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Deuteronomy 1

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1 ουτος- D--NPM ο- A--NPM λογος-N2--NPM ος- --APM λαλεω-VAI-AAI3S *μωυσης-N1M-NSM πας-A3--DSM *ισραηλ-N---DSM περαν-D ο- A--GSM *ιορδανης-N1M-GSM εν-P ο- A--DSF ερημος-N2--DSF προς-P δυσμη-N1--DPF πλησιον-D ο- A--GSF ερυθρος-A1A-GSF ανα-P μεσος-A1--ASM *φαραν-N---GS *τοφολ-N---GS και-C *λοβον-N---GS και-C *αυλων-N---GS και-C καταχρυσεα-N

2 ενδεκα-M ημερα-N1A-GPF εν-P *χωρηβ-N---DSF οδος-N2--NSF επι-P ορος-N3E-ASN *σηιρ-N---GSN εως-P *καδης-N---GS *βαρνη-N---GS

3 και-C γιγνομαι-VCI-API3S εν-P ο- A--DSN τεσσαρακοστος-A1--DSN ετος-N3E-DSN εν-P ο- A--DSM ενδεκατος-A1--DSM μην-N3--DSM εις-A1A-DSF ο- A--GSM μην-N3--GSM λαλεω-VAI-AAI3S *μωυσης-N1M-NSM προς-P πας-A3--APM υιος-N2--APM *ισραηλ-N---GSM κατα-P πας-A3--APN οσος-A1--APN εντελλομαι-VAI-AMI3S κυριος-N2--NSM αυτος- D--DSM προς-P αυτος- D--APM

4 μετα-P ο- A--ASN πατασσω-VA--AAN *σηων-N---ASM βασιλευς-N3V-ASM *αμορραιος-N2--GPM ο- A--ASM καταοικεω-VA--AAPASM εν-P *εσεβων-N---DS και-C *ωγ-N---ASM βασιλευς-N3V-ASM ο- A--GSF *βασαν-N---GS ο- A--ASM καταοικεω-VA--AAPASM εν-P *ασταρωθ-N---DS και-C εν-P *εδραιν-N---DS

5 εν-P ο- A--DSN περαν-D ο- A--GSM *ιορδανης-N1M-GSM εν-P γη-N1--DSF *μωαβ-N---GS αρχω-VAI-AMI3S *μωυσης-N1M-NSM διασαφεω-VA--AAN ο- A--ASM νομος-N2--ASM ουτος- D--ASM λεγω-V1--PAPNSM

6 κυριος-N2--NSM ο- A--NSM θεος-N2--NSM εγω- P--GP λαλεω-VAI-AAI3S εγω- P--DP εν-P *χωρηβ-N---DSF λεγω-V1--PAPNSM ικανοω-V4--PMD3S συ- P--DP καταοικεω-V2--PAN εν-P ο- A--DSN ορος-N3E-DSN ουτος- D--DSN

7 επιστρεφω-VD--APD2P και-C αποαιρω-VA--AAD2P συ- P--NP και-C ειςπορευομαι-V1--PMD2P εις-P ορος-N3E-ASN *αμορραιος-N2--GPM και-C προς-P πας-A3--APM ο- A--APM περιοικος-A1B-APM *αραβα-N---GSF εις-P ορος-N3E-ASN και-C πεδιον-N2N-ASN και-C προς-P λιψ-N3B-ASM και-C παραλιος-A1A-ASF γη-N1--ASF *χαναναιος-N2--GPM και-C *αντιλιβανος-N2--ASM εως-P ο- A--GSM ποταμος-N2--GSM ο- A--GSM μεγας-A1--GSM *ευφρατης-N1M-GSM

8 οραω-VB--AAD2P παραδιδωμι-VX--XAI1S ενωπιον-P συ- P--GP ο- A--ASF γη-N1--ASF ειςπορευομαι-VC--APPNPM κληρονομεω-VA--AAD2P ο- A--ASF γη-N1--ASF ος- --ASF ομνυμι-VAI-AAI1S ο- A--DPM πατηρ-N3--DPM συ- P--GP ο- A--DSM *αβρααμ-N---DSM και-C *ισαακ-N---DSM και-C *ιακωβ-N---DSM διδωμι-VO--AAN αυτος- D--DPM και-C ο- A--DSN σπερμα-N3M-DSN αυτος- D--GPM μετα-P αυτος- D--APM

9 και-C ειπον-VAI-AAI1S προς-P συ- P--AP εν-P ο- A--DSM καιρος-N2--DSM εκεινος- D--DSM λεγω-V1--PAPNSM ου-D δυναμαι-VF--FMI1S μονος-A1--NSM φερω-V1--PAN συ- P--AP

10 κυριος-N2--NSM ο- A--NSM θεος-N2--NSM συ- P--GP πληθυνω-VAI-AAI3S συ- P--AP και-C ιδου-I ειμι-V9--PAI2P σημερον-D ωσει-D ο- A--APN αστρον-N2N-APN ο- A--GSM ουρανος-N2--GSM ο- A--DSN πληθος-N3E-DSN

11 κυριος-N2--NSM ο- A--NSM θεος-N2--NSM ο- A--GPM πατηρ-N3--GPM συ- P--GP προςτιθημι-VE--AAO3S συ- P--DP ως-C ειμι-V9--PAI2P χιλιοπλασιως-D και-C ευλογεω-VA--AAO3S συ- P--AP καθοτι-D λαλεω-VAI-AAI3S συ- P--DP

12 πως-D δυναμαι-VF--FMI1S μονος-A1--NSM φερω-V1--PAN ο- A--ASM κοπος-N2--ASM συ- P--GP και-C ο- A--ASF υποστασις-N3I-ASF συ- P--GP και-C ο- A--APF αντιλογια-N1A-APF συ- P--GP

13 διδωμι-VO--AAD2P εαυτου- D--DPM ανηρ-N3--APM σοφος-A1--APM και-C επιστημων-A3N-APM και-C συνετος-A1--APM εις-P ο- A--APF φυλη-N1--APF συ- P--GP και-C καταιστημι-VF--FAI1S επι-P συ- P--GP ηγεομαι-V2--PMPAPM συ- P--GP

14 και-C αποκρινω-VCI-API2P εγω- P--DS και-C ειπον-VAI-AAI2P καλος-A1--ASN ο- A--NSN ρημα-N3M-NSN ος- --ASN λαλεω-VAI-AAI2S ποιεω-VA--AAN

15 και-C λαμβανω-VBI-AAI1S εκ-P συ- P--GP ανηρ-N3--APM σοφος-A1--APM και-C επιστημων-A3N-APM και-C συνετος-A1--APM και-C καταιστημι-VHI-AAI1S αυτος- D--APM ηγεομαι-V2--PMN επι-P συ- P--GP χιλιαρχος-N2--APM και-C εκατονταρχος-N2--APM και-C πεντηκονταρχος-N2--APM και-C δεκαδαρχος-N2--APM και-C ςγραμματοεισαγωγευ-N3V-APM ο- A--DPM κριτης-N1M-DPM συ- P--GP

16 και-C εντελλομαι-VAI-AMI1S ο- A--DPM κριτης-N1M-DPM συ- P--GP εν-P ο- A--DSM καιρος-N2--DSM εκεινος- D--DSM λεγω-V1--PAPNSM διαακουω-V1--PAD2P ανα-P μεσος-A1--ASM ο- A--GPM αδελφος-N2--GPM συ- P--GP και-C κρινω-VA--AAD2P δικαιως-D ανα-P μεσος-A1--ASM ανηρ-N3--GSM και-C ανα-P μεσος-A1--ASM αδελφος-N2--GSM και-C ανα-P μεσος-A1--ASM προσηλυτος-N2--GSM αυτος- D--GSM

17 ου-D επιγιγνωσκω-VF--FMI2S προσωπον-N2N-ASN εν-P κρισις-N3I-DSF κατα-P ο- A--ASM μικρος-A1A-ASM και-C κατα-P ο- A--ASM μεγας-A1P-ASM κρινω-VF2-FAI2S ου-D μη-D υποστελλω-VA--AMS2S προσωπον-N2N-ASN ανθρωπος-N2--GSM οτι-C ο- A--NSF κρισις-N3I-NSF ο- A--GSM θεος-N2--GSM ειμι-V9--PAI3S και-C ο- A--NSN ρημα-N3M-NSN ος- --NSN εαν-C σκληρος-A1A-NSN ειμι-V9--PAS3S απο-P συ- P--GP αναφερω-VF--FAI2P αυτος- D--ASN επι-P εγω- P--AS και-C ακουω-VF--FMI1S αυτος- D--ASN

18 και-C εντελλομαι-VAI-AMI1S συ- P--DP εν-P ο- A--DSM καιρος-N2--DSM εκεινος- D--DSM πας-A3--APM ο- A--APM λογος-N2--APM ος- --APM ποιεω-VF--FAI2P

19 και-C αποαιρω-VA--AAPNPM εκ-P *χωρηβ-N---GSF πορευομαι-VCI-API1P πας-A1S-ASF ο- A--ASF ερημος-N2--ASF ο- A--ASF μεγας-A1--ASF και-C ο- A--ASF φοβερος-A1A-ASF εκεινος- D--ASF ος- --ASF οραω-VBI-AAI2P οδος-N2--ASF ορος-N3E-GSN ο- A--GSM *αμορραιος-N2--GSM καθοτι-D εντελλομαι-VAI-AMI3S κυριος-N2--NSM ο- A--NSM θεος-N2--NSM εγω- P--GP εγω- P--DP και-C ερχομαι-VBI-AAI1P εως-P *καδης-N---GS *βαρνη-N---GS

20 και-C ειπον-VAI-AAI1S προς-P συ- P--AP ερχομαι-VAI-AAD2P εως-P ο- A--GSN ορος-N3E-GSN ο- A--GSM *αμορραιος-N2--GSM ος- --NSN ο- A--NSM κυριος-N2--NSM ο- A--NSM θεος-N2--NSM εγω- P--GP διδωμι-V8--PAI3S συ- P--DP

21 οραω-VB--AAD2P παραδιδωμι-VX--XAI3S συ- P--DP κυριος-N2--NSM ο- A--NSM θεος-N2--NSM συ- P--GP προ-P προσωπον-N2N-GSN συ- P--GP ο- A--ASF γη-N1--ASF αναβαινω-VZ--AAPNPM κληρονομεω-VA--AAD2P ος- --ASM τροπος-N2--ASM ειπον-VBI-AAI3S κυριος-N2--NSM ο- A--NSM θεος-N2--NSM ο- A--GPM πατηρ-N3--GPM συ- P--GP συ- P--DP μη-D φοβεω-V2--PMD2P μηδε-C δειλιαω-VA--APD2P

22 και-C προςερχομαι-VAI-AAD2P εγω- P--DS πας-A3--NPM και-C ειπον-VAI-AAI2P αποστελλω-VA--AAS2P ανηρ-N3--APM προτερος-A1A-APM εγω- P--GP και-C επιοδευω-VA--AAD3P εγω- P--DP ο- A--ASF γη-N1--ASF και-C ανααγγελλω-VA--AAD3P εγω- P--DP αποκρισις-N3I-ASF ο- A--ASF οδος-N2--ASF δια-P ος- --GSF αναβαινω-VF--FMI1P εν-P αυτος- D--DSF και-C ο- A--APF πολις-N3I-APF εις-P ος- --APF ειςπορευομαι-VF--FMI1P εις-P αυτος- D--APF

23 και-C αρεσκω-VAI-AAI3S εναντιον-P εγω- P--GS ο- A--NSN ρημα-N3M-NSN και-C λαμβανω-VBI-AAI1S εκ-P συ- P--GP δωδεκα-M ανηρ-N3--APM ανηρ-N3--ASM εις-A3--ASM κατα-P φυλη-N1--ASF

24 και-C επιστρεφω-VD--APPNPM αναβαινω-VZI-AAI3P εις-P ο- A--ASN ορος-N3E-ASN και-C ερχομαι-VBI-AAI3P εως-P *φαραγξ-N3G-GSF βοτρυς-N3U-GSM και-C κατασκοπευω-VAI-AAI3P αυτος- D--ASF

25 και-C λαμβανω-VBI-AAI3P εν-P ο- A--DPF χειρ-N3--DPF αυτος- D--GPM απο-P ο- A--GSM καρπος-N2--GSM ο- A--GSF γη-N1--GSF και-C καταφερω-VAI-AAI3P προς-P εγω- P--AP και-C λεγω-V1I-IAI3P αγαθος-A1--NSF ο- A--NSF γη-N1--NSF ος- --ASF κυριος-N2--NSM ο- A--NSM θεος-N2--NSM εγω- P--GP διδωμι-V8--PAI3S εγω- P--DP

26 και-C ου-D θελω-VAI-AAI2P αναβαινω-VZ--AAN και-C απειθεω-VAI-AAI2P ο- A--DSN ρημα-N3M-DSN κυριος-N2--GSM ο- A--GSM θεος-N2--GSM συ- P--GP

27 και-C διαγογγυζω-V1I-IAI2P εν-P ο- A--DPF σκηνη-N1--DPF συ- P--GP και-C ειπον-VAI-AAI2P δια-P ο- A--ASN μισεω-V2--PAN κυριος-N2--ASM εγω- P--AP εκαγω-VBI-AAI3S εγω- P--AP εκ-P γη-N1--GSF *αιγυπτος-N2--GSF παραδιδωμι-VO--AAN εγω- P--AP εις-P χειρ-N3--APF *αμορραιος-N2--GPM εκολεθρευω-VA--AAN εγω- P--AP

28 που-D εγω- P--NP αναβαινω-V1--PAI1P ο- A--NPM αδελφος-N2--NPM συ- P--GP αποιστημι-VHI-AAI3P συ- P--GP ο- A--ASF καρδια-N1A-ASF λεγω-V1--PAPNPM εθνος-N3E-NSN μεγας-A1P-NSN και-C πολυς-A1P-NSN και-C δυνατος-A1--NSNC εγω- P--GP και-C πολις-N3I-NPF μεγας-A1--NPF και-C τειχιζω-VM--XMPNPF εως-P ο- A--GSM ουρανος-N2--GSM αλλα-C και-C υιος-N2--APM γιγας-N3--GPM οραω-VX--XAI1P εκει-D

29 και-C ειπον-VAI-AAI1S προς-P συ- P--AP μη-D πτησσω-VC--APD2P μηδε-C φοβεω-VC--APS2P απο-P αυτος- D--GPM

30 κυριος-N2--NSM ο- A--NSM θεος-N2--NSM συ- P--GP ο- A--NSM προπορευομαι-V1--PMPNSM προ-P προσωπον-N2N-GSN συ- P--GP αυτος- D--NSM συν εκπολεμεω-VF--FAI3S αυτος- D--APM μετα-P συ- P--GP κατα-P πας-A3--APN οσος-A1--APN ποιεω-VAI-AAI3S συ- P--DP εν-P γη-N1--DSF *αιγυπτος-N2--DSF

31 και-C εν-P ο- A--DSF ερημος-N2--DSF ουτος- D--DSF ος- --ASF οραω-VBI-AAI2P ως-C τροφοφορεω-VAI-AAI3S συ- P--AS κυριος-N2--NSM ο- A--NSM θεος-N2--NSM συ- P--GS ως-C ει-C τις- I--NSM τροφοφορεω-VA--AAS3S ανθρωπος-N2--NSM ο- A--ASM υιος-N2--ASM αυτος- D--GSM κατα-P πας-A1S-ASF ο- A--ASF οδος-N2--ASF ος- --ASF πορευομαι-VCI-API2P εως-C ερχομαι-VBI-AAI2P εις-P ο- A--ASM τοπος-N2--ASM ουτος- D--ASM

32 και-C εν-P ο- A--DSM λογος-N2--DSM ουτος- D--DSM ου-D ενπιστευω-VAI-AAI2P κυριος-N2--DSM ο- A--DSM θεος-N2--DSM συ- P--GP

33 ος- --NSM προπορευομαι-V1--PMI3S προτερος-A1A-NSM συ- P--GP εν-P ο- A--DSF οδος-N2--DSF εκλεγω-V1--PMN συ- P--DP τοπος-N2--ASM οδηγεω-V2--PAPNSM συ- P--AP εν-P πυρ-N3--DSN νυξ-N3--GSF δεικνυω-V1--PAPNSM συ- P--DP ο- A--ASF οδος-N2--ASF κατα-P ος- --ASF πορευομαι-V1--PMD2P επι-P αυτος- D--GSF και-C εν-P νεφελη-N1--DSF ημερα-N1A-GSF

34 και-C ακουω-VAI-AAI3S κυριος-N2--NSM ο- A--ASF φωνη-N1--ASF ο- A--GPM λογος-N2--GPM συ- P--GP και-C παραοξυνω-VC--APPNSM ομνυμι-VAI-AAI3S λεγω-V1--PAPNSM

35 ει-C οραω-VF--FMI3S τις- I--NSM ο- A--GPM ανηρ-N3--GPM ουτος- D--GPM ο- A--ASF αγαθος-A1--ASF ουτος- D--ASF γη-N1--ASF ος- --ASF ομνυμι-VAI-AAI1S ο- A--DPM πατηρ-N3--DPM αυτος- D--GPM

36 πλην-D *χαλεβ-N---NSM υιος-N2--NSM *ιεφοννη-N---GSM ουτος- D--NSM οραω-VF--FMI3S αυτος- D--ASF και-C ουτος- D--DSM διδωμι-VF--FAI1S ο- A--ASF γη-N1--ASF επι-P ος- --ASF επιβαινω-VZI-AAI3S και-C ο- A--DPM υιος-N2--DPM αυτος- D--GSM δια-P ο- A--ASN προςκειμαι-V5--PMN αυτος- D--ASM ο- A--APN προς-P κυριος-N2--ASM

37 και-C εγω- P--DS θυμοω-VCI-API3S κυριος-N2--NSM δια-P συ- P--AP λεγω-V1--PAPNSM ουδε-C συ- P--NS ου-D μη-D ειςερχομαι-VB--AAS2S εκει-D

38 *ιησους-N---NSM υιος-N2--NSM *ναυη-N---GSM ο- A--NSM παραιστημι-VXI-XAPNSM συ- P--DS ουτος- D--NSM ειςερχομαι-VF--FMI3S εκει-D αυτος- D--ASM καταισχυω-VA--AAD2S οτι-C αυτος- D--NSM κατακληρονομεω-VF--FAI3S αυτος- D--ASF ο- A--DSM *ισραηλ-N---DSM

39 και-C πας-A3--NSN παιδιον-N2N-NSN νεος-A1A-NSN οστις- X--NSM ου-D οιδα-VX--XAI3S σημερον-D αγαθος-A1--ASN η-C κακος-A1--ASN ουτος- D--NPM ειςερχομαι-VF--FMI3P εκει-D και-C ουτος- D--DPM διδωμι-VF--FAI1S αυτος- D--ASF και-C αυτος- D--NPM κληρονομεω-VF--FAI3P αυτος- D--ASF

40 και-C συ- P--NP επιστρεφω-VD--APPNPM στρατοπεδευω-VAI-AAI2P εις-P ο- A--ASF ερημος-N2--ASF οδος-N2--ASF ο- A--ASF επι-P ο- A--GSF ερυθρος-A1A-GSF θαλασσα-N1S-GSF

41 και-C αποκρινω-VCI-API2P εγω- P--DS και-C ειπον-VAI-AAI2P αμαρτανω-VBI-AAI1P εναντι-P κυριος-N2--GSM ο- A--GSM θεος-N2--GSM εγω- P--GP εγω- P--NP αναβαινω-VZ--AAPNPM πολεμεω-VF--FAI1P κατα-P πας-A3--APN οσος-A1--APN εντελλομαι-VAI-AMI3S κυριος-N2--NSM ο- A--NSM θεος-N2--NSM εγω- P--GP εγω- P--DP και-C αναλαμβανω-VB--AAPNPM εκαστος-A1--NSM ο- A--APN σκευος-N3E-APN ο- A--APN πολεμικος-A1--APN αυτος- D--GSM και-C συναθροιζω-VS--APPNPM αναβαινω-V1I-IAI2P εις-P ο- A--ASN ορος-N3E-ASN

42 και-C ειπον-VBI-AAI3S κυριος-N2--NSM προς-P εγω- P--AS ειπον-VBI-AAD2S αυτος- D--DPM ου-D αναβαινω-VF--FMI2P ουδε-C μη-D πολεμεω-VF--FAI2P ου-D γαρ-X ειμι-V9--PAI1S μετα-P συ- P--GP και-C ου-D μη-D συντριβω-VD--APD2P ενωπιον-P ο- A--GPM εχθρος-N2--GPM συ- P--GP

43 και-C λαλεω-VAI-AAI1S συ- P--DP και-C ου-D ειςακουω-VAI-AAI2P εγω- P--GS και-C παραβαινω-VZI-AAI2P ο- A--ASN ρημα-N3M-ASN κυριος-N2--GSM και-C παραβιαζομαι-VA--AMPNPM αναβαινω-VZI-AAI2P εις-P ο- A--ASN ορος-N3E-ASN

44 και-C εκερχομαι-VBI-AAI3S ο- A--NSM *αμορραιος-N2--NSM ο- A--NSM καταοικεω-V2--PAPNSM εν-P ο- A--DSN ορος-N3E-DSN εκεινος- D--DSN εις-P συναντησις-N3I-ASF συ- P--DP και-C καταδιωκω-VAI-AAI3P συ- P--AP ως-C ει-C ποιεω-VA--AAO3P ο- A--NPF μελισσα-N1S-NPF και-C τιτρωσκω-V1I-IAI3P συ- P--AP απο-P *σηιρ-N---GSN εως-P *ερμα-N---GS

45 και-C καταιζω-VA--AAPNPM κλαιω-V1I-IAI2P εναντι-P κυριος-N2--GSM και-C ου-D ειςακουω-VAI-AAI3S κυριος-N2--NSM ο- A--GSF φωνη-N1--GSF συ- P--GP ουδε-C προςεχω-VBI-AAI3S συ- P--DP

46 και-C κατα ενημαι-V1I-IMI2P εν-P *καδης-N---DS ημερα-N1A-APF πολυς-A1--APF οσος-A1--APF ποτε-X ημερα-N1A-APF κατα ενημαι-V1I-IMI2P

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Apocalypse Explained # 608

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608. Verse 6 (Revelation 10:6). And he sware by Him that liveth unto the ages of the ages, signifies the verity from His own Divine. This is evident from the signification of "to swear," as being a strong assertion and confirmation, and in reference to the Lord the verity (of which presently); also from the signification of "Him that liveth unto the ages of the ages," as being the Divine from eternity, which alone lives, and which is the source of life to all in the universe, both angels and men. (That this is signified by "Him that liveth unto the ages of the ages" may be seen above, n. 289, 291, 349.) That "to swear" signifies asseveration and confirmation, but here verity (since it is the Lord that is meant by the angel that swears), can be seen from this, that "to swear" means to asseverate and confirm that a thing is so, and when done by the Lord means Divine verity; for oaths are made only by those who are not interiorly in truth itself, that is, by those who are not interior but only exterior men; consequently they are never made by angels, still less by the Lord; but He is said in the Word to swear, and the Israelites were allowed to swear by God, because they were only exterior men, and because the asseveration and confirmation of the internal man, when it comes into the external, falls into the form of an oath. In the Israelitish Church all things were external, representing and signifying things internal. The Word in the sense of the letter is similar. From this it can be seen that "the angel sware by Him that liveth unto the ages of the ages" cannot mean that he thus sware, but that he said in himself that this is verity, and that when this came down into the natural sphere it was changed, according to correspondences, into the form of an oath.

[2] Now as "to swear" is only an external corresponding to the confirmation that belongs to the mind of the internal man, and is therefore significative of that, so in the Word of the Old Testament it is said to be lawful to swear by God, yea, that God Himself is said to swear. That this signifies confirmation, asseveration and simply verity, or that it is true, can be seen from the following passages. In Isaiah:

Jehovah hath sworn by His right hand and by the arm of His strength (Isaiah 62:8).

In Jeremiah:

Jehovah of Hosts hath sworn by His soul (Jeremiah 51:14; Amos 6:8).

In Amos:

The Lord Jehovih hath sworn by His holiness (Amos 4:2).

In the same:

Jehovah hath sworn by the excellency of Jacob (Amos 8:7).

In Jeremiah:

Behold, I have sworn by My great name (Jeremiah 44:26).

Jehovah is said "to have sworn by His right hand," "by His soul," "by His holiness," and "by His name," to signify by Divine verity; for "the right hand of Jehovah," "the arm of His strength," "His holiness," "His name," and "His soul," mean the Lord in relation to Divine truth, thus Divine truth proceeding from the Lord; the like is meant by "the excellency of Jacob," for "the mighty One of Jacob" means the Lord in relation to Divine truth.

[3] That "to swear," in reference to Jehovah, signifies confirmation by Himself, that is, from His Divine, is evident in Isaiah:

By Myself have I sworn, the word has gone forth from My mouth, and shall not be recalled (Isaiah 45:23).

In Jeremiah:

By Myself I have sworn that this house shall become a desolation (Jeremiah 22:5).

Because "to swear" in reference to Jehovah signifies Divine verity it is said in David:

Jehovah hath sworn truth unto David, He turneth 1 not from it (Psalms 132:11).

[4] Jehovah God, or the Lord, never swears, for to swear is not becoming to God Himself, or the Divine verity; but when God, or the Divine verity, wills to have anything confirmed before men, then that confirmation in its descent into the natural sphere falls into the form or formula of an oath, such as is used in the world. This shows why it is said in the sense of the letter of the Word, which is the natural sense, that God swears, although He never swears. This, then, is the signification of "to swear" in reference to Jehovah or the Lord in the preceding passages, and also in the following. In Isaiah:

Jehovah of Hosts hath sworn, saying, Surely as I have thought, so shall it come to pass (Isaiah 14:24).

In David:

I have made a covenant with My chosen, I have sworn unto David My servant. Lord, Thou hast sworn unto David in verity (Psalms 89:3, 35, 49).

In the same:

Jehovah hath sworn and will not repent (Psalms 110:4).

In Ezekiel:

I have sworn unto thee, and have entered into a covenant with thee, that thou mightest become Mine (Ezekiel 16:8).

In David:

Unto whom I have sworn in Mine anger (Psalms 95:11).

In Isaiah:

I have sworn that the waters of Noah shall no more pass over the earth (Isaiah 54:9).

In Luke:

To remember His holy covenant, the oath which He sware to Abraham our father (Luke 1:72, 73).

In David:

He hath remembered His covenant which He made with Abraham, and His oath with Isaac (Psalms 105:8, 9).

In Jeremiah:

That I may establish the oath which I have sworn unto your fathers (Jeremiah 11:5; 32:22).

In Moses:

The land which I have sworn to give unto your fathers (Deuteronomy 1:35; 10:11; 11:9, 21; 26:3, 15; 31:20; 34:4).

[5] From this it can be seen what is meant by "the angel lifted up his hand to heaven, and sware by Him that liveth unto the ages of the ages," as it is likewise said in Daniel:

And I heard the man clothed in linen, that he held up his right hand and his left hand unto the heavens, and sware by Him that liveth unto the ages of the ages (Daniel 12:7);

as meaning to bear witness before the angels respecting the state of the church, that what follows is Divine verity.

[6] Because the church that was instituted with the sons of Israel was a representative church, in which all things that were commanded were natural things representing and signifying spiritual things, the sons of Israel, with whom that church existed, were permitted to swear by Jehovah, and by His name, likewise by the holy things of the church; and this represented and thus signified internal confirmation, and also verity, as can be seen from the following passages. In Isaiah:

He that blesseth himself in the earth let him bless himself in the God of truth, and he that sweareth in the earth let him swear in the God of truth (Isaiah 65:16).

In Jeremiah:

Swear by the living Jehovah, in truth, in judgment, and in righteousness (Jeremiah 4:2).

In Moses:

Thou shalt fear Jehovah thy God, Him shalt thou serve, and shalt swear in His name (Deuteronomy 6:13; 10:20).

In Isaiah:

In that day there shall be five cities in the land of Egypt that swear to Jehovah of Hosts (Isaiah 19:18).

In Jeremiah:

If in learning they will learn the ways of My people, to swear by My name, Jehovah liveth! (Jeremiah 12:16).

In David:

Everyone that sweareth by God shall glory, but the mouth of them that speak a lie shall be stopped (Psalms 63:11).

"To swear by God" here signifies to speak the truth, for it is added, "the mouth of them that speak a lie shall be stopped." (That they swore by God see also Genesis 21:23, 24, 31; Joshua 2:12; 9:20; Judges 21:7; 1 Kings 1:17.)

[7] As the ancients were allowed to swear by Jehovah God, it follows that it was an enormous evil to swear falsely or to swear to a lie, as is evident from these passages. In Malachi:

I will be a witness against the sorcerers, and against the adulterers, and against those that swear to a lie (Malachi 3:5).

In Moses:

Thou shalt not swear to a lie by My name, so that thou profane the name of thy God; also, Thou shalt not take the name of thy God in vain (Leviticus 19:12; Deuteronomy 5:11; Exodus 20:7; Zechariah 5:4).

In Jeremiah:

Run ye to and fro through the streets of Jerusalem, and see whether there be any who say, By the living Jehovah; surely they swear by a lie. Thy sons have destroyed 2 Me, and sworn by one not God (Jeremiah 5:1, 2, 7).

In Hosea:

Israel, ye shall not swear, Jehovah liveth (Hosea 4:15).

In Zephaniah:

I will cut off them that swear by Jehovah, and that swear by their king, and them that are turned back from following Jehovah (Zephaniah 1:4-6).

In Zechariah:

Love not the oath of a lie (Zechariah 8:17).

In Isaiah:

Hear ye, O house of Jacob, who swear by the name of Jehovah, not in truth nor in righteousness (Isaiah 48:1).

In David:

The clean in hands and the pure in heart doth not lift up his soul unto vanity, nor swear with deceit (Psalms 24:4).

[8] From this it can be seen that the ancients, who were in the representatives and the significatives of the church, were permitted to swear by Jehovah God in order to bear witness to the truth, and by that oath it was signified that they thought what is true and willed what is good. Especially was this granted to the sons of Jacob, because they were wholly external and natural men, and not internal and spiritual; and merely external or natural men wish to have the truth confirmed and witnessed to by oaths; but internal or spiritual men do not wish this; indeed, they turn away from oaths and shudder at them, especially those in which God and the holy things of heaven and the church are appealed to, and are content with saying and with having it said that a thing is true, or that it is so.

[9] As swearing does not belong to the internal or spiritual man, and as the Lord, when He came into the world, taught men to be internal or spiritual, and to that end abrogated the externals of the church, and opened its internals, therefore He forbade swearing by God and by the holy things of heaven and the church. This is evident from these words of the Lord in Matthew:

Ye have heard that it was said, Thou shalt not swear [falsely], but shalt perform unto the Lord thine oath; but I say unto you, swear not at all; neither by the heaven, for it is the throne of God; neither by the earth, for it is the footstool of His feet; neither by Jerusalem, for it is a city of the great King. Neither shalt thou swear by thy head, for thou canst not make one hair white or black (Matthew 5:33-37).

Here the holy things by which one must not swear are mentioned, namely, "heaven," "earth," "Jerusalem," and the "head;" and "heaven" means the angelic heaven, wherefore it is called "the throne of God" (that "the throne of God" means that heaven, see above, n. 253, 462, 477); "the earth" means the church (See above, n. 29, 304, 413, 417), which is called therefore "the footstool of God's feet" (that "the footstool of God's feet" also means the church, see above, n. 606; "Jerusalem" means the doctrine of the church, wherefore it is called "the city of the great king" (that "city" means doctrine, see above, n. 223; and the "head" means intelligence therefrom (See above, n. 553, 577), therefore it is said "thou canst not make one hair white or black," which signifies that man of himself can understand nothing.

[10] Again, in the same:

Woe unto you, ye blind guides, for ye say, Whosoever shall swear by the temple it is nothing; but whosoever shall swear by the gold of the temple he is a debtor! Ye fools and blind; for whether is greater, the gold or the temple that sanctifieth the gold? And whosoever shall swear by the altar it is nothing; but whosoever shall swear by the gift that is upon it he is a debtor. Ye fools and blind; whether is greater, the gift or the altar that sanctifieth the gift? But whosoever sweareth by the altar sweareth by it and by everything thereon. And whosoever sweareth by the temple sweareth by it and by Him that dwelleth therein. And he that sweareth by heaven sweareth by the throne of God and by Him that sitteth thereon (Matthew 23:16-22).

One must not swear "by the temple and by the altar," because to swear by these was to swear by the Lord, by heaven, and by the church; for the "temple" in the highest sense means the Lord in relation to Divine truth, and in a relative sense heaven and the church in respect to truth, likewise all worship from Divine truth (See above, n. 220); and the "altar" signifies the Lord in relation to Divine good, and in a relative sense heaven and the church in respect to that good, likewise all worship from Divine good (See above, n. 391); and because by the Lord all Divine things that proceed from Him are meant, for He is in them and they are His, so he who swears by Him swears by all things that are His; likewise he who swears by heaven and by the church, swears by all the holy things that belong to heaven and the church, for heaven is the complex and containant of these things; so, in like manner, is the church; therefore it is said that the temple is greater than the gold of the temple, because the temple sanctifies the gold, and that the altar is greater than the gift which is upon it, because the altar sanctifies the gift.

Poznámky pod čarou:

1. Latin has "turneth," the Hebrew "turn back," which is found in Arcana Coelestia 2842.

2. Latin has "destroyed," the Hebrew "forsaken. "

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Foundation for their permission to use this translation.

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