual things inevitably perish. Anyone may see that but for this arcanum within it that observance, together with so harsh a penalty, would never have been introduced.

[4] Everything that was commanded in that Church represented some arcanum, even the actual cooking, as with every instruction which the children of Israel carried out when they were leaving Egypt, namely that they were to eat that night flesh roasted by fire, and unleavened bread on bitter herbs; they were not to eat it raw or cooked in water; the head had to be on its legs; they were to let none of it remain until the morning; they were to burn what was left over with fire, Exodus 12:8-10. Every detail of these instructions was representative - eating it at night; flesh roasted by fire; unleavened bread on bitter herbs; the head on the legs; not raw; not cooked in water; not leaving any until the morning; and burning what was left with fire. But the arcana represented are in no way apparent unless they are disclosed by means of the internal sense. That sense alone shows that all these details are Divine.

[5] Something similar was done in the ritual for the taking of a Nazirite vow. The priest was to take the cooked shoulder of the ram, and one unleavened cake from the basket, and one unleavened wafer, and he was to place them on the palms of the Nazirite after he had shaved his consecrated head, Numbers 6:19. Anyone who does not know that a Nazirite represented the celestial man himself does not know either that every detail of these instructions embodies celestial things, and so arcana, which are not apparent in the letter, namely the instructions to take the cooked shoulder of a ram, an unleavened cake, an unleavened wafer, and to shave off his hair. This also shows what kind of opinion regarding the Word can be gained by people who do not believe in the existence of an internal sense, for without the internal sense such details are of no consequence at all. But when the ceremonial or ritualistic element has been stripped away everything becomes Divine and holy. Everything else has a deeper meaning, as does 'unleavened bread' which means the holiness of love, or what is most holy, as it is also called in Moses,

The unleavened bread that was left over was to be eaten by Aaron and his sons in a holy place, for it was most holy. Leviticus 6:16-17.

'Unleavened bread' therefore means pure love, and 'the baking of that which is unleavened' purification.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.