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Levitico 14

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1 L’Eterno parlò ancora a Mosè, dicendo:

2 "Questa è la legge relativa al lebbroso per il giorno della sua purificazione. Egli sarà menato al sacerdote.

3 Il sacerdote uscirà dal campo, e l’esaminerà; e se vedrà che la piaga della lebbra è guarita nel lebbroso,

4 il sacerdote ordinerà che si prendano, per colui che dev’esser purificato, due uccelli vivi, puri, del legno di cedro, dello scarlatto e dell’issopo.

5 Il sacerdote ordinerà che si sgozzi uno degli uccelli in un vaso di terra su dell’acqua viva.

6 Poi prenderà l’uccello vivo, il legno di cedro, lo scarlatto e l’issopo, e l’immergerà, con l’uccello vivo, nel sangue dell’uccello sgozzato sopra l’acqua viva.

7 Ne aspergerà sette volte colui che dev’esser purificato dalla lebbra; lo dichiarerà puro, e lascerà andar libero per i campi l’uccello vivo.

8 Colui che si purifica si laverà le vesti, si raderà tutti i peli, si laverà nell’acqua, e sarà puro. Dopo questo potrà entrar nel campo, ma resterà sette giorni fuori della sua tenda.

9 Il settimo giorno si raderà tutti i peli, il capo, la barba, le ciglia: si raderà insomma tutti i peli, si laverà le vesti e si laverà il corpo nell’acqua, e sarà puro.

10 L’ottavo giorno prenderà due agnelli senza difetto, un’agnella d’un anno senza difetto, tre decimi d’un efa di fior di farina, una oblazione, intrisa con olio, e un log d’olio;

11 e il sacerdote che fa la purificazione, presenterà colui che si purifica e quelle cose davanti all’Eterno, all’ingresso della tenda di convegno.

12 Poi il sacerdote prenderà uno degli agnelli e l’offrirà come sacrifizio di riparazione, con il log d’olio, e li agiterà come offerta agitata davanti all’Eterno.

13 Poi scannerà l’agnello nel luogo dove si scannano i sacrifizi per il peccato e gli olocausti: vale a dire, nel luogo sacro; poiché il sacrifizio di riparazione appartiene al sacerdote, come quello per il peccato; è cosa santissima.

14 E il sacerdote prenderà del sangue del sacrifizio di riparazione e lo metterà sull’estremità dell’orecchio destro di colui che si purifica, sul pollice della sua man destra e sul dito grosso del suo piedi destro.

15 Poi il sacerdote prenderà dell’olio del log, e lo verserà nella palma della sua mano sinistra;

16 quindi il sacerdote intingerà il dito della sua destra nell’olio che avrà nella sinistra, e col dito farà sette volte aspersione di quell’olio davanti all’Eterno.

17 E del rimanente dell’olio che avrà in mano, il sacerdote ne metterà sull’estremità dell’orecchio destro di colui che si purifica, sul pollice della sua man destra e sul dito grosso del suo piede destro, oltre al sangue del sacrifizio di riparazione.

18 Il resto dell’olio che avrà in mano, il sacerdote lo metterà sul capo di colui che si purifica; e il sacerdote farà per lui l’espiazione davanti all’Eterno.

19 Poi il sacerdote offrirà il sacrifizio per il peccato, e farà l’espiazione per colui che si purifica della sua impurità; quindi, scannerà l’olocausto.

20 Il sacerdote offrirà l’olocausto e l’oblazione sull’altare; farà per quel tale l’espiazione, ed egli sarà puro.

21 Se colui è povero e non può procurarsi quel tanto, prenderà un solo agnello da offrire in sacrifizio di riparazione come offerta agitata, per fare l’espiazione per lui, e un solo decimo d’un efa di fior di farina intrisa con olio, come oblazione, e un log d’olio.

22 Prenderà pure due tortore o due giovani piccioni, secondo i suoi mezzi; uno sarà per il sacrifizio per il peccato, e l’altro per l’olocausto.

23 L’ottavo giorno porterà, per la sua purificazione, queste cose al sacerdote, all’ingresso della tenda di convegno, davanti all’Eterno.

24 E il sacerdote prenderà l’agnello del sacrifizio di riparazione e il log d’olio, e li agiterà come offerta agitata davanti all’Eterno.

25 Poi scannerà l’agnello del sacrifizio di riparazione. Il sacerdote prenderà del sangue del sacrifizio di riparazione, e lo metterà sull’estremità dell’orecchio destro di colui che si purifica, e sul pollice della sua man destra e sul dito grosso del suo piede destro.

26 Il sacerdote verserà di quell’olio sulla palma della sua mano sinistra.

27 E col dito della sua man destra il sacerdote farà aspersione dell’olio che avrà nella mano sinistra, sette volte davanti all’Eterno.

28 Poi il sacerdote metterà dell’olio che avrà in mano, sull’estremità dell’orecchio destro di colui che si purifica, sul pollice della sua man destra e sul dito grosso del suo piede destro, nel luogo dove ha messo del sangue del sacrifizio di riparazione.

29 Il resto dell’olio che avrà in mano, il sacerdote lo metterà sul capo di colui che si purifica, per fare espiazione per lui davanti all’Eterno.

30 Poi sacrificherà una delle tortore o uno dei due giovani piccioni, secondo che ha potuto procurarsi;

31 delle vittime che ha potuto procurarsi, una offrirà come sacrifizio per il peccato, e l’altra come olocausto, insieme con l’oblazione; e il sacerdote farà l’espiazione davanti all’Eterno per colui che si purifica.

32 Questa è la legge relativa a colui ch’è affetto da piaga di lebbra, e non ha mezzi da procurarsi ciò ch’è richiesto per la sua purificazione".

33 L’Eterno parlò ancora a Mosè e ad Aaronne, dicendo:

34 "Quando sarete entrati nel paese di Canaan che io vi do come vostro possesso, se mando la piaga della lebbra in una casa del paese che sarà vostro possesso,

35 il padrone della casa andrà a dichiararlo al sacerdote, dicendo: Mi pare che in casa mia ci sia qualcosa di simile alla lebbra.

36 Allora il sacerdote ordinerà che si sgomberi la casa prima ch’egli v’entri per esaminare la piaga, affinché tutto quello che è nella casa non diventi impuro. Dopo questo, il sacerdote entrerà per esaminar la casa.

37 Ed esaminerà la piaga; e se vedrà che la piaga che è sui muri della casa consiste in fossette verdastre o rossastre che appaiano più profonde della superficie della parete,

38 il sacerdote uscirà dalla casa; e, giunto alla porta, farà chiudere la casa per sette giorni.

39 Il settimo giorno, il sacerdote vi tornerà; e se, esaminandola, vedrà che la piaga s’è allargata sulle pareti della casa,

40 il sacerdote ordinerà che se ne smurino le pietre sulle quali è la piaga, e che si gettino in luogo immondo, fuor di città.

41 Farà raschiare tutto l’interno della casa, e butteranno i calcinacci raschiati fuor di città, in luogo impuro.

42 Poi si prenderanno delle altre pietre e si metteranno al posto delle prime, e si prenderà dell’altra calcina per intonacare la casa.

43 E se la piaga torna ed erompe nella casa dopo averne smurate le pietre e dopo che la casa è stata raschiata e rintonacata,

44 il sacerdote entrerà ad esaminare la casa; e se vedrà che la piaga vi s’è allargata, nella casa c’è della lebbra maligna; la casa è impura.

45 Perciò si demolirà la casa; e se ne porteranno le pietre, il legname e i calcinacci fuori della città, in luogo impuro.

46 Inoltre, chiunque sarà entrato in quella casa durante tutto il tempo che è stata chiusa, sarà impuro fino alla sera.

47 Chi avrà dormito in quella casa, si laverà le vesti; e chi avrà mangiato in quella casa, si laverà le vesti.

48 E se il sacerdote che è entrato nella casa e l’ha esaminata vede che la piaga non s’è allargata nella casa dopo che la casa è stata rintonacata, il sacerdote dichiarerà la casa pura, perché la piaga è guarita.

49 Poi, per purificare la casa, prenderà due uccelli, del legno di cedro, dello scarlatto e dell’issopo;

50 sgozzerà uno degli uccelli in un vaso di terra su dell’acqua viva;

51 e prenderà il legno di cedro, l’issopo, lo scarlatto e l’uccello vivo, e l’immergerà nel sangue dell’uccello sgozzato e nell’acqua viva, e ne aspergerà sette volte la casa.

52 E purificherà la casa col sangue dell’uccello, dell’acqua viva, dell’uccello vivo, col legno di cedro, con l’issopo e con lo scarlatto;

53 ma lascerà andar libero l’uccello vivo, fuor di città, per i campi; e così farà l’espiazione per la casa ed essa sarà pura.

54 Questa è la legge relativa a ogni sorta di piaga di lebbra e alla tigna,

55 alla lebbra delle vesti e della casa,

56 ai tumori, alle pustole e alle macchie lucide,

57 per insegnare quando una cosa è impura e quando è pura. Questa è la legge relativa alla lebbra".

   

Ze Swedenborgových děl

 

Arcana Coelestia # 3301

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3301. That a “hairy garment” [tunica] signifies the truth of the natural, is evident from the signification of a “garment” [tunica] as being that which invests something else, and here therefore it signifies truth, because this invests good; for truth is as a vesture (n. 1073, 2576); or what is nearly the same, truth is a vessel receiving good (n. 1469, 1496, 1832, 1900, 2063, 2261, 2269); and also from the signification of “hairy,” as being the natural in respect to truth. “Hair,” or the “hair of the head,” is frequently mentioned in the Word, and there signifies the natural; the reason is that hair is an excrescence in the outermost parts of man, just as is the natural also relatively to his rational and to the interior things thereof. It appears to man, while he lives in the body, that the natural is his all, but this is so far from being true that the natural is rather an excrescence from his internals, as hair is from the things of the body. The two also proceed from the internals in almost the same way. Hence it is that men who in the life of the body have been merely natural, in the other life, when presented to view in accordance with that state, appear as if covered with hair over almost the whole face. Moreover man’s natural is represented by the hair of the head; when it is from good, it is represented by becoming and carefully arranged hair; but when not from good, by unbecoming and disheveled hair.

[2] It is from this representative that in the Word “hair” signifies the natural, especially as to truth; as in Zechariah:

And it shall come to pass in that day that the prophets shall be ashamed, a man by reason of his vision, when he hath prophesied, neither shall they wear a hairy tunic to deceive (Zech. 13:4).

“Prophets” denote those who teach truths, here those who teach falsities (n. 2534); “vision” denotes truths, here falsities; a “hairy tunic” denotes the natural as to truth; and because there was no truth, but rather falsity, it is said, “to deceive.” Prophets were clothed with such raiment in order to represent that truth, because it is external. Therefore also Elijah the Tishbite from such clothing is called a “hairy man” (2 Kings 1:8); and John, who was the last of the prophets, had “raiment of camel’s hair” (Matthew 3:4). (That “camels” are memory-knowledges in the natural man, may be seen above, n. 3048, 3071, 3143, 3145; and also that memory-knowledges are the truths of the natural, n. 3293)

[3] That the “hair of the head” signified the natural as to truth is plainly evident from the Nazirites, to whom it was commanded that during all the days of their Naziriteship no razor should pass upon their head, until the days were fulfilled during which they separated themselves to Jehovah, and then they should let down the locks of their head, and that then they should shave the head of their Naziriteship at the door of the tent of meeting, and should put the hair upon the fire which was under the eucharistic sacrifice (Numbers 6:5, 18). The Nazirites represented the Lord as to the Divine Human; and thence the man of the celestial church, who is a likeness of the the Lord, (n. 51); and the natural of this man is represented by the hair; and therefore, when the Nazirites were sanctified they were to put off their old or former natural man, into which they were born, and were to put on a new man; which was signified by the command that when the days had been fulfilled during which they were to separate themselves to Jehovah, they were to let down the locks of their head, and put them upon the fire under the sacrifice. For the state of the celestial man is such that he is in good, and from good knows all truths, and never thinks and speaks from truths about good, still less does he think and speak about good from memory-knowledges (see n. 202, 337, 2715, 2718, 3246). Moreover celestial men are such that before they put off that state they are in a natural so strong as to truth that they are able to battle with the hells; for it is truth that fights, and never good, as the hells cannot make even a distant approach to good. (That such is the case with truth and good may be seen above, n. 1950, 1951.)

[4] From this it is evident whence Samson had strength from his hair; concerning whom it is said:

The angel of Jehovah appeared to the woman saying, Behold thou shalt conceive, and bear a son, and no razor shall come upon his head; for the child shall be a Nazirite unto God from the womb (Judg. 13:3, 5);

and afterwards it is related that he told Delilah that if he should be shaven, his strength would depart from him, and he would be rendered weak; and after he had been shaven his strength departed, and the Philistines seized him; and afterwards, when the hair of his head began to grow again after he was shaven, his strength returned, so that he pulled down the pillars of the house (Judges 16). Who does not see that in these things there is a heavenly arcanum, which no one knows unless he has been instructed concerning representatives; namely, that the Nazirite represents the celestial man, and that so long as he had hair he represented the natural of this man, which as before said is in truth thus powerful and strong. And as at that time all representatives that were commanded by the Lord had such force and effect, this was the source of Samson’s strength. But Samson was not a sanctified Nazirite like those described above, namely, as having put on a state of good instead of truth. The effect of his strength by reason of his hair was principally from his representing the Lord, who from the natural man as to truth fought with the hells and subdued them, and this before he put on the Divine good and truth even as to the natural man.

[5] From this also it is evident why it was commanded that the high priest, upon whose head was poured the oil of anointing, and whose hand was consecrated to put on the garments, should not shave his head, nor rend his clothes (Leviticus 21:10); and similarly that the priests the Levites (where the new temple is treated of) were not to shave their heads, nor let down their hair (Ezekiel 44:20); namely, that they might represent the Lord’s Divine natural as to the truth which is from good, and which is called the truth of good. That “hair,” or a “head of hair” signifies the natural as to truth is evident also from the prophecies of the Word, as in Ezekiel:

I set thee as the bud of the field, whence thou didst grow, and didst grow up into beauties of beauties; the breasts have become firm, and thine hair was grown (Ezekiel 16:7); where Jerusalem is treated of, which here signifies the Ancient Church, which in process of time had become perverted. The “breasts become firm” denote natural good; the “hair that was grown,” natural truth.

[6] In Daniel:

I beheld till the thrones were cast down, and the Ancient of Days did sit. His raiment was white as snow, and the hair of His head like the pure wool; His throne was fiery flames (Daniel 7:9).

And in John:

In the midst of the lampstands one like unto the Son of man, clothed with a garment down to the foot, and girt about at the paps with a golden girdle. And His head and His hair were white as white wool, as snow; and His eyes were as a flame of fire (Revelation 1:13-14);

“hair white like pure wool” denotes the Divine natural as to truth. In the Word, and in the rituals of the Jewish Church, truth itself was represented by white, which being from good, is called “pure wool.” The reason why the representation of truth is by white, and the representation of good by red, is that truth is of light, and good is of the fire from which the light proceeds.

[7] Like other expressions in the Word, “hair” has also an opposite sense, and signifies the natural as to truth perverted, as in Isaiah:

In that day shall the Lord shave with a razor that is hired, in the passages of the river, with the King of Assyria, the head and the hair of the feet; and it shall also consume the beard (Isaiah 7:20).

In Ezekiel:

Son of man, take thee a sharp sword, a barber’s razor shalt thou take unto thee, and shalt cause it to pass upon thine head, and upon thy beard; and take thee balances to weigh, and divide the hairs. A third part shalt thou burn with fire in the midst of the city; thou shalt take a third part and smite with the sword round about the city; and a third part thou shalt scatter to the wind; and thou shalt take thereof a few in number, and bind them in thy skirts; and of these again shalt thou take, and cast them into the midst of the fire, and burn them in the fire; therefrom shall a fire come forth unto all the house of Israel (Ezekiel 5:1-4).

In this manner it is representatively described that there is no longer any interior and exterior natural truth, which is signified by the “hair” and the “beard.” That lusts have destroyed it is signified by its being “burned with fire”; that reasonings have destroyed it is signified by “smiting with the sword round about the city”; that false principles have destroyed it, is signified by “scattering it to the wind.” The meaning of this passage is similar to what the Lord teaches in Matthew, that of the seed, which is truth, some fell among thorns, some on the rock, and some upon the way (Matthew 13:1-9).

[8] That the “hair of the head” signifies the unclean truths and falsities which are of the natural man, was represented also by the command that when a woman that had been taken captive from the enemy was to be married, she was to be brought into the house, the hair of her head was to be shaved, her nails were to be pared, and the raiment of her captivity was to be put off (Deuteronomy 21:12-13); also that when the Levites were consecrated, the water of expiation was to be sprinkled upon them, they were to cause a razor to pass over all their flesh, and their clothes were to be washed, and thus they were to be cleansed (Numbers 8:7); and also that Nebuchadnezzar was driven out from men to eat grass like oxen, and his body to be wet with the dew of heaven, until his hair grew like eagles’ feathers, and his nails like birds’ claws (Daniel 4:33). That in leprosy the colors of the hair and beard were to be observed, as to whether they were white, reddish, yellow, black, and also those of the garments; and that he who was cleansed from leprosy should shave off all the hair of the head, beard, and eyebrows (Leviticus 13,14:8-9), signified unclean falsities from what is profane, which in the internal sense is “leprosy.”

[9] “Baldness” however signified the natural in which there was nothing of truth, as in Isaiah:

He is gone up to Bayith, and to Dibon, to the high places, to weep over Nebo, and Moab shall howl over Medeba; on all their heads is baldness, every beard is shaved (Isaiah 15:2).

In the same:

It shall come to pass that instead of braided work there shall be baldness, and branding instead of beauty (Isaiah 3:24).

That the children who said to Elisha, “Go up, thou bald-head; go up, thou bald-head,” were torn in pieces by bears from the wood (2 Kings 2:23-24) represented those who blaspheme the Word, speaking as if there were no truth in it; for Elisha represented the Lord as to the Word (n. 2762). From this it is now manifest how much power there was at that time in representatives.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Foundation for the permission to use this translation.