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Giudici 4

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1 Morto che fu Ehud, i figliuoli d’Israele continuarono a fare ciò ch’è male agli occhi dell’Eterno.

2 E l’Eterno li diede nelle mani di Iabin re di Canaan, che regnava a Hatsor. Il capo del suo esercito era Sisera che abitava a Harosceth-Goim.

3 E i figliuoli d’Israele gridarono all’Eterno, perché Iabin avea novecento carri di ferro, e già da venti anni opprimeva con violenza i figliuoli d’Israele.

4 Or in quel tempo era giudice d’Israele una profetessa, Debora, moglie di Lappidoth.

5 Essa sedeva sotto la palma di Debora, fra Rama e Bethel, nella contrada montuosa di Efraim, e figliuoli d’Israele salivano a lei per farsi rendere giustizia.

6 Or ella mandò a chiamare Barak, figliuolo di Abinoam, da Kades di Neftali, e gli disse: "L’Eterno, l’Iddio d’Israele, non t’ha egli dato quest’ordine: Va’, raduna sul monte Tabor e prendi teco diecimila uomini de’ figliuoli di Neftali e de’ figliuoli di Zabulon.

7 E io attirerò verso te, al torrente Kison, Sisera, capo dell’esercito di Iabin, coi suoi carri e la sua numerosa gente, e io lo darò nelle tue mani".

8 Barak le rispose: "Se vieni meco andrò; ma se non vieni meco, non andrò".

9 Ed ella disse: "Certamente, verrò con te; soltanto, la via per cui ti metti non ridonderà ad onor tuo; poiché l’Eterno darà Sisera in man d’una donna". E Debora si levò e andò con Barak a Kades.

10 E Barak convocò Zabulon e Neftali a Kades; diecimila uomini si misero al suo séguito, e Debora salì con lui.

11 Or Heber, il Keneo, s’era separato dai Kenei, discendenti di Hobab, suocero di Mosè, e avea piantate le sue tende fino al querceto di Tsaannaim, ch’è presso a Kades.

12 Fu riferito a Sisera che Barak, figliuolo di Abinoam, era salito sul monte Tabor.

13 E Sisera adunò tutti i suoi carri, novecento carri di ferro, e tutta la gente ch’era seco, da Harosceth-Goim fino al torrente Kison.

14 E Debora disse a Barak: "Lèvati, perché questo è il giorno in cui l’Eterno ha dato Sisera nelle tue mani. l’Eterno non va egli dinanzi a te?" Allora Barak scese dal monte Tabor, seguito da diecimila uomini.

15 E l’Eterno mise in rotta, davanti a Barak, Sisera con tutti i suoi carri e con tutto il suo esercito, che fu passato a fil di spada; e Sisera, sceso dal carro, si diè alla fuga a piedi.

16 Ma Barak inseguì i carri e l’esercito fino ad Harosceth-Goim; e tutto l’esercito di Sisera cadde sotto i colpi della spada, e non ne scampò un uomo.

17 Sisera fuggì a piedi verso la tenda di Jael, moglie di Heber, il Keneo, perché v’era pace fra Iabin, re di Hatsor, e la casa di Heber il Keneo.

18 E Jael uscì incontro a Sisera e gli disse: "Entra, signor mio, entra da me: non temere". Ed egli entrò da lei nella sua tenda, ed essa lo coprì con una coperta.

19 Ed egli le disse: "Deh, dammi un po’ d’acqua da bere perché ho sete". E quella, aperto l’otre del latte, gli diè da bere, e lo coprì.

20 Ed egli le disse: "Stattene all’ingresso della tenda; e se qualcuno viene a interrogarti dicendo: C’è qualcuno qui dentro? di’ di no".

21 Allora Jael, moglie di Heber, prese un piuolo della tenda; e, dato di piglio al martello, venne pian piano a lui, e gli piantò il piuolo nella tempia sì ch’esso penetrò in terra. Egli era profondamente addormentato e sfinito; e morì.

22 Ed ecco che, come Barak inseguiva Sisera, Jael uscì ad incontrarlo, e gli disse: "Vieni, e ti mostrerò l’uomo che cerchi". Ed egli entrò da lei; ed ecco, Sisera era steso morto, col piuolo nella tempia.

23 Così Dio umiliò quel giorno Iabin, re di Canaan, dinanzi ai figliuoli d’Israele.

24 E la mano de’ figliuoli d’Israele s’andò sempre più aggravando su Iabin, re di Canaan, finché ebbero sterminato Iabin, re di Canaan.

   

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Exploring the Meaning of Judges 4

Napsal(a) New Christian Bible Study Staff, Julian Duckworth

Judges 4: Deborah

Yet again, the children of Israel had disobeyed the Lord. At this point in time, they had been under the yoke of Jabin, a Canaanite king, for twenty years. He had nine hundred chariots of iron, and was apparently very powerful.

The Lord raised up Deborah, a prophetess, to free the Israelites from oppression under Jabin. The text says that she would pass judgements for the children of Israel while she sat under the palm tree of Deborah.

Deborah summoned Barak, an army officer, and told him to go with ten thousand men from the tribes of Naphtali and Zebulun to fight King Jabin’s armies. Barak said he would only go if Deborah went as well, so she agreed to join him. Deborah then prophesied that Sisera, the enemy commander, would be defeated by a woman.

The two armies clashed at by the River Kishon, and all of Sisera’s men were killed. Sisera then fled to the tent of Heber, an Israelite who was on peaceful terms with King Jabin. Jael, Heber’s wife, invited Sisera to come in with the comforting words, “fear not”. She covered him with a blanket, gave him milk to drink, and let him sleep there.

Then Jael quietly took a tent peg and drove it into Sisera’s temple using a hammer, so that the peg stuck in the earth. When Barak came to the tent, pursuing Sisera, Jael went out to tell him, “come, and I will show you the man you seek.” And she showed him Sisera, dead, with a peg through his temple.

So Jabin’s army was defeated that day, and Israel grew stronger until their oppression under Jabin came to an end.

*****

Deborah is an especially significant character in the Bible, because she was the only female judge of Israel. It was very unusual for a woman in those times to rise to power, yet she truly earned the respect of her people. Deborah, as a woman, stands for the nurturing power of the Word to strengthen us during regeneration. Her name means ‘a bee’, but this comes from a word meaning ‘to speak’ – here, to speak the Word. Bees make honey; honey is nutritious; God’s word is our nourishment (see Swedenborg’s work, Arcana Caelestia 3424[2]).

The fact that Deborah judged from under a palm tree may seem like a passing detail, but even this contributes to the spiritual meaning of the story. Palm trees stand for the divine truths of the Word, which means that Deborah was judging the people from her understanding of the Lord’s truths.

King Jabin’s nine hundred iron chariots represent the apparent power of false beliefs, thoughts and persuasions over us. The number ‘nine’ stands for something which is complete, and ‘iron’ here stands for either natural truths or falsities. A ‘chariot’, being pulled by a horse, always stands for a set of teachings or doctrine. These three symbols add to the picture of a very powerful enemy: false ideas and views that can weaken and overwhelm us (Arcana Caelestia 4720[2]).

The spiritual meaning of the complex arrangement between Barak and Deborah is that we can only deal with our spiritual conflicts if we take the Word’s power (Deborah) with us. Barak, a man, represents the power of truth, but Deborah says a woman will gain victory over Sisera. The feminine stands for the power of love: our charity, our affection for good, and our wish to be useful. These qualities are always essential in our spiritual life (see Swedenborg’s work, Apocalypse Explained 1120[2]).

The story about Jael and Sisera is really about actively resisting the temptations of evil in our lives. Jael, a woman, stands for the power of good to overcome what is false in our mind. Driving the tent peg through Sisera’s head stands for the complete destruction of what is false. Driving it right through and into the ground stands for the power of good in our life and in our regeneration, because the ground represents our actions (Arcana Caelestia 268).

When Barak and Jael meet, it stands for the unity between good (Jael, a woman) and truth (Barak, a man). This unity of good and truth appears again at the start of the next chapter, in which Deborah and Barak sing of Israel’s victory.

Ze Swedenborgových děl

 

Arcana Coelestia # 991

Prostudujte si tuto pasáž

  
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991. 'All fish of the sea' means facts. This is clear from the meaning of 'a fish'. In the Word fish mean facts that spring from sensory evidence, for there are three types of facts - intellectual, rational, and sensory. All are implanted in the memory - or rather, in the memories 1 - and in someone who is regenerate are summoned from there by the Lord by way of the internal man. These facts which come from sensory evidence enter a person's consciousness or perception during his earthly life, for they are the basis of his thinking. The rest, which are more interior, do not do so until he has shed the body and enters the next life. On the point that fish or creeping things which the waters produce mean facts, see what has been said already in 40; and that sea-monsters or whales mean general sources of facts, see 42. These points become additionally clear from the following places in the Word:

In Zephaniah,

I will cause man and beast to cease, I will cause the birds of the air and the fish of the sea to cease. Zephaniah 1:3.

Here 'birds of the air' stands for rational concepts, 'fish of the sea' for rational concepts of a lower order, that is, for human thought from factual knowledge derived through the senses.

[2] In Habakkuk,

You will make man like the fish of the sea, like creeping things that have no ruler. Habakkuk 1:14.

'Making man like the fish of the sea' stands for making him dependent solely on the senses.

In Hosea,

The land will mourn, and every inhabitant will languish, even the wild animal of the field, and the birds of the air, 2 and even the fish of the sea will all be gathered together. Hosea 4:3.

Here 'fish of the sea' stands for factual knowledge derived through the senses.

In David,

You have put all things under His feet, the beasts of the fields, the flying things of the air, 3 and the fish of the sea, and that crossing the paths of the seas. Psalms 8:6-8.

This refers to the Lord's dominion over man. 'Fish of the sea' stands for facts. That 'seas' means a gathering of facts or cognitions, see what has appeared already in 28.

In Isaiah,

The fishermen will lament, and all who cast a hook into the river will mourn, and those who spread nets over the face' 4 of the waters will languish. Isaiah 19:8.

'Fishermen' stands for people who rely on sensory evidence alone and hatch falsities out of it, the subject being Egypt, or factual knowledge.

Poznámky pod čarou:

1. i.e. in the interior memory and in the exterior memory. See 2469 and following paragraphs

2. literally, bird of the heavens (or the skies)

3. literally, the flying thing of the heavens (or the skies)

4. literally, the faces

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.