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Esodo 18

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1 Or Jethro, sacerdote di Madian, suocero di Mosè, udì tutto quello che Dio avea fatto a favor di Mosè e d’Israele suo popolo: come l’Eterno avea tratto Israele fuor dall’Egitto.

2 E Jethro, suocero di Mosè, prese Sefora, moglie di Mosè,

3 che questi avea rimandata, e i due figliuoli di lei che si chiamavano: l’uno, Ghershom, perché Mosè avea detto: "Ho soggiornato in terra straniera";

4 e l’altro Eliezer, perché avea detto: "L’Iddio del padre mio è stato il mio aiuto, e mi ha liberato dalla spada di Faraone".

5 Jethro dunque, suocero di Mosè, venne a Mosè, coi figliuoli e la moglie di lui, nel deserto dov’egli era accampato, al monte di Dio;

6 e mandò a dire a Mosè: "Io, Jethro, tuo suocero, vengo da te con la tua moglie e i due suoi figliuoli con lei".

7 E Mosè uscì a incontrare il suo suocero, gli s’inchinò, e lo baciò; s’informarono scambievolmente della loro salute, poi entrarono nella tenda.

8 Allora Mosè raccontò al suo suocero tutto quello che l’Eterno avea fatto a Faraone e agli Egiziani per amor d’Israele, tutte le sofferenze patite durante il viaggio, e come l’Eterno li avea liberati.

9 E Jethro si rallegrò di tutto il bene che l’Eterno avea fatto a Israele, liberandolo dalla mano degli Egiziani.

10 E Jethro disse: "Benedetto sia l’Eterno, che vi ha liberati dalla mani degli Egiziani e dalla mano di Faraone, e ha liberato il popolo dal giogo degli Egiziani!

11 Ora riconosco che l’Eterno è più grande di tutti gli dèi; tale s’è mostrato, quando gli Egiziani hanno agito orgogliosamente contro Israele".

12 E Jethro, suocero di Mosè, prese un olocausto e dei sacrifizi per offrirli a Dio; e Aaronne e tutti gli anziani d’Israele vennero a mangiare col suocero di Mosè in presenza di Dio.

13 Il giorno seguente, Mosè si assise per render ragione al popolo; e il popolo stette intorno a Mosè dal mattino fino alla sera.

14 E quando il suocero di Mosè vide tutto quello ch’egli faceva per il popolo, disse: "Che è questo che tu fai col popolo? Perché siedi solo, e tutto il popolo ti sta attorno dal mattino fino alla sera?"

15 E Mosè rispose al suo suocero: "Perché il popolo viene da me per consultare Dio.

16 Quand’essi hanno qualche affare, vengono da me, e io giudico fra l’uno e l’altro, e fo loro conoscere gli ordini di Dio e le sue leggi".

17 Ma il suocero di Mosè gli disse: "Questo che tu fai non va bene.

18 Tu ti esaurirai certamente: tu e questo popolo ch’è teco; poiché quest’affare è troppo grave per te; tu non puoi bastarvi da te solo.

19 Or ascolta la mia voce; io ti darò un consiglio, e Dio sia teco: Sii tu il rappresentante del popolo dinanzi a Dio, e porta a Dio le loro cause.

20 Insegna loro gli ordini e le leggi, e mostra loro la via per la quale han da camminare e quello che devon fare;

21 ma scegli fra tutto il popolo degli uomini capaci che temano Dio: degli uomini fidati, che detestino il lucro iniquo; e stabiliscili sul popolo come capi di migliaia, capi di centinaia, capi di cinquantine e capi di diecine;

22 e rendano essi ragione al popolo in ogni tempo; e riferiscano a te ogni affare di grande importanza, ma ogni piccolo affare lo decidano loro. Allevia così il peso che grava su te, e lo portino essi teco.

23 Se tu fai questo, e se Dio te l’ordina, potrai durare; e anche tutto questo popolo arriverà felicemente al luogo che gli è destinato".

24 Mosè acconsentì al dire del suo suocero, e fece tutto quello ch’egli avea detto.

25 E Mosè scelse fra tutto Israele degli uomini capaci, e li stabilì capi del popolo: capi di migliaia, capi di centinaia, capi di cinquantine e capi di diecine.

26 E quelli rendevano ragione al popolo in ogni tempo; le cause difficili le portavano a Mosè, ma ogni piccolo affare lo decidevano loro.

27 Poi Mosè accomiatò il suo suocero, il quale se ne tornò al suo paese.

   

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Arcana Coelestia # 8722

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8722. 'And also all this people will come upon their place in peace' means that those belonging to the spiritual Church will be governed by good and thus led by good. This is clear from the meaning of 'people' as those belonging to the spiritual Church, for by 'people' one should understand the children of Israel, who represent the spiritual Church; from the meaning of 'coming to their place' as arriving at the state to which they are going to be led, which state is a state of good, since those who belong to the spiritual Church are led through truth to good, and when they arrive at good they come to their place, 'place' meaning state, see 2625, 2837, 3356, 3387, 4321, 4882, 5605, 7381; and from the meaning of 'peace' as the Divine within good, for 'peace' in the highest sense is the Lord, and is therefore the influence inmostly at work within good and is the very essence (esse) of the happiness of those governed by good. As long as a person is governed by truth and not as yet by good he has no serenity; but when he is governed by good he does have serenity and so is 'in peace'. The reason for this is that evil spirits cannot attack good but flee from it the moment they are aware of it; but they can attack truth. So it is that when people are governed by good they are 'in peace'. These are the things that are meant by 'all the people will come upon their place in peace'. What it is to be led by the Lord through truth, and what it is to be led by Him through good, see 8516, 8539, 8643, 8648, 8658, 8685, 8690, 8701.

  
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Arcana Coelestia # 1298

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1298. 'They had brick for stone' means that they had falsity in place of truth. This is clear from the meaning of 'brick' as falsity, dealt with just above, and also from the meaning of 'stone' in the broad sense as truth, dealt with already in 643. The reason 'stones' meant truth was that the most ancient people used to mark out boundaries by means of stones and raise up stones to testify that something was so, that is, was the truth. This is clear from the stone which Jacob set up as a pillar, Genesis 28:22; 35:14; from the pillar of stones placed between Laban and Jacob, Genesis 31:46-47, 52; and from the altar which the children of Reuben, Gad, and Manasseh erected beside the Jordan as an altar of witness, Joshua 22:10, 28, 34. Consequently 'stones' in the Word means truths, so much so that not only the stones of the altar but also the precious stones in the shoulder-pieces of Aaron's ephod and in the breastplate of judgement meant the holy truths of love.

[2] Regarding the altar, when sacrificial worship on altars was introduced, an altar in that case meant representative worship of the Lord in general. 'The stones' themselves however meant the holy truths belonging to that worship. This was why it was commanded that the altar had to be built of whole and not of hewn stones, and why it was forbidden to use any iron tool on them, Deuteronomy 27:5-7; Joshua 8:31. The reason was that hewn stones, and those on which an iron tool had been used, meant artificialities and thus fabrications in worship. That is to say, they meant things that derive from the proprium, or from the inventions of man's own thought and heart, which was to profane worship, as is clearly stated in Exodus 20:25. For the same reason no tool of iron was used on the stones of the Temple, 1 Kings 6:7.

[3] That the precious stones set in the shoulder-pieces of Aaron's ephod and in the breastplate of judgement in a similar way meant holy truths has been shown already in 114. This is clear also in Isaiah,

Behold, I will set your stones in carbuncle and lay your foundations in sapphires; and I will make your suns (windows) of ruby, and your gates into precious stones, and all your border into pleasant stones And all your sons will be taught by Jehovah, and great will be the peace of your sons. Isaiah 54:11-13

The stones mentioned here stand for holy truths, and this is why it is said that 'all your sons will be taught by Jehovah'. It is also the reason why it is said in John that the foundations of the wall of the city, holy Jerusalem, were adorned with every kind of precious stone, which are each mentioned by name, Revelation 21:19-20. 'The holy Jerusalem' stands for the Lord's kingdom in heaven and on earth, the foundations of which kingdom are holy truths. Holy truths were similarly meant by the tables of stone on which the commandments of the Law, or Ten Commandments, were written. This was why they were made of stone or had a stone base, concerning which see Exodus 24:12; 31:18; 34:1; Deuteronomy 5:22; 10:1; for the commandments themselves are nothing else than truths of faith.

[4] Now because stones in ancient times meant truths, and because later on when worship on pillars, on altars, and in the Temple began, pillars, altars, and the Temple meant holy truths, the Lord also is therefore called 'a Stone': In Moses,

The Mighty One of Jacob - from there is the Shepherd, the Stone of Israel. Genesis 49:24.

In Isaiah,

The Lord Jehovih said, I am laying in Zion for a foundation a Stone, a tested Corner-Stone, precious, of sure foundation. Isaiah 28:16.

In David,

The Stone which the builders rejected has become the head of the corner Psalms 118:22.

The same is meant in Daniel 2:34-35, 45, by the stone cut out of the rock which smashed Nebuchadnezzar's statue to pieces.

[5] That 'stones' means truths is clear in Isaiah,

By this the iniquity of Jacob will be expiated, and this will be the full fruit to remove his sin, when He makes all the stones of the altar like chalk-stones scattered about. Isaiah 27:9.

'The stones of the altar' stands for truths in worship that have been dissipated. In the same prophet,

Make level the way of the people; level out, level out the highway; gather out the stones. Isaiah 62:10.

'The way' and 'the stones' stand for truths. In Jeremiah,

I am against you, O destroying mountain. I will roll you down from the rocks and I will make you into a mountain of burning. And they will not take from you a stone for a corner, nor a stone for foundations. Jeremiah 51:25-26.

This refers to Babel. 'A mountain of burning' is self-love. 'Taking no stone from it' means that there is no truth from this source.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.