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1 Or Jethro, sacerdote di Madian, suocero di Mosè, udì tutto quello che Dio avea fatto a favor di Mosè e d’Israele suo popolo: come l’Eterno avea tratto Israele fuor dall’Egitto.

2 E Jethro, suocero di Mosè, prese Sefora, moglie di Mosè,

3 che questi avea rimandata, e i due figliuoli di lei che si chiamavano: l’uno, Ghershom, perché Mosè avea detto: "Ho soggiornato in terra straniera";

4 e l’altro Eliezer, perché avea detto: "L’Iddio del padre mio è stato il mio aiuto, e mi ha liberato dalla spada di Faraone".

5 Jethro dunque, suocero di Mosè, venne a Mosè, coi figliuoli e la moglie di lui, nel deserto dov’egli era accampato, al monte di Dio;

6 e mandò a dire a Mosè: "Io, Jethro, tuo suocero, vengo da te con la tua moglie e i due suoi figliuoli con lei".

7 E Mosè uscì a incontrare il suo suocero, gli s’inchinò, e lo baciò; s’informarono scambievolmente della loro salute, poi entrarono nella tenda.

8 Allora Mosè raccontò al suo suocero tutto quello che l’Eterno avea fatto a Faraone e agli Egiziani per amor d’Israele, tutte le sofferenze patite durante il viaggio, e come l’Eterno li avea liberati.

9 E Jethro si rallegrò di tutto il bene che l’Eterno avea fatto a Israele, liberandolo dalla mano degli Egiziani.

10 E Jethro disse: "Benedetto sia l’Eterno, che vi ha liberati dalla mani degli Egiziani e dalla mano di Faraone, e ha liberato il popolo dal giogo degli Egiziani!

11 Ora riconosco che l’Eterno è più grande di tutti gli dèi; tale s’è mostrato, quando gli Egiziani hanno agito orgogliosamente contro Israele".

12 E Jethro, suocero di Mosè, prese un olocausto e dei sacrifizi per offrirli a Dio; e Aaronne e tutti gli anziani d’Israele vennero a mangiare col suocero di Mosè in presenza di Dio.

13 Il giorno seguente, Mosè si assise per render ragione al popolo; e il popolo stette intorno a Mosè dal mattino fino alla sera.

14 E quando il suocero di Mosè vide tutto quello ch’egli faceva per il popolo, disse: "Che è questo che tu fai col popolo? Perché siedi solo, e tutto il popolo ti sta attorno dal mattino fino alla sera?"

15 E Mosè rispose al suo suocero: "Perché il popolo viene da me per consultare Dio.

16 Quand’essi hanno qualche affare, vengono da me, e io giudico fra l’uno e l’altro, e fo loro conoscere gli ordini di Dio e le sue leggi".

17 Ma il suocero di Mosè gli disse: "Questo che tu fai non va bene.

18 Tu ti esaurirai certamente: tu e questo popolo ch’è teco; poiché quest’affare è troppo grave per te; tu non puoi bastarvi da te solo.

19 Or ascolta la mia voce; io ti darò un consiglio, e Dio sia teco: Sii tu il rappresentante del popolo dinanzi a Dio, e porta a Dio le loro cause.

20 Insegna loro gli ordini e le leggi, e mostra loro la via per la quale han da camminare e quello che devon fare;

21 ma scegli fra tutto il popolo degli uomini capaci che temano Dio: degli uomini fidati, che detestino il lucro iniquo; e stabiliscili sul popolo come capi di migliaia, capi di centinaia, capi di cinquantine e capi di diecine;

22 e rendano essi ragione al popolo in ogni tempo; e riferiscano a te ogni affare di grande importanza, ma ogni piccolo affare lo decidano loro. Allevia così il peso che grava su te, e lo portino essi teco.

23 Se tu fai questo, e se Dio te l’ordina, potrai durare; e anche tutto questo popolo arriverà felicemente al luogo che gli è destinato".

24 Mosè acconsentì al dire del suo suocero, e fece tutto quello ch’egli avea detto.

25 E Mosè scelse fra tutto Israele degli uomini capaci, e li stabilì capi del popolo: capi di migliaia, capi di centinaia, capi di cinquantine e capi di diecine.

26 E quelli rendevano ragione al popolo in ogni tempo; le cause difficili le portavano a Mosè, ma ogni piccolo affare lo decidevano loro.

27 Poi Mosè accomiatò il suo suocero, il quale se ne tornò al suo paese.

   

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Arcana Coelestia # 2165

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2165. That 'I will take a piece of bread' means something heavenly or celestial to go with [that something natural] is clear from the meaning of 'bread' as that which is celestial, dealt with already in 276, 680, 681, 1798. The reason 'bread' here means that which is celestial is that bread means all food in general, and so in the internal sense all heavenly or celestial food. What celestial food is has been stated in Volume One, in 56-58, 680, 681, 1480, 1695. That 'bread' means all food in general becomes clear from the following places in the Word: One reads of Joseph telling the man in charge of his house to bring the men, that is, his brothers, into the house, and then to slaughter what needed to be slaughtered and made ready. And after that, when these things had been made ready and the men were to eat them, he said, Set on bread, Genesis 43:16, 31, by which he meant that the table was to be made ready by them. Thus 'bread' stood for all the food that made up the entire meal. Regarding Jethro one reads that Aaron came, and all the elders of Israel, to eat bread with Moses' father-in-law before God, Exodus 18:12. Here also 'bread' stands for all the food that made up the entire meal. And regarding Manoah, in the Book of Judges,

Manoah said to the angel of Jehovah, Let us now detain you, and let us make ready a kid before you. And the angel of Jehovah said to Manoah, If you detain me I will not eat your bread. Judges 13:15-16.

Here 'bread' stands for the kid. When Jonathan ate from the honeycomb the people told him that Saul had commanded the people with an oath, saying,

Cursed be the man who eats bread this day. 1 Samuel 14:27-28.

Here 'bread' stands for all food. Elsewhere, regarding Saul,

When Saul sat down to eat bread he said to Jonathan, Why has not the son of Jesse come either yesterday or today, to bread? 1 Samuel 20:24, 27.

This stands for coming to the table, where there was food of every kind. Regarding David who said to Mephibosheth, Jonathan's son,

You will eat bread at my table always. 2 Samuel 9:7, 10.

Similarly regarding Evil-Merodach who said that Jehoiachin the king of Judah was to eat bread with him always, all the days of his life, 2 Kings 25:29. Regarding Solomon the following is said,

Solomon's bread for each day was thirty cors 1 of fine flour, sixty cors of meal, ten fatted oxen, twenty pasture-fed oxen, and a hundred sheep, besides harts and wild she-goats and roebucks and fatted fowl. 1 Kings 4:22-23.

Here 'bread' plainly stands for all the provisions that are mentioned.

[2] Since then 'bread' means every kind of food in general it consequently means in the internal sense all those things that are called heavenly or celestial foods. This becomes even clearer still from the burnt offerings and sacrifices that were made of lambs, sheep, 2 she-goats, kids, he-goats, young bulls, and oxen, which are referred to by the single expression bread offered by fire to Jehovah, as is quite clear from the following places in Moses where the various sacrifices are dealt with and which, it says, the priest was to burn on the altar as the bread offered by fire to Jehovah for an odour of rest, Leviticus 3:11, 16. All those sacrifices and burnt offerings were called such. In the same book,

The sons of Aaron shall be holy to their God, and they shall not profane the name of their God, for it is the fire-offerings to Jehovah, the bread of their God, that they offer. You shall sanctify him, for it is the bread of your God that he offers. No man of Aaron's seed who has a blemish in himself shall approach to offer the bread of his God. Leviticus 21:6, 8, 17, 21.

Here also sacrifices and burnt offerings are referred to as 'bread', as they are also in Leviticus 22:25. Elsewhere in the same author,

Command the children of Israel, and say to them, My gift, My bread, for fire-offerings of an odour of rest, you shall take care to offer to Me at their appointed times. Numbers 28:2.

Here also 'bread' stands for all the sacrifices that are mentioned in that chapter. In Malachi,

Offering polluted bread on My altar. Malachi 1:7.

This also has regard to sacrifices. The consecrated parts of the sacrifices which they ate were called 'bread' as well, as is clear from these words in Moses,

The person who has touched anything unclean shall not eat any of the consecrated offerings, but he shall surely bathe his flesh in water, and when the sun has set he will be clean. And afterwards he shall eat of the consecrated offerings, because it is his bread. Leviticus 22:6-7.

[3] Burnt offerings and sacrifices in the Jewish Church represented nothing else than the heavenly things of the Lord's kingdom in heaven, and of the Lord's kingdom on earth, which is the Church. They also represented the things of the Lord's kingdom or Church as it exists with every individual; and in general they represented all those things that are composed of love and charity, for those things are celestial or of heaven. In addition each type of sacrifice represented some specific thing. In those times all of the sacrifices were called 'bread', and therefore when the sacrifices were abolished and other things serving for external worship took their place, the use of bread and wine was commanded.

[4] From all this it is now clear what is meant by that 'bread', namely that it means all those things which were represented in the sacrifices, and thus in the internal sense means the Lord Himself. And because 'bread' there means the Lord Himself it means love itself towards the whole human race and what belongs to love. It also means man's reciprocal love to the Lord and towards the neighbour. Thus the bread now commanded means all celestial things, and wine accordingly all spiritual things, as the Lord also explicitly teaches in John,

They said, Our fathers ate the manna in the wilderness; as it is written, He gave them bread from heaven to eat. Jesus said to them, Truly, truly, I say to you, It was not Moses who gave you the bread from heaven, but My Father gives you the true bread from heaven. For the bread of God is He who comes down from heaven and gives life to the world. They said to Him, Lord, give us this bread always. Jesus said to them, I am the Bread of life he who comes to Me will not hunger, and he who believes in Me will never thirst. John 6:31-35.

And in the same chapter,

Truly I say to you, He who believes in Me has eternal life. I am the Bread of life. Your fathers ate the manna in the wilderness, and they died. This is the Bread which comes down from heaven, that a man may eat of it and not die. I am the living Bread which came down from heaven; if anyone eats of this Bread he will live for ever. John 6:47-51.

[5] Now because this 'Bread' is the Lord it exists within the celestial things of love which are the Lord's, for the Lord is the celestial itself, because He is love itself, that is, mercy itself. This being so, 'bread' also means everything celestial, that is, all the love and charity existing with a person, for these are derived from the Lord. People who are devoid of love and charity therefore do not have the Lord within them, and so are not endowed with the forms of good and of happiness which are meant in the internal sense by 'bread'. This external symbol [of love and charity] was commanded because the worship of the majority of the human race is external, and therefore without some external symbol scarcely anything holy would exist among them. Consequently when they lead lives of love to the Lord and of charity towards the neighbour, that which is internal exists with them even though they do not know that such love and charity constitute the inner core of worship. Thus in their external worship they are confirmed in the kinds of good which are meant by 'the bread'.

[6] In the Prophets as well 'bread' means the celestial things of love, as in Isaiah 3:1, 7; 30:23; 33:15-16; 55:2; 58:7-8; Lamentations 5:9; Ezekiel 4:16-17; 5:16; 14:13; Amos 4:6; 8:11; Psalms 105:16. Those things are in a similar way meant by 'the loaves of the Presence' on the table, referred to in Leviticus 24:5-9; Exodus 25:30; 40:23; Numbers 4:7; 1 Kings 7:48.

Poznámky pod čarou:

1. A cor, or a homer, was a Hebrew measure of about 6 bushels or 220 litres.

2. The Latin has a word meaning oxen (boves), but comparison with other places where Swedenborg gives the same list of animals suggests that he intended sheep (oves).

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.