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Levitico 16

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1 E IL Signore parlò a Mosè, dopo che i due figliuoli di Aaronne furon morti, quando, essendosi appressati davanti al Signore, morirono.

2 Il Signore adunque disse a Mosè: Parla ad Aaronne, tuo fratello, che non entri in ogni tempo nel Santuario, dentro della Cortina, davanti al Coperchio, ch’è in su l’Arca, acciocchè non muoia; conciossiachè io apparisca nella nuvola, in sul Coperchio.

3 Entri Aaronne nel Santuario con questo, cioè: con un giovenco per sacrificio per lo peccato, e un montone per olocausto;

4 vestasi la sacra Tonica di lino; e abbia in su la sua carne le mutande line; e sia cinto con la Cintura di lino; e ravvolgasi intorno al capo la Benda di lino; quelli sono i sacri vestimenti; vestali dunque, dopo essersi lavate le carni con acqua.

5 E prenda dalla raunanza de’ figliuoli d’Israele, due becchi per sacrificio per lo peccato, e un montone per olocausto.

6 E offerisca Aaronne il giovenco del sacrificio per lo peccato, ch’è per lui; e faccia purgamento per sè, e per la sua casa.

7 Appresso, prenda due becchi, e presentili nel cospetto del Signore, all’entrata del Tabernacolo della convenenza.

8 E tragga Aaronne le sorti sopra que’ due becchi; una sorte per lo Signore, e un’altra per Azazel.

9 E offerisca Aaronne il becco, sopra il quale sarà caduta la sorte per lo Signore; e sacrifichilo per lo peccato.

10 Ma il becco, sopra il quale sarà caduta la sorte per Azazel, sia presentato vivo davanti al Signore, per far purgamento con esso, per mandarlo nel deserto, come per Azazel.

11 Offerisca adunque Aaronne il giovenco del sacrificio per lo peccato ch’è per lui, e faccia purgamento per sè, e per la sua casa. E dopo ch’egli avrà scannato il giovenco del suo sacrificio per lo peccato, ch’è per lui;

12 prenda pieno il turibolo di brace accese d’in su l’Altare, d’innanzi al Signore; e due menate piene del profumo degli aromati polverizzato; e rechilo dentro della Cortina.

13 E metta il profumo sopra il fuoco, davanti al Signore; e copra il vapore del profumo il Coperchio, ch’è sopra la Testimonianza; che talora egli non muoia.

14 Poi prenda del sangue del giovenco, e spruzzine col dito la parte anteriore del Coperchio, verso oriente; spruzzi parimente col dito di quel sangue, sette volte davanti al Coperchio.

15 Scanni ancora il becco del sacrificio per lo peccato, ch’è per lo popolo, e portine il sangue dentro della Cortina; e faccia del sangue di esso come avrà fatto del sangue del giovenco; e spruzzine sopra il Coperchio, e davanti al Coperchio.

16 E così purifichi il Santuario, purificandolo dell’immondizie dei figliuoli d’Israele, e de’ loro misfatti, secondo tutti i lor peccati; faccia ancora il simigliante al Tabernacolo della convenenza, il quale è stanziato appresso loro, per le loro immondizie.

17 E non siavi alcun uomo nel Tabernacolo della convenenza, quando esso entrerà nel Santuario, per farvi purgamento, finchè non sia uscito. E, dopo ch’egli avrà fatto il purgamento per sè, per la sua casa, e per tutta la raunanza d’Israele;

18 esca verso l’Altare, ch’è davanti al Signore, e faccia purgamento per esso; e prenda del sangue del giovenco, e del sangue del becco, e mettalo in su le corna dell’Altare, attorno attorno.

19 E col dito spruzzi di quel sangue sette volte sopra l’Altare; e così purifichilo, e santifichilo, dell’immondizie de’ figliuoli d’Israele.

20 E, dopo ch’egli avrà compiuto di fare il purgamento del Santuario, e del Tabernacolo della convenenza, e dell’Altare, offerisca il becco vivo.

21 E posi Aaronne le sue due mani sopra il capo del becco vivo, e faccia sopra esso confessione di tutte le iniquità de’ figliuoli d’Israele, e di tutti i misfatti loro, secondo tutti i lor peccati; e metta quelli sopra il capo di quel becco, e mandinelo nel deserto per mano di un uomo apposta.

22 E quel becco porterà sopra sè tutte le loro iniquità, in terra solitaria; e lascilo colui andar per lo deserto.

23 Appresso entri Aaronne nel Tabernacolo della convenenza, e spoglisi i vestimenti lini, i quali egli si avea vestiti entrando nel Santuario; e ripongali quivi.

24 Poi lavisi le carni con acqua, in luogo santo, e rivesta i suoi vestimenti; poi esca e sacrifichi il suo olocausto, e l’olocausto del popolo; e faccia purgamento per sè, e per lo popolo.

25 E bruci il grasso del sacrificio per lo peccato sopra l’Altare.

26 E lavi colui che avrà menato via il becco per Azazel i suoi vestimenti, e le sue carni, con acqua; poi ritorni nel campo.

27 Ma portisi fuor del campo il giovenco del sacrificio per lo peccato, e il becco del sacrificio per lo peccato, il cui sangue sarà stato portato dentro al Santuario, per farvi purgamento; e brucisi la lor pelle, e la lor carne, e il loro sterco, col fuoco.

28 E lavi colui che li avrà bruciati i suoi vestimenti, e le sue carni, con acqua; e poi vengasene nel campo.

29 E siavi questo per istatuto perpetuo. Nel settimo mese, nel decimo giorno del mese, affliggete l’anime vostre; e non fate lavoro alcuno, nè colui ch’è natio del paese, nè il forestiere che dimora fra voi.

30 Perciocchè in quel dì si farà purgamento per voi, per purificarvi; voi sarete purificati di tutti i vostri peccati nel cospetto del Signore.

31 Siavi quel giorno riposo di Sabato; e affliggete in esso l’anime vostre, per istatuto perpetuo.

32 E il Sacerdote, che sarà stato unto, e consacrato, per esercitare il sacerdozio, in luogo di suo padre, faccia il purgamento, essendo vestito de’ vestimenti lini, de’ vestimenti sacri.

33 E faccia il purgamento per lo santo Santuario, e per lo Tabernacolo della convenenza, e per l’Altare; faccia parimente il purgamento per li sacerdoti, e per tutto il popolo della raunanza.

34 E siavi questo per istatuto perpetuo, per far purgamento per i figliuoli d’Israele, di tutti i lor peccati, una volta l’anno. E si fece come il Signore avea comandato a Mosè.

   


To many Protestant and Evangelical Italians, the Bibles translated by Giovanni Diodati are an important part of their history. Diodati’s first Italian Bible edition was printed in 1607, and his second in 1641. He died in 1649. Throughout the 1800s two editions of Diodati’s text were printed by the British Foreign Bible Society. This is the more recent 1894 edition, translated by Claudiana.

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Apocalypse Explained # 279

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279. And the second animal like a calf. That this signifies the appearance in ultimates of the Divine good as to defence is evident from the signification of a calf, or young bullock, as being the good of the natural man, and specifically his good of innocence and charity; and because it denotes this good, it also denotes the good of the ultimate heaven, for this heaven is spiritual-natural (as may be seen in the work, Heaven and Hell. n. 29-31). And because this good is in the ultimate heaven, therefore it is a guard, or defence, to prevent the higher heavens from being approached except by the good of love and of charity; this is why one cherub was like a calf. That this appearance was in ultimates, may be seen just above (n. 278). The reason why a calf or young bullock signifies the good of the natural man, is that those animals which belonged to the herd signified the affections of good and truth in the external or natural man, and those which belonged to the flock signified the affections of good and truth in the internal or spiritual man. Those animals which belong to the flock are lambs, she-goats, sheep, rams, and he-goats; and those which belong to the herd are oxen, calves, young bullocks.

[2] That young bullocks and calves signify the good of the natural man is evident from the passages of the Word where they are mentioned. And first from the description of the feet of the cherubim, in Ezekiel:

"Their right foot and the soles of their feet, as it were the soles of a calf's foot, and they were shining, as the colour of polished brass" (1:7).

The reason their right foot was thus seen was that the cherubim represented the Divine guardianship of the Lord, and the feet and soles of the feet represented the same in ultimates, or in the spiritual-natural heaven and in the natural world. For by the feet is signified in general the Natural; by the right foot is signified the Natural as to good; by the sole of the foot the ultimates therein, and similarly polished brass signifies good in the Natural. It is therefore evident that good in the Natural is signified by a calf, and that here is the ultimate good which guards and defends lest the heavens should be approached except by the good of love and of charity. (That the feet signify the Natural may be seen, Arcana Coelestia 2162, 3147, 3761, 3986, 4280, 4938-4952, 5327, 5328; that that which is on the right signifies good from which is truth, n. 9604, 9736, 10061: hence the right foot signifies the Natural as to good. That the palms of the hands, the soles of the feet, and hoofs, signify the ultimates in the Natural, may be seen, n. 4938, 7729; and that polished brass signifies natural good, may be seen above, n. 70).

[3] In Hosea:

"Return ye to Jehovah; say unto him, Take away all iniquity, and accept good, and we will render the bullocks of our lips" (14:2).

What is meant by rendering the bullocks of the lips, no one can know unless he understands what bullocks, and what the lips signify. That confession and thanksgiving from a good heart is here denoted, is evident; but it is thus expressed because bullocks signify external good, and the lips signify doctrine; hence by rendering the bullocks of the lips, is signified to confess and give thanks from the goods of doctrine. (That the lips signify doctrine, may be seen,Arcana Coelestia 1286, 1288.)

[4] In Amos:

"Ye draw the habitation of violence; they lie upon beds of ivory, and eat the lambs out of the flock and the calves out of the midst of the stall" (6:3, 4).

The subject here treated of is those who possess in abundance the knowledges of good and truth, and yet lead an evil life. To eat the lambs out of the flock signifies to drink in the knowledges of internal good or of the spiritual man; and to eat the calves out of the midst of the stall signifies to drink in the knowledges of external goods or of the natural man; and to draw the habitation of violence is to live a life contrary to charity.

[5] In Malachi:

"But unto you that fear my name shall the sun of righteousness arise and healing in his wings; that ye may go forth, and grow up as calves of the stall" (4:2).

The sun of righteousness which shall arise to them that fear the name of Jehovah, signifies the good of love; and healing in his wings, signifies the truth of faith; hence, to go forth, and to grow up as calves of the stall, signifies an increase of all good; fatted, and also fat, signifying good.

[6] In Luke:

The father said to his servants concerning the prodigal son who returned penitent in heart, "Bring forth the best robe, and put it on him; and put a ring on his hand and shoes on his feet; and bring hither the fatted calf, and kill it; and let us eat and be merry" (15:22, 23).

He who understands only the sense of the letter might suppose that this passage contains nothing deeper than appears in that sense, when nevertheless every particular involves something heavenly; as that they should put on the returning prodigal the best robe, that they should put a ring on his hand and shoes on his feet, that they should bring forth the fatted calf, that they should kill it, and eat and be merry. By the prodigal son are meant those who are prodigal of spiritual riches, which are knowledges (cognitiones) of truth and good; by his return to his father, and his confession that he was not worthy to be called his son, are signified penitence of heart and humiliation. By the best, or chief (primarium) robe being put on him, are signified general and primary truths; by a ring upon the hand is signified the conjunction of truth and good in the internal or spiritual man; by shoes upon the feet is signified the same in the external or natural man; and by both these, regeneration. By the fatted calf is signified the good of love and of charity; and by their eating and being merry are signified association and heavenly joy.

[7] In Jeremiah:

"I will give the men who have transgressed my covenant, who have not established the words of my covenant which they made before me, the covenant of the calf which they cut into two pieces that they might pass between the parts thereof, the princes of Judah and the princes of Jerusalem, the royal ministers and priests, and all the people of the land, passing between the parts of the calf, I will even give them into the hands of their enemies, that their carcass may be for food to the bird of the heavens" (34:18-20).

What is meant by the covenant of the calf, and by passing between the parts thereof, no one can know unless he knows what is signified by covenant, what by calf, what by its being cut into two parts; also, what is meant by the princes of Judah and of Jerusalem, by the royal ministers, the priests, and the people of the land. That there is some heavenly arcanum herein is evident. Nevertheless it can be understood, when it is known that a covenant denotes conjunction; a calf, good; a calf cut into two parts, the good proceeding from the Lord on one part, and the good received by man on the other, whence there is conjunction; and that the princes of Judah and of Jerusalem, the royal ministers, the priests, and the people of the land, denote the goods and truths which pertain to the church; and that to pass between the parts denotes to conjoin. When these things are known the internal sense of the passage may be known, which is, that there was no conjunction by the goods and truths of the church with that nation, but disjunction.

[8] Similar things are involved in the covenant of the calf with Abram, concerning which it is thus written in Genesis:

Jehovah said to Abram, "Take to thee a calf of three years old, and a she-goat of three years old, and a ram of three years old, and a turtle-dove, and a young pigeon. And he took unto himself all these, and divided them in the midst, and laid each part one against another; and the birds divided he not. And when the fowls came down upon the carcasses, Abram drove them away. And when the sun was going down, a deep sleep fell upon Abram; and, lo, a horror of great darkness fell upon him. And in that day Jehovah made a covenant with Abram" (15:9-12, 18).

The horror of great darkness which fell upon Abram signified the state of the Jewish nation, which was in the greatest darkness as to the truths and goods of the church; this state of that nation is what is described in the Prophet by the covenant ratified by dividing the calf into two parts, between which they passed. Because by a calf is signified the good of the natural man and its truth, which is scientific truth (scientificum); and since the natural man and the scientific thereof is signified by Egypt, therefore Egypt in the Word is called a she-calf, and also a he-calf; therefore, also, after they applied the scientifics (scientifica) of the church to magical and idolatrous purposes they turned the calf into an idol. This is why the sons of Israel made to themselves a calf in the wilderness, and worshipped it, and also why they had a calf in Samaria.

[9] That Egypt is thus designated is evident in Jeremiah:

"A very fair she-calf is Egypt; destruction cometh out of the north, and her mercenaries in the midst of her as calves of the stall" (46:20, 21).

(Concerning the calf which the sons of Israel made to themselves in the wilderness, see Exodus 32; and concerning the calf of Samaria, 1 Kings 12:25-32).

Again, in Hosea:

"They have made a king, but not by me; they have made princes, and I knew it not; of their silver and their gold have they made them idols, that it may be cut off. Thy calf, O Samaria, hath forsaken thee. For from Israel was it also; the workman made it, not God; the calf of Samaria shall be broken in pieces" (8:4-6).

The subject here treated of is the corrupt explanation of the Word, the sense of the letter of which is turned to favour their own loves and the principles of religion thence conceived. To make a king but not by Jehovah, and to make princes and I have not known, signifies doctrinals from man's own intelligence, which are essentially falsities, but which they make to appear as truths. For a king signifies truth, and, in an opposite sense, falsity; princes signify primary truths, and, in the opposite sense, falsities which are called principles of religion. To make idols of their silver and gold signifies their perversion of the truths and goods of the church, and worshipping them as holy, although, being derived from their own intelligence, they are destitute of life. Silver denotes the truth, and gold the good, which are from the Lord. Idols signify worship from doctrine which is from man's own intelligence; "the workman made it, and not God," signifies, that it is from man's proprium and not from the Divine; to be broken in pieces, signifies to be dissipated; hence it is evident what is signified by the calf of Samaria. Because calves signified the good of the natural man, therefore also calves were sacrificed, concerning which see Exodus 29:11, 12 and following verses; Leviticus 4:3, 13 and following verses; 8:15 and following verses; 9:2; 16:3; 23:18; Numbers 8:8 and following verses; 15:24; 28:19, 20; Judg. 6:25-29; 1 Sam. 1:25; 16:2; 1 Kings 18:23-26, 33. For all the animals which were sacrificed signified various classes of the goods of the church.

  
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Translation by Isaiah Tansley. Many thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.