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Levitico 23

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1 L’Eterno parlò ancora a Mosè, dicendo:

2 "Parla ai figliuoli d’Israele e di’ loro: Ecco le solennità dell’Eterno, che voi bandirete come sante convocazioni. Le mie solennità son queste.

3 Durante sei giorni si attenderà al lavoro; ma il settimo giorno è sabato, giorno di completo riposo e di santa convocazione. Non farete in esso lavoro alcuno; è un riposo consacrato all’Eterno in tutti i luoghi dove abiterete.

4 Queste sono le solennità dell’Eterno, le sante convocazioni che bandirete ai tempi stabiliti.

5 Il primo mese, il quattordicesimo giorno del mese, sull’imbrunire, sarà la Pasqua dell’Eterno;

6 e il quindicesimo giorno dello stesso mese sarà la festa dei pani azzimi in onore dell’Eterno; per sette giorni mangerete pane senza lievito.

7 Il primo giorno avrete una santa convocazione; non farete in esso alcuna opera servile;

8 e per sette giorni offrirete all’Eterno de’ sacrifizi mediante il fuoco. Il settimo giorno si avrà una santa convocazione, non farete alcuna opera servile".

9 L’Eterno parlò ancora a Mosè, dicendo:

10 "Parla ai figliuoli d’Israele, di’ loro: Quando sarete entrati nel paese che io vi do e ne mieterete la raccolta, porterete al sacerdote una mannella, come primizia della vostra raccolta;

11 e il sacerdote agiterà la mannella davanti all’Eterno, perché sia gradita per il vostro bene; il sacerdote l’agiterà il giorno dopo il sabato.

12 E il giorno che agiterete la mannella, offrirete un agnello di un anno, che sia senza difetto, come olocausto all’Eterno.

13 L’oblazione che l’accompagna sarà di due decimi di un efa di fior di farina intrisa con olio, come sacrifizio mediante il fuoco, di soave odore all’Eterno; la libazione sarà d’un quarto di un hin di vino.

14 Non mangerete pane, né grano arrostito, né spighe fresche, fino a quel giorno, fino a che abbiate portata l’offerta al vostro Dio. E’ una legge perpetua, di generazione in generazione, in tutti i luoghi dove abiterete.

15 Dall’indomani del sabato, dal giorno che avrete portato la mannella dell’offerta agitata, conterete sette settimane intere.

16 Conterete cinquanta giorni fino all’indomani del settimo sabato, e offrirete all’Eterno una nuova oblazione.

17 Porterete dai luoghi dove abiterete due pani per un’offerta agitata, i quali saranno di due decimi di un efa di fior di farina e cotti con del lievito; sono le primizie offerte all’Eterno.

18 E con que’ pani offrirete sette agnelli dell’anno, senza difetto, un giovenco e due montoni, che saranno un olocausto all’Eterno assieme alla loro oblazione e alle loro libazioni; sarà un sacrifizio di soave odore fatto mediante il fuoco all’Eterno.

19 E offrirete un capro come sacrifizio per il peccato, e due agnelli dell’anno come sacrifizio di azioni di grazie.

20 Il sacerdote agiterà gli agnelli col pane delle primizie, come offerta agitata davanti all’Eterno; e tanto i pani quanto i due agnelli consacrati all’Eterno apparterranno al sacerdote.

21 In quel medesimo giorno bandirete la festa, e avrete una santa convocazione. Non farete alcun’opera servile. E’ una legge perpetua, di generazione in generazione, in tutti i luoghi dove abiterete.

22 Quando mieterete la raccolta della vostra terra, non mieterai fino all’ultimo canto il tuo campo, e non raccoglierai ciò che resta da spigolare della tua raccolta; lo lascerai per il povero e per il forestiero. Io sono l’Eterno, l’Iddio vostro".

23 L’Eterno parlò ancora a Mosè, dicendo:

24 "Parla ai figliuoli d’Israele, di’ loro: Il settimo mese, il primo giorno del mese avrete un riposo solenne, una commemorazione fatta a suon di tromba, una santa convocazione.

25 Non farete alcun’opera servile, e offrirete all’Eterno dei sacrifizi mediante il fuoco".

26 L’Eterno parlò ancora a Mosè, dicendo:

27 "Il decimo giorno di questo settimo mese sarà il giorno delle espiazioni; avrete una santa convocazione, umilierete le anime vostre e offrirete all’Eterno de’ sacrifizi mediante il fuoco.

28 In quel giorno non farete alcun lavoro; poiché è un giorno d’espiazione, destinato a fare espiazione per voi davanti all’Eterno, ché l’Iddio vostro.

29 Poiché, ogni persona che non si umilierà in quel giorno, sarà sterminata di fra il suo popolo.

30 E ogni persona che farà in quel giorno qualsivoglia lavoro, io la distruggerò di fra il suo popolo.

31 Non farete alcun lavoro. E’ una legge perpetua, di generazione in generazione, in tutti i luoghi dove abiterete.

32 Sarà per voi un sabato di completo riposo, e umilierete le anime vostre; il nono giorno del mese, dalla sera alla sera seguente, celebrerete il vostro sabato".

33 L’Eterno parlò ancora a Mosè, dicendo:

34 "Parla ai figliuoli d’Israele, e di’ loro: Il quindicesimo giorno di questo settimo mese sarà la festa delle Capanne, durante sette giorni, in onore dell’Eterno.

35 Il primo giorno vi sarà una santa convocazione; non farete alcuna opera servile.

36 Per sette giorni offrirete all’Eterno dei sacrifizi mediante il fuoco. L’ottavo giorno avrete una santa convocazione, e offrirete all’Eterno dei sacrifizi mediante il fuoco. E’ giorno di solenne raunanza; non farete alcuna opera servile.

37 Queste sono le solennità dell’Eterno che voi bandirete come sante convocazioni, perché si offrano all’Eterno sacrifizi mediante il fuoco, olocausti e oblazioni, vittime e libazioni, ogni cosa al giorno stabilito,

38 oltre i sabati dell’Eterno, oltre i vostri doni, oltre tutti i vostri voti e tutte le offerte volontarie che presenterete all’Eterno.

39 Or il quindicesimo giorno del settimo mese, quando avrete raccolto i frutti della terra, celebrerete una festa all’Eterno, durante sette giorni; il primo giorno sarà di completo riposo; e l’ottavo, di completo riposo.

40 Il primo giorno prenderete del frutto di alberi d’ornamento: rami di palma, rami dalla verzura folta e salci de’ torrenti, e vi rallegrerete dinanzi all’Eterno, ch’è l’Iddio vostro, durante sette giorni.

41 Celebrerete questa festa in onore dell’Eterno per sette giorni, ogni anno. E’ una legge perpetua, di generazione in generazione. La celebrerete il settimo mese.

42 Dimorerete in capanne durante sette giorni; tutti quelli che saranno nativi d’Israele dimoreranno in capanne,

43 affinché i vostri discendenti sappiano che io feci dimorare in capanne i figliuoli d’Israele, quando li trassi fuori dal paese d’Egitto. Io sono l’Eterno, l’Iddio vostro".

44 Così Mosè dette ai figliuoli d’Israele le istruzioni relative alle solennità dell’Eterno.

   

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Arcana Coelestia # 9296

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9296. 'And the feast of ingathering at the end of the year, when you have gathered in [the fruit of] your labours from the field' means the worship of a thankful mind on account of the implanting of good after that, and so on account of regeneration and complete deliverance from damnation. This is clear from the meaning of 'the feast' as worship of the Lord and thanksgiving, dealt with above in 9286, 9287, 9294, and so the worship of a thankful mind; from the meaning of 'ingathering', when speaking of the implanting of truth in good, as the implanting of good itself; from the meaning of 'the end of the year' as the end of labours; and from the meaning of 'when you have gathered in [the fruit of] your labours from the field' as the enjoyment and use of all that has been planted in good. For not only products of the field are meant by 'labours' but also those of the vineyard and the olive-grove, so that the fruits of the earth are meant, as is evident from the description of this feast in Moses,

You shall celebrate the feast of tabernacles seven days, when you gather in from your threshing-floor, and from your winepress. And Jehovah your God will bless you in all your produce, and in all the labour of your hands. Deuteronomy 16:13, 15.

And elsewhere,

On the fifteenth day of the seventh month, when you have gathered in the fruit of the earth, you shall keep the feast of Jehovah seven days. Leviticus 23:39.

[2] Since this feast means worshipping the Lord with a thankful mind on account of the implanting of good, and so on account of complete deliverance from damnation, what the implanting of good is must first be explained here. It has been shown in various places already that a person has two powers of life - the understanding and the will - and that the understanding is dedicated to receiving truth and the will to receiving good. For there are two realities to which all things throughout creation, both in heaven and in the world, have connection, namely truth and good. From this it is also evident that these two realities compose a person's life, that the truth of faith and the good of charity compose his new life, and that unless they have both been implanted in the person he has no new life. In what way the truth of faith is sown and implanted in a person is well known in the Church, but in what way the good of charity is, is not as yet so well known. When a person is a young child he receives good from the Lord, that good being the good of innocence as it exists with young children. This good composes the first beginnings of a new will with a person, and it develops in the next period of life in the measure that he leads an innocent life among those of his own age, behaves properly in life and does what he is told by parents and teachers. It develops more fully however with those who subsequently allow themselves to be regenerated. This the Lord foresees, and according to the state of their subsequent life He makes provision for it. For in every present moment the Lord foresees what is bad and provides what is good; He does so from the moment the person is conceived even into eternity. At a later stage, when the person has grown up and starts to think from self, then to the extent that he is carried away by the delights of self-love and love of the world that new will, that is, first beginnings of a new will, is closed, and to the extent that he is not carried away by those delights it is opened and also perfected.

[3] But in what way it is perfected through the implanting of truth must be stated next. That new will, which is formed from the good of innocence, is the dwelling-place by means of which the Lord comes in and resides with a person, rousing the person to will what is good, and from willing good to doing it. This influx is effective with a person to the extent that he refrains from evils. It gives him the ability to know, see into, reflect on, and have an understanding of truths and forms of good. The truths and forms of good occur on the level of both private and public life, and he receives that ability according to his delight in service. After this the Lord flows by way of that good into the truths the person knows from the teachings of the Church; He then summons from his memory the kinds of truths that may help him serve usefully in life, implanting those truths in the good and perfecting it. So it is that the good present with a person depends entirely on his service in life. If that service is rendered for his neighbour's benefit, that is, for the good of fellow-citizen, country, Church, heaven, and for the Lord, then that good is the good of charity. But if his service in life is rendered solely for the sake of self and the world, then those first beginnings of a new will are closed. Below them a will is formed from the evils of self-love and love of the world, and arising from this an understanding from falsities. This will is closed above and open below, that is, it is closed in heaven's direction and open in the world's. All this shows in what way truths are planted in good and give it form. It also shows that when a person is governed by good he is in heaven with the Lord; for as stated above, the new will, where the good of charity resides, is the Lord's dwelling-place and is therefore heaven with a person. And the new understanding extending from it is so to speak a tabernacle or booth through which people pass in and out.

[4] These kinds of things in general and in particular were represented by this feast, which was a feast of ingathering of the fruits of the earth, and was called the feast of tabernacles. The establishment of this feast, spoken of in Moses as follows, shows that this is so,

On the fifteenth day of the seventh month, when you have gathered in the fruit of the earth, you shall keep the feast of Jehovah seven days; on the first day there shall be a sabbath, and on the eighth day a sabbath. And you shall take for yourselves on the first day the fruit of a fine tree, 1 fronds of palm trees, and the bough of a thick tree, and willows of the powerful stream; and you shall be glad before Jehovah your God seven days. You shall dwell in tabernacles seven days. All native Israelites shall dwell in tabernacles, that your generations may know that I caused the children of Israel to dwell in tabernacles when I brought them out of the land of Egypt. Leviticus 23:39-44.

And elsewhere,

You shall celebrate the feast of tabernacles seven days, when you gather in from your threshing-floor, and from your press. You shall be glad in your feast, you and your son and your daughter and your male slave and your female slave and the Levite and the sojourner and the orphan and the widow who are within your gates. And you will be altogether glad. Deuteronomy 16:13-15.

[5] The state when good has been implanted by the Lord through truth, thus the state when heaven resides with a person, was represented by this feast. This is evident from the internal sense of all that is mentioned in these passages, which is this: The fifteenth day of the seventh month means the end of the former state and the beginning of a new state. (That this is the meaning of the fifteenth, see 8400, and also of the seventh, 728, 6508, 8976, 9228.) The fruit of the earth, which had been gathered in by then, means the good of charity, 43, 55, 913, 983, 2846, 2847, 3146, 7690, 7692. Gathering in from the threshing-floor and from the press has a similar meaning. For grain, which is a product of the threshing-floor, is the good of truth, 5295, 5410; wine, which is a product of the press, is truth derived from good, 6377; and oil, which is also a product of the press, is good which is a source of truth, 886, 3728, 4582, 4638. A sabbath on the first day and a sabbath on the eighth day mean the joining of truth to good, and in a reciprocal manner the joining of good to truth, the sabbath meaning truth and good joined together, 8495, 8510, 8890, 8893, 9274. The reason why the eighth day too was called a sabbath is that eighth meant the beginning of a new state, 2044, 8400 (end).

[6] The fruit of a fine tree which they were to take on the first day meant festivity and joy because good had been implanted, which is why the words you shall be glad before Jehovah follow; fronds of palm trees meant internal truths of that good, 8369; the bough of a thick (or tangled) tree meant relatively external truths of good, or known facts, 2831, 8133; and willows of the powerful stream meant rather more external truths, which belong to impressions received by the bodily senses. The tabernacles in which they were to dwell seven days means the holiness of love received from the Lord and offered in return to the Lord, 414, 1102, 2145, 2152, 3312, 3391, 4391, 4599, also the holiness of union, 8666. Native Israelites means those governed by the good of charity, and therefore also means - in the abstract sense - that good, 3654, 4598, 5801, 5803, 5806, 5812, 5817, 5819, 5826, 5833, 6426, 7957. The rejoicing of all at that time meant the joy such as that felt by those who are governed by good received from the Lord, thus such as that felt by those in heaven. For one who is governed by the good of charity received from the Lord is in heaven with the Lord. These are the things on account of which that feast was established.

Poznámky pod čarou:

1. literally, a tree of honour

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.