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Judges 10

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1 και-C αναιστημι-VHI-AAI3S μετα-P *αβιμελεχ-N---ASM ο- A--GSN σωζω-VA--AAN ο- A--ASM *ισραηλ-N---ASM *θωλα-N---NSM υιος-N2--NSM *φουα-N---GSM υιος-N2--NSM πατραδελφος-N2--GSM αυτος- D--GSM ανηρ-N3--NSM *ισσαχαρ-N---NSM και-C αυτος- D--NSM οικεω-V2I-IAI3S εν-P *σαμιρ-N---DSF εν-P ορος-N3E-DSN *εφραιμ-N---GSM

2 και-C κρινω-VAI-AAI3S ο- A--ASM *ισραηλ-N---ASM εικοσι-M τρεις-A3--APN ετος-N3E-APN και-C αποθνησκω-VBI-AAI3S και-C θαπτω-VDI-API3S εν-P *σαμιρ-N---DSF

3 και-C αναιστημι-VHI-AAI3S μετα-P αυτος- D--ASM *ιαιρ-N---NSM ο- A--NSM *γαλααδ-N---NSM και-C κρινω-VAI-AAI3S ο- A--ASM *ισραηλ-N---ASM εικοσι-M δυο-M ετος-N3E-APN

4 και-C ειμι-V9--IAI3P αυτος- D--DSM τριακοντα-M και-C δυο-M υιος-N2--NPM επιβαινω-V1--PAPNPM επι-P τριακοντα-M δυο-M πωλος-N2--NPM και-C τριακοντα-M δυο-M πολις-N3I-NPF αυτος- D--DPM και-C καλεω-V2I-IAI3P αυτος- D--APF επαυλις-N3I-APF *ιαιρ-N---GSM εως-P ο- A--GSF ημερα-N1A-GSF ουτος- D--GSF εν-P γη-N1--DSF *γαλααδ-N---GSM

5 και-C αποθνησκω-VBI-AAI3S *ιαιρ-N---NSM και-C θαπτω-VDI-API3S εν-P *ραμνων-N---DSF

6 και-C προςτιθημι-VEI-AMI3P ο- A--NPM υιος-N2--NPM *ισραηλ-N---GSM ποιεω-VA--AAN ο- A--ASN πονηρος-A1A-ASM ενωπιον-P κυριος-N2--GSM και-C δουλευω-VAI-AAI3P ο- A--DPM *βααλιμ-N---DPM και-C ο- A--DPF *ασταρωθ-N---DPF και-C ο- A--DPM θεος-N2--DPM *αραδ-N---GSF και-C ο- A--DPM θεος-N2--DPM *σιδων-N3W-GSM και-C ο- A--DPM θεος-N2--DPM *μωαβ-N---GSF και-C ο- A--DPM θεος-N2--DPM υιος-N2--GPM *αμμων-N---GSM και-C ο- A--DPM θεος-N2--DPM *φυλιστιιμ-N---GPM και-C εν καταλειπω-VBI-AAI3P ο- A--ASM κυριος-N2--ASM και-C ου-D δουλευω-VAI-AAI3P αυτος- D--DSM

7 και-C οργιζω-VSI-API3S θυμος-N2--DSM κυριος-N2--NSM εν-P *ισραηλ-N---DSM και-C αποδιδωμι-VOI-AMI3S αυτος- D--APM εν-P χειρ-N3--DSF *φυλιστιιμ-N---GPM και-C εν-P χειρ-N3--DSF υιος-N2--GPM *αμμων-N---GSM

8 και-C θλιβω-VAI-AAI3P και-C θλαω-VAI-AAI3P ο- A--APM υιος-N2--APM *ισραηλ-N---GSM εν-P ο- A--DSM καιρος-N2--DSM εκεινος- D--DSM δεκα-M οκτω-M ετος-N3E-APN ο- A--APM πας-A3--APM υιος-N2--APM *ισραηλ-N---GSM ο- A--APM εν-P ο- A--DSM περαν-P ο- A--GSM *ιορδανης-N1M-GSM εν-P γη-N1--DSF ο- A--GSM *αμορρι-N---GSM ο- A--GSM εν-P *γαλααδ-N---DSM

9 και-C διαβαινω-VZI-AAI3P ο- A--NPM υιος-N2--NPM *αμμων-N---GSM ο- A--ASM *ιορδανης-N1M-ASM παρατασσω-VA--AMN προς-P *ιουδας-N1T-ASM και-C *βενιαμιν-N---ASM και-C προς-P *εφραιμ-N---ASM και-C θλιβω-VVI-API3S *ισραηλ-N---GSM σφοδρα-D

10 και-C βοαω-VAI-AAI3P ο- A--NPM υιος-N2--NPM *ισραηλ-N---GSM προς-P κυριος-N2--ASM λεγω-V1--PAPNPM αμαρτανω-VBI-AAI1P συ- P--DS οτι-C εν καταλειπω-VBI-AAI1P ο- A--ASM θεος-N2--ASM και-C δουλευω-VAI-AAI1P ο- A--DSM *βααλιμ-N---DPM

11 και-C ειπον-VBI-AAI3S κυριος-N2--NSM προς-P ο- A--APM υιος-N2--APM *ισραηλ-N---GSM μη-D ου-D εκ-P *αιγυπτος-N2--GSF και-C απο-P ο- A--GSM *αμορραιος-N2--GSM και-C απο-P υιος-N2--GPM *αμμων-N---GSM και-C απο-P *φυλιστιιμ-N---GPM

12 και-C *σιδωνιος-N2--GPM και-C *αμαληκ-N---GSM και-C *μαδιαμ-N---GSF ος- --NPM θλιβω-VAI-AAI3P συ- P--AP και-C βοαω-VAI-AAI2P προς-P εγω- P--AS και-C σωζω-VAI-AAI1S συ- P--AP εκ-P χειρ-N3--GSF αυτος- D--GPM

13 και-C συ- P--NP εν καταλειπω-VBI-AAI2P εγω- P--AS και-C δουλευω-VAI-AAI2P θεος-N2--DPM ετερος-A1A-DPM δια-P ουτος- D--ASN ου-D προςτιθημι-VF--FAI1S ο- A--GSN σωζω-VA--AAN συ- P--AP

14 πορευομαι-V1--PMD2P και-C βοαω-VA--AAD2P προς-P ο- A--APM θεος-N2--APM ος- --APM εκλεγω-VAI-AMI2P εαυτου- D--DPM και-C αυτος- D--NPM σωζω-VA--AAD3P συ- P--AP εν-P καιρος-N2--DSM θλιψις-N3I-GSF συ- P--GP

15 και-C ειπον-VAI-AAI3P ο- A--NPM υιος-N2--NPM *ισραηλ-N---GSM προς-P κυριος-N2--ASM αμαρτανω-VBI-AAI1P ποιεω-VA--AAD2S συ- P--NS εγω- P--DP κατα-P πας-A3--ASN ο- A--ASN αγαθος-A1--ASN εν-P οφθαλμος-N2--DPM συ- P--GS πλην-D εκαιρεω-VB--AMD2S εγω- P--AP εν-P ο- A--DSF ημερα-N1A-DSF ουτος- D--DSF

16 και-C εκκλινω-VAI-AAI3P ο- A--APM θεος-N2--APM ο- A--APM αλλοτριος-A1A-APM εκ-P μεσος-A1--GSM αυτος- D--GPM και-C δουλευω-VAI-AAI3P ο- A--DSM κυριος-N2--DSM μονος-A1--DSM και-C ολιγοω-VCI-API3S ο- A--NSF ψυχη-N1--NSF αυτος- D--GSM εν-P κοπος-N2--DSM *ισραηλ-N---GSM

17 και-C αναβαινω-VZI-AAI3P ο- A--NPM υιος-N2--NPM *αμμων-N---GSM και-C παρα ενβαλλω-VBI-AAI3P εν-P *γαλααδ-N---DSM και-C συναγω-VQI-API3P ο- A--NPM υιος-N2--NPM *ισραηλ-N---GSM και-C παρα ενβαλλω-VBI-AAI3P εν-P ο- A--DSF σκοπια-N1A-DSF

18 και-C ειπον-VBI-AAI3P ο- A--NSM λαος-N2--NSM ο- A--NPM αρχων-N3--NPM *γαλααδ-N---GSM ανηρ-N3--NSM προς-P ο- A--ASM πλησιον-D αυτος- D--GSM τις- I--NSM ο- A--NSM ανηρ-N3--NSM οστις- X--NSM αν-X αρχω-VA--AMS3S παρατασσω-VA--AMN προς-P υιος-N2--APM *αμμων-N---GSM και-C ειμι-VF--FMI3S εις-P αρχων-N3--ASM πας-A3--DPM ο- A--DPM καταοικεω-V2--PAPDPM *γαλααδ-N---DSM

   

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Exploring the Meaning of Judges 10

Napsal(a) New Christian Bible Study Staff, Julian Duckworth

Judges 10: Tola, Jair; Israel oppressed again.

This chapter opens by mentioning the judges Tola and Jair, who judged for twenty-three years and twenty-two years, respectively. The text gives us very little information about them, except that Jair had thirty sons, who rode on thirty donkeys and had thirty cities in the land of Gilead.

After Jair died, the people soon disobeyed the Lord, and worshipped the gods of Syria, Sidon, Moab, Philistia, and Ammon. This provoked the Lord’s anger, so He caused the Philistines and Ammonites to oppress Israel. The Ammonites first attacked the two-and-a-half tribes living on the eastern side of the Jordan, then crossed the river to attack Judah, Benjamin and Ephraim.

The people cried out to the Lord, saying that they had forsaken Him, but He told them to go to the other gods they had chosen. However, the people asked again for forgiveness, stopped worshipping foreign gods, and turned back to the Lord, so His anger toward them subsided.

*****

This chapter describes another episode in Israel’s cycle of disobedience and punishment, in which the people repeatedly turn away from the Lord when there is no leader. No matter how often we affirm our faith in the Lord, we, too, will default to our natural desires and false thinking. As we come to recognize and accept this fact of life, we can find comfort in the Lord. He understands this completely, and does not blame or punish us.

The first judge mentioned is Tola. His name means “a worm-like grub”, suggesting the idea of metamorphosis and regeneration (see Swedenborg’s work, True Christian Religion 106[2]). Tola’s father was Puah (meaning “shining”), his grandfather was Dodo (meaning “amorous, loving”), and their city was Shamir (which means “keeping the commandment”). These names bring to mind the spiritual qualities of truth, love and life in the Lord (see Swedenborg’s work, Arcana Caelestia 977).

The next judge is Jair, whose name means ”he whom God enlightens”. The number thirty (used in reference to his thirty sons and their thirty towns) means fullness or readiness. This readiness refers to our spiritual ‘remains’, or states of innocence and charity that the Lord imparts to us during childhood. These remains are essential during regeneration (Arcana Caelestia 1050).

The Philistines, soon to be a major enemy of Israel, stand for the belief in “faith alone” salvation. This way of thinking instills the idea that we will be saved if we “believe in the Lord”, regardless of our actions. “Faith alone” doctrine is present in many religious practices (see Swedenborg’s work, Doctrine of Life 4).

The people of Ammon stand for profaning what is true, by turning the truths of the Word into false ideas. We profane the truth when we claim to know what the Word teaches, but live in a way that is contrary to the Lord’s commandments (Arcana Caelestia 6348[3]).

This chapter, like many others in the book of Judges, shows Israel’s decline into chaos and evil. The two judges, Tola and Jair, provide a picture of spiritual integrity, in contrast with Israel’s oppression by the very evils they have turned to. In our regeneration, with its highs and lows, we must avoid the temptation of shallow faith by acting according to our values.

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Judges 11

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1 Now Jephthah the Gileadite was a mighty man of valor, and he was the son of a prostitute: and Gilead became the father of Jephthah.

2 Gilead's wife bore him sons; and when his wife's sons grew up, they drove out Jephthah, and said to him, "You shall not inherit in our father's house; for you are the son of another woman."

3 Then Jephthah fled from his brothers, and lived in the land of Tob: and there were gathered vain fellows to Jephthah, and they went out with him.

4 It happened after a while, that the children of Ammon made war against Israel.

5 It was so, that when the children of Ammon made war against Israel, the elders of Gilead went to get Jephthah out of the land of Tob;

6 and they said to Jephthah, "Come and be our chief, that we may fight with the children of Ammon."

7 Jephthah said to the elders of Gilead, "Didn't you hate me, and drive me out of my father's house? Why have you come to me now when you are in distress?"

8 The elders of Gilead said to Jephthah, "Therefore we have turned again to you now, that you may go with us, and fight with the children of Ammon; and you shall be our head over all the inhabitants of Gilead."

9 Jephthah said to the elders of Gilead, "If you bring me home again to fight with the children of Ammon, and Yahweh deliver them before me, shall I be your head?"

10 The elders of Gilead said to Jephthah, "Yahweh shall be witness between us; surely according to your word so will we do."

11 Then Jephthah went with the elders of Gilead, and the people made him head and chief over them: and Jephthah spoke all his words before Yahweh in Mizpah.

12 Jephthah sent messengers to the king of the children of Ammon, saying, "What have you to do with me, that you have come to me to fight against my land?"

13 The king of the children of Ammon answered to the messengers of Jephthah, "Because Israel took away my land, when he came up out of Egypt, from the Arnon even to the Jabbok, and to the Jordan: now therefore restore those [lands] again peaceably."

14 Jephthah sent messengers again to the king of the children of Ammon;

15 and he said to him, "Thus says Jephthah: Israel didn't take away the land of Moab, nor the land of the children of Ammon,

16 but when they came up from Egypt, and Israel went through the wilderness to the Red Sea, and came to Kadesh;

17 then Israel sent messengers to the king of Edom, saying, 'Please let me pass through your land;' but the king of Edom didn't listen. In the same way, he sent to the king of Moab; but he would not: and Israel stayed in Kadesh.

18 Then they went through the wilderness, and went around the land of Edom, and the land of Moab, and came by the east side of the land of Moab, and they encamped on the other side of the Arnon; but they didn't come within the border of Moab, for the Arnon was the border of Moab.

19 Israel sent messengers to Sihon king of the Amorites, the king of Heshbon; and Israel said to him, 'Please let us pass through your land to my place.'

20 But Sihon didn't trust Israel to pass through his border; but Sihon gathered all his people together, and encamped in Jahaz, and fought against Israel.

21 Yahweh, the God of Israel, delivered Sihon and all his people into the hand of Israel, and they struck them: so Israel possessed all the land of the Amorites, the inhabitants of that country.

22 They possessed all the border of the Amorites, from the Arnon even to the Jabbok, and from the wilderness even to the Jordan.

23 So now Yahweh, the God of Israel, has dispossessed the Amorites from before his people Israel, and should you possess them?

24 Won't you possess that which Chemosh your god gives you to possess? So whoever Yahweh our god has dispossessed from before us, them will we possess.

25 Now are you anything better than Balak the son of Zippor, king of Moab? Did he ever strive against Israel, or did he ever fight against them?

26 While Israel lived in Heshbon and its towns, and in Aroer and its towns, and in all the cities that are along by the side of the Arnon, three hundred years; why didn't you recover them within that time?

27 I therefore have not sinned against you, but you do me wrong to war against me. Yahweh, the Judge, be Judge this day between the children of Israel and the children of Ammon."

28 However the king of the children of Ammon didn't listen to the words of Jephthah which he sent him.

29 Then the Spirit of Yahweh came on Jephthah, and he passed over Gilead and Manasseh, and passed over Mizpeh of Gilead, and from Mizpeh of Gilead he passed over to the children of Ammon.

30 Jephthah vowed a vow to Yahweh, and said, "If you will indeed deliver the children of Ammon into my hand,

31 then it shall be, that whatever comes forth from the doors of my house to meet me, when I return in peace from the children of Ammon, it shall be Yahweh's, and I will offer it up for a burnt offering."

32 So Jephthah passed over to the children of Ammon to fight against them; and Yahweh delivered them into his hand.

33 He struck them from Aroer until you come to Minnith, even twenty cities, and to Abelcheramim, with a very great slaughter. So the children of Ammon were subdued before the children of Israel.

34 Jephthah came to Mizpah to his house; and behold, his daughter came out to meet him with tambourines and with dances: and she was his only child; besides her he had neither son nor daughter.

35 It happened, when he saw her, that he tore his clothes, and said, "Alas, my daughter! You have brought me very low, and you are one of those who trouble me; for I have opened my mouth to Yahweh, and I can't go back."

36 She said to him, "My father, you have opened your mouth to Yahweh; do to me according to that which has proceeded out of your mouth, because Yahweh has taken vengeance for you on your enemies, even on the children of Ammon."

37 She said to her father, "Let this thing be done for me: let me alone two months, that I may depart and go down on the mountains, and bewail my virginity, I and my companions."

38 He said, "Go." He sent her away for two months: and she departed, she and her companions, and mourned her virginity on the mountains.

39 It happened at the end of two months, that she returned to her father, who did with her according to his vow which he had vowed: and she was a virgin. It was a custom in Israel,

40 that the daughters of Israel went yearly to celebrate the daughter of Jephthah the Gileadite four days in a year.