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1 Samuel 4

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1 And the word of Samuel was to all Israel. And Israel went·​·out to meet the Philistines in battle, and encamped by Eben-ezer; and the Philistines encamped in Aphek.

2 And the Philistines set· themselves ·in·​·array to meet Israel; and the battle extended; and Israel was stricken before the Philistines; and they smote in the battle array in the field about four thousand men.

3 And the people came to the camp, and the elders of Israel said, Why has Jehovah stricken us today before the Philistines? Let us take to us from Shiloh the ark of the covenant of Jehovah, and let it come into our midst, and it shall save us from the palm of the hand of our enemies.

4 And the people sent to Shiloh, and bore thence the ark of the covenant of Jehovah of Armies, who sits upon the cherubim; and the two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phinehas, were there with the ark of the covenant of God.

5 And it was, when the ark of the covenant of Jehovah came into the camp, that all Israel shouted with a great shout, and the earth made·​·a·​·noise.

6 And the Philistines heard the voice of the shout, and they said, What is the voice of this great shout, in the camp of the Hebrews? And they knew that the ark of Jehovah was come into the camp.

7 And the Philistines feared; for they said, God is come into the camp. And they said, Woe unto us! for there has not been such a thing yesterday and the day·​·before*.

8 Woe unto us! Who shall rescue us from the hand of these magnificent gods? These are they, the gods who smote the Egyptians with every smiting in the wilderness.

9 Make· yourselves ·firm, and be men, O ye Philistines, lest you serve the Hebrews, as they have served you; and be men, and fight.

10 And the Philistines fought, and Israel was struck down, and they fled, a man to his tent; and there was a very great smiting; and there fell of Israel thirty thousand footmen.

11 And the ark of God was taken; and the two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phinehas, died.

12 And there ran a man of Benjamin from the battle array, and came to Shiloh on that day, and his robe was rent, and the dust* of the ground was on his head.

13 And he came, and behold, Eli was sitting on the chair by the side* of the road, watching; for his heart was frightened on·​·account·​·of the ark of God. And the man came to tell it in the city, and all the city cried out.

14 And Eli heard the voice of the cry, and he said, What is the voice of this tumult? And the man hastened, and came and told it to Eli.

15 And Eli was a son of ninety and eight years; and his eyes were set* and he was· not ·able to see.

16 And the man said to Eli, I come from the battle array, and I fled today from the battle array. And he said, What is the word, my son?

17 And he who brought·​·tidings, answered and said, Israel has fled before the Philistines, and there has also been a great striking among the people, and thy two sons also, Hophni and Phinehas, are·​·dead, and the ark of God is taken.

18 And it was, when he mentioned the ark of God, that he* fell from upon the chair backward through the side of the gate, and his neck* broke, and he died; for the man was·​·old and was·​·heavy. And he judged Israel forty years.

19 And his daughter-in-law, the wife of Phinehas, had conceived, and was about to give·​·birth; and she heard the report as to the taking of the ark of God, and that her father-in-law and her husband died; and she stooped·​·down and gave·​·birth, for her throes turned on her.

20 And about the time of her death, the women that stood·​·up by her spoke unto her, Fear not; for thou hast given·​·birth to a son. But she answered not, neither did she set it to heart.

21 And she called the lad Ichabod*, saying, The glory has been exiled from Israel; because of the taking of the ark of God, and because of her father-in-law and her husband.

22 And she said, The glory is exiled from Israel; for the ark of God is taken.

   


Thanks to the Kempton Project for the permission to use this New Church translation of the Word.

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Exploring the Meaning of 1 Samuel 4

Napsal(a) Garry Walsh

Although everyone in Israel knew that Samuel had been chosen as the Lord’s prophet, the Israelites still didn’t listen to his prophecy. As a result, there was a new battle between the army of Israel and the army of the Philistines. The Philistines won and about four thousand men of Israel died.

The Israelites were in great distress. They sent for the Ark of the Covenant, thinking that if they brought it from Shiloh to the battlefield, it would help bring the power of Jehovah into the battle, and help them win. The two sons of Eli the High Priest, Hophni and Phinehas, came along with the Ark. When the Ark reached the Israelite camp, the Israelites shouted with joy, and the Philistines became afraid. The Philistines knew that the Israelite God was surely with them, and they remembered His power from the plagues of Egypt. (See Exodus 7 and the following chapters.)

And yet, the Philistines were tough enemies. They didn’t want to be slaves to Israel, as Israel had been to them. They gathered their courage and defeated Israel in battle again, and even captured the Ark of the Covenant.

A messenger was sent to bring the bad news to Shiloh, where Eli was. Hophni and Phinehas were dead, and the Ark was in enemy hands. When he heard the news, the elderly Eli fell backwards from his seat and died. Phinehas' wife was pregnant, and when she heard the news of her husband’s death it crushed her spirit, and she died shortly after delivering a son that she named Ichabod. So just as the Lord had told Samuel, the priestly role was taken from Eli’s family.

Why was the Ark of the Covenant important? It contained two stone tablets, on which were written the Ten Commandments. These were written by the finger of God, and given to Moses on Mount Sinai. The Commandments represented the covenant between the Lord and people. They would be joined together through love and faith: God’s love for His people, and their love for Him. Love, faith in God and obedience to His message would forever bind them. The covenant is only fulfilled when people, individually and collectively, do what is written on those two tablets. (See True Christianity 285.)

In this story, the Israelites lost the Ark of the Covenant with the Ten Commandments. This symbolizes how we can lose our covenant with the Lord, our Creator. We are free to keep our covenant with the Lord and follow His laws, or to break it. This story shows us how breaking the covenant can be really destructive.

God, however, will never give up on us, and is always ready to come into our lives if we accept Him. In True Christianity 285, Swedenborg writes that God is always ready to keep His commandment with us, but we must use our free will to keep our commandment with Him. This is illustrated in a quote from Revelation 3:20: “Behold, I stand at the door and knock. If anyone hears my voice and opens the door, I will come in to him and dine with him, and he with me.”

While this story is an example of a covenant with God described in the Old Testament of the Word, this relationship between God and His people (and, of course, with each one of us individually) is a theme throughout all of the Bible. The New Testament describes a new covenant that the Lord seeks to build with each of us.

In Swedenborg’s Writings we learn that the Philistines, whom the Israelites were battling, represent faith without charity. Both faith and charity are necessary to follow the Lord, and knowledge of what is right and true is not useful unless we apply it to our lives. If we don't apply it, this knowledge becomes sort of abstract, something that we remember but that isn't an ongoing part of our life. (See Arcana Coelestia 1197.)

Since Philistines represent knowledge without charity, perhaps this story is telling us that in order to keep our covenant with God, it is not enough to know what is required of us, what is written on the tables of stone. We must also act accordingly. When we both understand the commandments and practice them, then we are able to keep our covenant with God.

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Exodus 7

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1 And the LORD said unto Moses, See, I have made thee a god to Pharaoh: and Aaron thy brother shall be thy prophet.

2 Thou shalt speak all that I command thee: and Aaron thy brother shall speak unto Pharaoh, that he send the children of Israel out of his land.

3 And I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and multiply my signs and my wonders in the land of Egypt.

4 But Pharaoh shall not hearken unto you, that I may lay my hand upon Egypt, and bring forth mine armies, and my people the children of Israel, out of the land of Egypt by great judgments.

5 And the Egyptians shall know that I am the LORD, when I stretch forth mine hand upon Egypt, and bring out the children of Israel from among them.

6 And Moses and Aaron did as the LORD commanded them, so did they.

7 And Moses was fourscore years old, and Aaron fourscore and three years old, when they spake unto Pharaoh.

8 And the LORD spake unto Moses and unto Aaron, saying,

9 When Pharaoh shall speak unto you, saying, Shew a miracle for you: then thou shalt say unto Aaron, Take thy rod, and cast it before Pharaoh, and it shall become a serpent.

10 And Moses and Aaron went in unto Pharaoh, and they did so as the LORD had commanded: and Aaron cast down his rod before Pharaoh, and before his servants, and it became a serpent.

11 Then Pharaoh also called the wise men and the sorcerers: now the magicians of Egypt, they also did in like manner with their enchantments.

12 For they cast down every man his rod, and they became serpents: but Aaron's rod swallowed up their rods.

13 And he hardened Pharaoh's heart, that he hearkened not unto them; as the LORD had said.

14 And the LORD said unto Moses, Pharaoh's heart is hardened, he refuseth to let the people go.

15 Get thee unto Pharaoh in the morning; lo, he goeth out unto the water; and thou shalt stand by the river's brink against he come; and the rod which was turned to a serpent shalt thou take in thine hand.

16 And thou shalt say unto him, The LORD God of the Hebrews hath sent me unto thee, saying, Let my people go, that they may serve me in the wilderness: and, behold, hitherto thou wouldest not hear.

17 Thus saith the LORD, In this thou shalt know that I am the LORD: behold, I will smite with the rod that is in mine hand upon the waters which are in the river, and they shall be turned to blood.

18 And the fish that is in the river shall die, and the river shall stink; and the Egyptians shall lothe to drink of the water of the river.

19 And the LORD spake unto Moses, Say unto Aaron, Take thy rod, and stretch out thine hand upon the waters of Egypt, upon their streams, upon their rivers, and upon their ponds, and upon all their pools of water, that they may become blood; and that there may be blood throughout all the land of Egypt, both in vessels of wood, and in vessels of stone.

20 And Moses and Aaron did so, as the LORD commanded; and he lifted up the rod, and smote the waters that were in the river, in the sight of Pharaoh, and in the sight of his servants; and all the waters that were in the river were turned to blood.

21 And the fish that was in the river died; and the river stank, and the Egyptians could not drink of the water of the river; and there was blood throughout all the land of Egypt.

22 And the magicians of Egypt did so with their enchantments: and Pharaoh's heart was hardened, neither did he hearken unto them; as the LORD had said.

23 And Pharaoh turned and went into his house, neither did he set his heart to this also.

24 And all the Egyptians digged round about the river for water to drink; for they could not drink of the water of the river.

25 And seven days were fulfilled, after that the LORD had smitten the river.