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Exodus 22

¹ ^21:37 When a man^◦ shall steal an ox or a sheep^◦, and shall butcher it, or sell it, he shall repay five cattle for the ox, and four of the flock for the sheep^◦.

² ¹ If a thief be found while digging··through, and be smitten, and die, no bloods^* shall be shed for him.

³ ² If the sun have risen^◦ upon him, bloods shall be shed for him; repaying he shall repay; if he have nothing, he shall··be··sold for his theft.

⁴ ³ If finding the theft be··found in his hand, from an ox even··to a donkey, even··to an animal··of··the··flock, living; he shall repay two times.

⁵ ⁴ When^◦ a man^◦ shall desolate^◦^* a field or a vineyard, and shall send··out his brutish beast, and it shall desolate^◦^* the field of another; of the best of his own field, and of the best of his own vineyard, he shall repay.

⁶ ⁵ When^◦ a fire shall go··forth, and shall find thorns, and a stack is devoured, or the standing··grain, or the field; he who burns the burning, repaying he shall repay.

⁷ ⁶ When a man^◦ shall give to his companion silver or vessels to keep, and it be stolen out of the man’s^◦ house; if the thief be··found, he shall repay double.

⁸ ⁷ If the thief be· not ·found, the master of the house shall be brought··near to God, to see if he has put··forth^◦ his hand into the business of his companion.

⁹ ⁸ Over every word of transgression, Over an ox, Over a donkey, Over an animal··of··the··flock, Over raiment, Over every lost thing, of which he shall say that it is this, even··to God shall come the word of the two of them; he whom God shall condemn shall repay two times to his companion.

¹⁰ ⁹ When^◦ a man^◦ shall give to^▵ his companion a donkey, or an ox, or an animal··of··the··flock, or any beast, to keep; and it die, or be broken, or be taken··captive, no one seeing it;

¹¹ ¹⁰ the promise of Jehovah shall be between the two of them, to see if he has put··forth^◦ his hand into the business of his companion, and his master has taken it, and he shall not repay.

¹² ¹¹ And if stealing it shall be stolen from him, he shall repay to its master.

¹³ ¹² If tearing it shall be torn, he shall bring a witness for it^*; he shall not repay that which was torn.

¹⁴ ¹³ And when a man^◦ shall ask from his companion, and it be broken, or die, the master thereof not being with it, repaying he shall repay.

¹⁵ ¹⁴ If the master thereof be with it, he shall not repay; if he is a hireling he shall come in his hire.

¹⁶ ¹⁵ And when^◦ a man^◦ shall entice a virgin who is not betrothed, and shall lie with her, endowing he shall endow her to himself for a woman.

¹⁷ ¹⁶ If her father refusing shall refuse to give her to him, he shall weigh silver according··to the dowry of virgins.

¹⁸ ¹⁷ Thou shalt not let· a sorceress ·live.

¹⁹ ¹⁸ All who lie with a beast, dying he shall··die.

²⁰ ¹⁹ He who sacrifices to gods, except^▵ to Jehovah alone, shall be doomed.

²¹ ²⁰ And a sojourner thou shalt not exploit, and thou shalt not subjugate him; for you were sojourners in the land of Egypt.

²² ²¹ Any widow and orphan you shall not afflict.

²³ ²² If afflicting thou shalt afflict him, and crying he shall cry to^▵ Me, hearing I will hear his cry;

²⁴ ²³ and My anger shall be··fierce, and I will kill you with the sword; and your wives shall become widows, and your sons orphans.

²⁵ ²⁴ If thou shalt lend silver to My people, the afflicted with thee, thou shalt not be to him as a creditor; you shall not set usury on him.

²⁶ ²⁵ If taking··as··a··pledge thou shalt take··as··a··pledge thy companion’s raiment, even at the going··in of the sun thou shalt return it to him.

²⁷ ²⁶ For it^◦ is his only covering, it^◦ is his raiment for his skin, in which he may lie··down; and it shall be, that he shall cry to^▵ Me, and I will hear; for I^◦ am gracious.

²⁸ ²⁷ Thou shalt not revile God, and a chief among^◦ thy people thou shalt not curse.

²⁹ ²⁸ The firstfruits of thy grain, and the firstfruits of thy wine,^* thou shalt not delay. The firstborn of thy sons thou shalt give to Me.

³⁰ ²⁹ So shalt thou do for thine ox, and for thy flock; seven days it shall be with its mother; on^◦ the eighth day thou shalt give it to Me.

³¹ ³⁰ And you shall be men^◦ of holiness to Me; and flesh that is torn in the field you shall not eat; you shall cast it to the dog.

Thanks to the Kempton Project for the permission to use this New Church translation of the Word.

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Arcana Coelestia # 3540

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3540. 'And she put the skins of the kids of the she-goats' means the external truths clothing homeborn good. This is clear from the meaning of 'skins' as external things, dealt with below, and from the meaning of 'the kids of the she-goats', coming as they did from the flock bred within the homestead, as the truths which clothe homeborn good, dealt with in 3518, 3519, where it is also evident what homeborn good is and what truths from that source are. Any good whatever has its own truths, and any truths whatever have their own good. And they must be joined together - good to truths - if anything at all is to exist. The reason why 'skins' means external things is that the skin is the outer covering of an animal to which its exterior parts extend, even as the skin or the cuticles is such with a human being. The latter receives its spiritual meaning from what is representative in the next life, where there are people who belong to the province of the skin. These will in the Lord's Divine mercy be described at the ends of chapters below where the Grand Man will be presented as a separate subject. They are people in whom none but external good and the truths which go with this are present. This is why the skin, human or animal, means things that are external. The same is also evident from the Word, as in Jeremiah,

On account of the greatness of your iniquity your skirts have been uncovered, your heels have suffered violence. Can the Ethiopian change his skin and the leopard its spots? Also are you able to do good, having been taught to do evil? Jeremiah 13:22-23.

Here 'skirts' means external truths, 'heels' the lowest goods - 'the heel' and 'shoes' being the lowest natural things, see 259, 1748. And because those truths and goods, as it is said, spring from evil, they are compared to an 'Ethiopian', who was black, and his 'skin', and also to 'a leopard and its spots'.

[2] In Moses,

If you take your neighbour's clothing as a pledge you shall restore it to him before the sun goes down; for this is his only covering; it is his clothing for his skin, in which he will lie down. Exodus 22:26-27.

Inasmuch as all the laws contained in the Word, including civil and judicial ones, have a correspondence with laws in heaven concerning what is good and true, and from this correspondence came to be laid down, so it was with the law just quoted. For why else would it have ever been laid down that they were to restore clothing that had been pledged before the sun went down, and why else is it said that 'it is his clothing for his skin, in which he lies down'? The correspondence is evident from the internal sense, which is that people were not to cheat their neighbour of external truths, which are the matters of doctrine by which they conduct their lives, and also religious observances - 'clothing' meaning such truths, see 297, 1073, 2576, and 'the sun' the good of love or of life that ensues from those truths, 1529, 1530, 2441, 2495. The prevention of that good from perishing is meant by the statement about the restoration of the pledge before the sun went down. And since the things laid down in those laws are the external coverings of interior things, or the outermost aspects of these, the words 'his clothing for his skin in which he lies down' are used.

[3] Because 'skins' meant external things it was commanded that there should be for the tent a covering made of red ram skins and over that a covering of badger skins, Exodus 26:14. For the tent was representative of the three heavens, and so of the celestial and spiritual things of the Lord's kingdom. The curtains enveloping it represented natural things, which are external, 3478; and these are the ram skins and the badger skins. And since external things are those which cover internal, or natural things are those which cover spiritual and celestial, in the way that the body does the soul, that command was therefore given. It was for a like reason commanded that when the camp was on the move Aaron and his sons were to cover the ark of the testimony with the veil and were to place a badger-skin covering over it. And over the table and what was on it they were to spread a twice-dyed scarlet cloth and then cover that with a badger-skin covering. They were likewise required to place the lampstand and all its vessels under a covering made of badger skin - also all the vessels for ministering they were to place under a violet cloth, and then cover them with a badger-skin covering, Numbers 4:5-6, 8, 10-12. Anyone who thinks about the Word in a devout way may see that Divine things were represented by all these objects, such as the ark, the table, the lampstand, and the vessels for ministering, also the coverings of twice-dyed scarlet and of violet, as well as the coverings of badger skin, and that these objects represented Divine things contained within external ones.

[4] Because the prophets represented those who teach, and therefore represented teaching from the Word concerning what is good and true, 2534; and because Elijah represented the Word itself, 2762, as also did John, who for that reason is called the Elijah who is to come, Matthew 17:10-13; and in order that these might represent the nature of the Word in its external form, that is, in the letter,

Elijah wore a skin girdle around his loins. 2 Kings 1:8. And John had a garment of camel hair and a skin girdle around his waist. Matthew 3:4.

Because animal 'skin' and human 'skin' means external things, which in relation to spiritual and celestial are natural things, and because it was customary in the Ancient Church to speak and to write by means of meaningful signs, reference is also made to both types of skin, and with the same meaning, in Job, a book of the Ancient Church. This becomes clear from a number of places in that book, including the following,

I know my Redeemer; He is alive; and at the last He will rise above the dust; and afterwards these things will be encompassed by my skin, and out of my flesh shall I see God. Job 19:25-26.

'Encompassed by skin' stands for the natural as it exists with someone after he has died, dealt with in 3539. 'Out of one's flesh seeing God' is doing so from a proprium made alive. For the proprium is meant by 'flesh', see 148, 149, 780; and the Book of Job is a book of the Ancient Church, a fact which is evident, as has been stated, from its style which draws on representatives and meaningful signs. It is not however one of the books called the Law and the Prophets, the reason being that it has no internal sense in which the one subject is the Lord and His kingdom. For it is this alone that determines whether any book is a Book of the true Word.

Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.

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Numbers 3

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¹ Now this is the history of the generations of Aaron and Moses in the day that Yahweh spoke with Moses in Mount Sinai.

² These are the names of the sons of Aaron: Nadab the firstborn, and Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar.

³ These are the names of the sons of Aaron, the priests who were anointed, whom he consecrated to minister in the priest's office.

⁴ Nadab and Abihu died before Yahweh, when they offered strange fire before Yahweh, in the wilderness of Sinai, and they had no children. Eleazar and Ithamar ministered in the priest's office in the presence of Aaron their father.

⁵ Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,

⁶ "Bring the tribe of Levi near, and set them before Aaron the priest, that they may minister to him.

⁷ They shall keep his requirements, and the requirements of the whole congregation before the Tent of Meeting, to do the service of the tabernacle.

⁸ They shall keep all the furnishings of the Tent of Meeting, and the obligations of the children of Israel, to do the service of the tabernacle.

⁹ You shall give the Levites to Aaron and to his sons. They are wholly given to him on the behalf of the children of Israel.

¹⁰ You shall appoint Aaron and his sons, and they shall keep their priesthood. The stranger who comes near shall be put to death."

¹¹ Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,

¹² "Behold, I have taken the Levites from among the children of Israel instead of all the firstborn who open the womb among the children of Israel; and the Levites shall be mine:

¹³ for all the firstborn are mine. On the day that I struck down all the firstborn in the land of Egypt I made holy to me all the firstborn in Israel, both man and animal. They shall be mine. I am Yahweh."

¹⁴ Yahweh spoke to Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, saying,

¹⁵ "Count the children of Levi by their fathers' houses, by their families. You shall count every male from a month old and upward."

¹⁶ Moses numbered them according to the word of Yahweh, as he was commanded.

¹⁷ These were the sons of Levi by their names: Gershon, and Kohath, and Merari.

¹⁸ These are the names of the sons of Gershon by their families: Libni and Shimei.

¹⁹ The sons of Kohath by their families: Amram, and Izhar, Hebron, and Uzziel.

²⁰ The sons of Merari by their families: Mahli and Mushi. These are the families of the Levites according to their fathers' houses.

²¹ Of Gershon was the family of the Libnites, and the family of the Shimeites: these are the families of the Gershonites.

²² Those who were numbered of them, according to the number of all the males, from a month old and upward, even those who were numbered of them were seven thousand five hundred.

²³ The families of the Gershonites shall encamp behind the tabernacle westward.

²⁴ The prince of the fathers' house of the Gershonites shall be Eliasaph the son of Lael.

²⁵ The duty of the sons of Gershon in the Tent of Meeting shall be the tabernacle, and the Tent, its covering, and the screen for the door of the Tent of Meeting,

²⁶ and the hangings of the court, and the screen for the door of the court, which is by the tabernacle, and around the altar, and its cords for all of its service.

²⁷ Of Kohath was the family of the Amramites, and the family of the Izharites, and the family of the Hebronites, and the family of the Uzzielites: these are the families of the Kohathites.

²⁸ According to the number of all the males, from a month old and upward, there were eight thousand six hundred, keeping the requirements of the sanctuary.

²⁹ The families of the sons of Kohath shall encamp on the south side of the tabernacle.

³⁰ The prince of the fathers' house of the families of the Kohathites shall be Elizaphan the son of Uzziel.

³¹ Their duty shall be the ark, the table, the lamp stand, the altars, the vessels of the sanctuary with which they minister, and the screen, and all its service.

³² Eleazar the son of Aaron the priest shall be prince of the princes of the Levites, with the oversight of those who keep the requirements of the sanctuary.

³³ Of Merari was the family of the Mahlites, and the family of the Mushites. These are the families of Merari.

³⁴ Those who were numbered of them, according to the number of all the males, from a month old and upward, were six thousand two hundred.

³⁵ The prince of the fathers' house of the families of Merari was Zuriel the son of Abihail. They shall encamp on the north side of the tabernacle.

³⁶ The appointed duty of the sons of Merari shall be the tabernacle's boards, its bars, its pillars, its sockets, all its instruments, all its service,

³⁷ the pillars of the court around it, their sockets, their pins, and their cords.

³⁸ Those who encamp before the tabernacle eastward, in front of the Tent of Meeting toward the sunrise, shall be Moses, and Aaron and his sons, keeping the requirements of the sanctuary for the duty of the children of Israel. The stranger who comes near shall be put to death.

³⁹ All who were numbered of the Levites, whom Moses and Aaron numbered at the commandment of Yahweh, by their families, all the males from a month old and upward, were twenty-two thousand.

⁴⁰ Yahweh said to Moses, "Number all the firstborn males of the children of Israel from a month old and upward, and take the number of their names.

⁴¹ You shall take the Levites for me (I am Yahweh) instead of all the firstborn among the children of Israel; and the livestock of the Levites instead of all the firstborn among the livestock of the children of Israel."

⁴² Moses numbered, as Yahweh commanded him, all the firstborn among the children of Israel.

⁴³ All the firstborn males according to the number of names, from a month old and upward, of those who were numbered of them, were twenty-two thousand two hundred seventy-three.

⁴⁴ Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,

⁴⁵ "Take the Levites instead of all the firstborn among the children of Israel, and the livestock of the Levites instead of their livestock; and the Levites shall be mine. I am Yahweh.

⁴⁶ For the redemption of the two hundred seventy-three of the firstborn of the children of Israel, who exceed the number of the Levites,

⁴⁷ you shall take five shekels apiece for each one; after the shekel of the sanctuary you shall take them (the shekel is twenty gerahs):

⁴⁸ and you shall give the money, with which the remainder of them is redeemed, to Aaron and to his sons."

⁴⁹ Moses took the redemption money from those who exceeded the number of those who were redeemed by the Levites;

⁵⁰ from the firstborn of the children of Israel he took the money, one thousand three hundred sixty-five shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary:

⁵¹ and Moses gave the redemption money to Aaron and to his sons, according to the word of Yahweh, as Yahweh commanded Moses.

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Exodus 22

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Arcana Coelestia # 3540

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Numbers 3

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