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Numeri 21

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1 Or il re cananeo di Arad, che abitava il mezzogiorno, avendo udito che Israele veniva per la via di Atharim, combatté contro Israele, e fece alcuni prigionieri.

2 Allora Israele fece un voto all’Eterno, e disse: "Se tu dài nelle mie mani questo popolo, le loro città saranno da me votate allo sterminio".

3 L’Eterno porse ascolto alla voce d’Israele e gli diede nelle mani i Cananei; e Israele votò allo sterminio i Cananei e le loro città, e a quel luogo fu posto nome Horma.

4 Poi gl’Israeliti si partirono dal monte Hor, movendo verso il mar Rosso per fare il giro del paese di Edom; e il popolo si fe’ impaziente nel viaggio.

5 E il popolo parlò contro Dio e contro Mosè, dicendo: "Perché ci avete fatti salire fuori d’Egitto per farci morire in questo deserto? Poiché qui non c’è né paneacqua, e l’anima nostra è nauseata di questo cibo tanto leggero".

6 Allora l’Eterno mandò fra il popolo de’ serpenti ardenti i quali mordevano la gente, e gran numero d’Israeliti morirono.

7 Allora il popolo venne a Mosè e disse: "Abbiamo peccato, perché abbiam parlato contro l’Eterno e contro te; prega l’Eterno che allontani da noi questi serpenti". E Mosè pregò per il popolo.

8 E l’Eterno disse a Mosè: "Fatti un serpente ardente, e mettilo sopra un’antenna; e avverrà che chiunque sarà morso e lo guarderà, scamperà".

9 Mosè allora fece un serpente di rame e lo mise sopra un’antenna; e avveniva che, quando un serpente avea morso qualcuno, se questi guardava il serpente di rame, scampava.

10 Poi i figliuoli d’Israele partirono e si accamparono a Oboth;

11 e partitisi da Oboth, si accamparono a Ije-Abarim nel deserto ch’è dirimpetto a Moab dal lato dove sorge il sole.

12 Di là si partirono e si accamparono nella valle di Zered.

13 Poi si partirono di là e si accamparono dall’altro lato dell’Arnon, che scorre nel deserto e nasce sui confini degli Amorei: poiché l’Arnon e il confine di Moab, fra Moab e gli Amorei.

14 Per questo è detto nel Libro delle Guerre dell’Eterno: "…Vaheb in Sufa, e le valli dell’Arnon

15 e i declivi delle valli che si estendono verso le dimore di Ar, e s’appoggiano alla frontiera di Moab".

16 E di là andarono a Beer, che è il pozzo a proposito del quale l’Eterno disse a Mosè: "Raduna il popolo e io gli darò dell’acqua".

17 Fu in quell’occasione che Israele cantò questo cantico: "Scaturisci, o pozzo! Salutatelo con canti!

18 Pozzo che i principi hanno scavato, che i nobili del popolo hanno aperto con lo scettro, coi loro bastoni!"

19 Poi dal deserto andarono a Matthana; da Matthana a Nahaliel; da Nahaliel a Bamoth,

20 e da Bamoth nella valle che è nella campagna di Moab, verso l’altura del Pisga che domina il deserto.

21 Or Israele mandò ambasciatori a Sihon, re degli Amorei, per dirgli:

22 "Lasciami passare per il tuo paese; noi non ci svieremo per i campi né per le vigne, non berremo l’acqua dei pozzi; seguiremo la strada pubblica finché abbiamo oltrepassato i tuoi confini".

23 Ma Sihon non permise a Israele di passare per i suoi confini; anzi radunò tutta la sua gente e uscì fuori contro Israele nel deserto; giunse a Jahats, e diè battaglia a Israele.

24 Israele lo sconfisse passandolo a fil di spada, e conquistò il suo paese dall’Arnon fino al Jabbok, sino ai confini de’ figliuoli di Ammon, poiché la frontiera dei figliuoli di Ammon era forte.

25 E Israele prese tutte quelle città, e abitò in tutte le città degli Amorei: in Heshbon e in tutte le città del suo territorio;

26 poiché Heshbon era la città di Sihon, re degli Amorei, il quale avea mosso guerra al precedente re di Moab, e gli avea tolto tutto il suo paese fino all’Arnon.

27 Per questo dicono i poeti: "Venite a Heshbon! La città di Sihon sia ricostruita e fortificata!

28 Poiché un fuoco è uscito da Heshbon una fiamma dalla città di Sihon; essa ha divorato Ar di Moab,

29 i padroni delle alture dell’Arnon. Guai e te, o Moab! Sei perduto, o popolo di Kemosh! Kemosh ha fatto de’ suoi figliuoli tanti fuggiaschi, e ha dato le sue figliuole come schiave a Sihon, re degli Amorei.

30 Noi abbiamo scagliato su loro le nostre frecce; Heshbon è distrutta fino a Dibon. Abbiam tutto devastato fino a Nofah, il fuoco e giunto fino a Medeba".

31 Così Israele si stabilì nel paese degli Amorei.

32 Poi Mosè mandò a esplorare Jaezer, e gl’Israeliti presero le città del suo territorio e ne cacciarono gli Amorei che vi si trovavano.

33 E, mutata direzione, risalirono il paese in direzione di Bashan; e Og, re di Bashan, uscì contro loro con tutta la sua gente per dar loro battaglia a Edrei.

34 Ma l’Eterno disse a Mosè: "Non lo temere; poiché io lo do nelle tue mani: lui, tutta la sua gente e il suo paese; trattalo com’hai trattato Sihon, re degli Amorei che abitava a Heshbon".

35 E gli Israeliti batteron lui, coi suoi figliuoli e con tutto il suo popolo, in guisa che non gli rimase più anima viva; e s’impadronirono del suo paese.

   

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Apocalypse Explained # 70

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70. The reason why the feet are said to be like unto fine brass is, that by fine brass is meant brass polished and shining, like something fiery; and brass in the Word signifies natural good. Metals, like all other things in the Word, are significative. Gold in the Word signifies celestial good, which is inmost good; silver signifies its truth, which is spiritual good; brass natural good, which is ultimate good, and iron its truth, which is natural truth. That such things are signified by metals, is from correspondence; for many things are seen in heaven shining like gold and silver, and also many things shining like brass and iron. And it is there known, that by those things are signified the above-mentioned kinds of good and truth; this is why the ancients, who were in the knowledge of correspondences, named the ages after those metals. The first age they called the golden age, because innocence, love and wisdom therefrom, then reigned; but the second age they called the silver age, because truth from that good, or spiritual good, and intelligence therefrom, then reigned; the third age they called the brazen, or copper, age, because only natural good, which is what is just and sincere pertaining to moral life, then reigned; but the last age they called the iron age, because only truth without good then reigned, and when that reigns, then also falsity reigns. The reason why the ages were thus distinguished, was from the spiritual signification of those metals.

[2] From these considerations it is evident what is signified by the statue of Nebuchadnezzar, seen in his dream,

"whose head was of gold, the chest and arms of silver, the belly and thighs of brass, the legs of iron, and the feet partly of iron and partly of clay" (Dan. 2:32, 33).

The state of the church from its first time to its last as to good and truth, is here signified; its last time was when the Lord came into the world.

When it is known that gold signifies celestial good, silver spiritual good, brass natural good, and iron natural truth, many arcana in the Word where those metals are mentioned can be known. For example, what is signified by these words in Isaiah:

"For brass I will bring gold, for iron I will bring silver, and for wood brass, and for stones iron; I will also make thy government peace, and thine exactors justice" (60:17).

[3] But as the signification of brass is what is here treated of, as being natural good, it is necessary only to adduce a few passages where brass is mentioned and signifies that good. Thus in Moses:

"Asher acceptable to his brethren, and dipping his foot in oil; iron and brass thy shoe, and as thy day, thy fame" (Deuteronomy 33:24, 25).

Asher, as one of the tribes, signifies the happiness of life, and the delight of the affections (see Arcana Coelestia 3938, 3939, 6408); to dip the foot in oil signifies natural delight (that oil denotes delight, see n. 9954, and that the foot denotes the Natural, see above, n. 69); the shoe being iron and brass signifies the lowest Natural derived from truth and good, shoe denoting the lowest Natural (see n. 1748, 1860, 6844); iron is its truth, and brass its good, as above. Again,

"Jehovah thy God will bring thee into a rich land; a land out of whose stones thou shalt cut iron, and out of whose mountains brass" (Deuteronomy 8:7, 9).

And in Jeremiah:

"I will give thee unto this people for a fortified wall of brass, that they may fight against thee, and not prevail over thee" (15:20).

And in Ezekiel:

"Javan, Tubal, and Mesech, they were thy merchants; with the soul of man and vessels of brass they gave thy merchandise" (27:13).

In this chapter the merchandises of Tyre are treated of, by which are signified the knowledges (cognitiones) of good and truth. By the names Javan, Tubal, and Mesech, are signified those things that pertain to good and truth, to which the knowledges relate; the soul of man denotes the truth of life; vessels of brass denote scientifics of natural good.

[4] (What is signified by Tyre, may be seen, Arcana Coelestia 1201; what by merchandises, n. 2967, 4453; what by Tubal and Mesech, n. 1151; what by Javan, n. 1152, 1153, 1155; what by the soul of man, n. 2930, 9050, 9281; what by vessels, n. 3068, 3079, 3316, 3318.)

Again, in the same prophet:

The feet of the cherubs "shone like the appearance of polished brass" (1:7).

(What the cherubs and the feet signify, may be seen above, n. 69.) And in the same prophet:

"I saw, and, lo, a man, whose appearance was like the appearance of brass, and a thread of flax in his hands; he stood in the gate" (40:3).

Because the angel here mentioned measured the wall and the gates of the house of God, which signify the externals of the church, his appearance was seen to be the appearance of brass.

He who knows that brass signifies the external of the church, which in itself is natural, may in some measure understand why the altar of burnt-offering was overlaid with brass, and the gate round it was of brass, and the vessels of brass (Exodus 27:1-4), also why the great vessel, which was called the sea, with the twelve oxen under it, and the ten lavers with the bases, and also all the vessels of the tabernacle for the house of God, were made by Solomon of polished brass (1 Kings 7:43-47). He who knows what brass signifies, can also enter into the arcanum why a serpent of brass was commanded to be set up for the people to look at, concerning which it is thus written in Moses:

"Jehovah sent serpents among the people, which bit the people. And he said unto Moses, Make thee a serpent, and set it upon a pole; and it shall come to pass that every one that is bitten, when he hath looked upon it, shall live. And Moses made a serpent of brass, and set it upon a pole, and it came to pass, that when a serpent had bitten any man, and he looked upon the serpent of brass, he lived" (Numbers 21:6, 8, 9).

That the Lord was signified by that serpent, He himself teaches in John:

"As Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of man be lifted up, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life" (3:14, 15).

By the serpent is signified the ultimate of life in man, which is called the external Sensual, which is natural. To represent this ultimate, which in the Lord was Divine, among the sons of Israel, with whom all things were representative, a serpent of brass was made; and the signification was, that, if they looked to the Divine Human of the Lord, they would revive, that is, if they believed in Him, they should have eternal life, as the Lord himself also teaches. (That to see in the spiritual sense is to believe, may be seen above, n. 37, 68; and that a serpent denotes the external Sensual, which is the ultimate of the life of man, see Arcana Coelestia 195-197, 6398, 6949, 10313.) That brass and iron in the Word also signify what is hard, as in Isaiah 48:4; Dan. 7:19; and other places, will be seen in the following pages.

  
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Translation by Isaiah Tansley. Many thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.