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Giudici 11

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1 OR Iefte Galaadita era un valente uomo, ed era figliuolo d’una meretrice; e Galaad l’avea generato.

2 E la moglie di Galaad gli avea partoriti de’ figliuoli; e quando i figliuoli della moglie furono grandi, cacciarono Iefte, e gli dissero: Tu non avrai eredità nella casa di nostro padre; perciocchè tu sei figliuolo d’una donna straniera.

3 E Iefte se ne fuggì d’innanzi a’ suoi fratelli, e dimorò nel paese di Tob; e presso a lui si adunarono degli uomini da nulla, e uscivano fuori con lui.

4 E, dopo alquanto tempo, avvenne che i figliuoli di Ammon fecero guerra ad Israele.

5 E, mentre i figliuoli di Ammon facevano guerra ad Israele, gli Anziani di Galaad andarono a prender Iefte nel paese di Tob.

6 E dissero a Iefte: Vieni, e sii nostro capitano; acciocchè noi combattiamo contro a’ figliuoli di Ammon.

7 Ma Iefte disse agli Anziani di Galaad: Non mi avete voi odiato, e cacciato della casa di mio padre? perchè dunque venite a me, ora che voi siete distretti?

8 E gli Anziani di Galaad dissero a Iefte: Perciò siamo noi ora ritornati a te, acciocchè tu venga con noi, e combatta contro a’ figliuoli di Ammon; e che tu sii capo di tutti gli abitanti di Galaad.

9 E Iefte disse agli Anziani di Galaad: Se voi mi riconducete per combattere contro a’ figliuoli di Ammon, e il Signore li mette in mio potere, sarò io vostro capo?

10 E gli Anziani di Galaad dissero a Iefte: Il Signore attenda a quello che diciamo fra noi, se non facciamo secondo che tu hai detto.

11 Iefte adunque andò con gli Anziani di Galaad; e il popolo lo costituì capo e condottiere sopra sè; e Iefte pronunziò davanti al Signore, in Mispa, tutte le parole ch’egli avea prima dette.

12 Poi Iefte mandò ambasciatori al re de’ figliuoli di Ammon, a dirgli: Che v’è egli fra me e te, che tu sei venuto contro a me, per far guerra nel mio paese?

13 E il re de’ figliuoli di Ammon disse agli ambasciatori di Iefte: Io son venuto, perciocchè, quando Israele salì fuor di Egitto, prese il mio paese, dall’Arnon fino a Iabboc, e infino al Giordano; ora dunque rendimi quelle contrade amichevolmente.

14 E Iefte mandò di nuovo ambasciatori al re de’ figliuoli di Ammon,

15 a dirgli: Così dice Iefte: Israele non prese il paese di Moab, nè il paese de’ figliuoli di Ammon.

16 Anzi, dopo che Israele fu salito fuor di Egitto, e fu camminato per lo deserto fino al mar rosso, e fu giunto a Cades,

17 mandò ambasciatori al re di Edom, a dirgli: Deh! lascia che io passi per lo tuo paese; ma il re di Edom nol consentì; mandò eziandio al re di Moab, e anch’egli non volle. Laonde, dopo che Israele fu dimorato in Cades,

18 camminò per lo deserto, e circuì il paese di Edom, e il paese di Moab, e giunse al lato orientale del paese di Moab, e si accampò di là dall’Arnon, e non entrò dentro a’ confini di Moab, consiossiachè l’Arnon sia il confine di Moab.

19 E Israele mandò ambasciatori a Sihon, re degli Amorrei, re di Hesbon, e dirgli: Deh! lascia che noi passiamo per lo tuo paese, finchè siamo giunti al nostro luogo.

20 Ma Sihon non si fidò d’Israele, ch’egli passasse per li suoi confini; anzi adunò tutta la sua gente, e con essa si accampò in Iaas, e combattè con Israele.

21 E il Signore Iddio d’Israele diede Sihon, e tutta la sua gente, nelle mani degl’Israeliti, i quali li percossero, e conquistarono tutto il paese degli Amorrei, che abitavano in quel paese.

22 Conquistarono eziandio tutti i confini degli Amorrei, dall’Arnon fino a Iabboc, e dal deserto fino al Giordano.

23 Ora dunque, avendo il Signore Iddio d’Israele cacciati gli Amorrei d’innanzi ad Israele, suo popolo, possederesti tu il lor paese?

24 Non possederesti tu ciò che Chemos, tuo dio, ti avrebbe dato a possedere? noi altresì possederemo il paese di tutti quelli che il Signore Iddio nostro avrà cacciati d’innanzi a noi.

25 Ed ora vali tu in alcun modo meglio che Balac, figliuolo di Sippor, re di Moab? contese egli con Israele, o fecegli guerra?

26 Essendo Israele dimorato in Hesbon, e nelle terre del suo territorio, e in Aroer, e nelle terre del suo territorio, e in tutte le città che sono lungo l’Arnon, lo spazio di trecent’anni, perchè non le avete voi riscosse in quel tempo?

27 E anche io non t’ho offeso; e tu procedi malvagiamente inverso me, guerreggiando contro a me. Il Signore, che è il Giudice, giudichi oggi fra i figliuoli d’Israele e i figliuoli di Ammon.

28 Ma il re de’ figliuoli di Ammon non attese alle parole, che Iefte gli avea mandato a dire.

29 E lo Spirito del Signore fu sopra Iefte, ed egli traversò Galaad e Manasse, e passò in Mispe di Galaad, e di Mispe di Galaad passò a’ figliuoli di Ammon.

30 E Iefte votò un voto al Signore, e disse: Se pur tu mi dài i figliuoli di Ammon nelle mani;

31 quando io ritornerò in pace da’ figliuoli di Ammon, ciò che uscirà dell’uscio di casa mia sarà del Signore, e io l’offerirò in olocausto.

32 Iefte adunque passò a’ figliuoli di Ammon, per combatter con loro; e il Signore li diede nelle mani di esso.

33 Ed egli li percosse d’una grandissima sconfitta, da Aroer fino a Minnit, venti città; e fino alla pianura delle vigne. E così i figliuoli di Ammon furono abbassati dinanzi ai figliuoli d’Israele.

34 Ora, come Iefte ritornava a casa sua in Mispe, ecco, la sua figliuola gli uscì incontro con tamburi, e con flauti; or ella era unica e sola, ed egli non avea altri proceduto da lui, nè figliuolo, nè figliuola.

35 E, come egli la vide, stracciò i suoi vestimenti, e disse: Ahi! figliuola mia; tu mi hai affatto abbattuto, e sei di quelli che mi conturbano; conciossiachè io abbia aperta la mia bocca al Signore, e non possa ritrarmene.

36 Ed ella gli disse: Padre mio, se pur tu hai aperta la bocca al Signore, fammi come t’è uscito di bocca; poichè il Signore ha fatte le tue vendette sopra i figliuoli di Ammon, tuoi nemici.

37 Poi disse a suo padre: Facciamisi questo: Lasciami per due mesi, acciocchè io vada su e giù per li monti, e pianga la mia verginità, con le mie compagne.

38 Ed egli le disse: Va’. Così la lasciò andare per due mesi. Ed ella andò con le sue compagne, e pianse la sua verginità su per li monti.

39 E, al termine di due mesi, ella ritornò a suo padre, ed egli le fece secondo il voto ch’egli avea votato. Or ella non avea conosciuto uomo. E di qui nacque l’usanza in Israele,

40 che le figliuole d’Israele andavano ogni anno a far lamento della figliuola di Iefte Galaadita, quattro giorni dell’anno.

   


To many Protestant and Evangelical Italians, the Bibles translated by Giovanni Diodati are an important part of their history. Diodati’s first Italian Bible edition was printed in 1607, and his second in 1641. He died in 1649. Throughout the 1800s two editions of Diodati’s text were printed by the British Foreign Bible Society. This is the more recent 1894 edition, translated by Claudiana.

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Exploring the Meaning of Judges 11

Napsal(a) New Christian Bible Study Staff, Julian Duckworth

Judges 11: Jephthah’s victory.

This chapter and most of the next are about the judge Jephthah. He was Gilead’s son by a prostitute, so Gilead’s other sons despised him, and drove him out from his homeland. He fled to the land of Tob, where he lived amongst reckless men. When the Ammonites made war against Israel, the elders of Gilead went to the land of Tob to ask if Jephthah would lead their army. At first, Jephthah challenged them, and asked why they would come to him for help after expelling him from their county. However, the elders swore by the Lord that they would accept him as their leader, so he agreed to go with them.

Then Jephthah sent messengers to the king of Ammon, to ask why his people were attacking Gilead. The king said that Israel had taken away their land, but Jephthah recounted to them the history of Israel’s time in the wilderness, specifically pointing out that they not made war with the nations of Canaan. The only exception was the Amorite king Sihon’s attack on Israel, in which the Israelites defended themselves and defeated the Amorites. So, Jephthah explained that Israel had not taken land from the Ammonites. But the people of Ammon did not listen, and prepared for war.

While preparing his army against the people of Ammon, Jephthah made a vow to the Lord: if He would grant Gilead victory, Jephthah would make a burnt offering of the first thing which came out from his house upon his return home. Battle ensued, and the army of Jephthah utterly defeated Ammon.

When Jephthah returned home, his daughter – his only child – came out of the house to greet him with music and dancing. He tore his clothes in despair, and told her about his vow to the Lord. His daughter told him to keep his word, and asked to be left alone for two months to lament her virginity. Then, when the time came, Jephthah carried out his vow to the Lord.

*****

Jephthah’s dealings with both the Ammonites and his own family show that serving the Lord leads us to seek peace, not conflict or war. His account of the Israelites’ struggles showed that his people had only defended themselves against other nations, but had not fanned the flames of war. We are to do the work of making peace in our lives, while upholding and defending what is true (see Swedenborg’s work, Arcana Caelestia 1683).

The people of Ammon stand for knowing what is true, but then corrupting that truth to live a life based in falsities. For example, if we know the Lord regenerates us, and then tell ourselves that we no longer hold any responsibility for our eternal state, we have falsified the truth. This view completely distorts the truth: the Lord regenerates us as we work to live righteously (see Swedenborg’s work, Sacred Scripture 18[3]).

The spiritual meaning of a ‘daughter’ is an affection for spiritual truths and the life they offer. Affection is the offspring of feeling delight in truths; as we develop these affections, we learn to recognize that they come from the Lord, for he is the source of all good things (Arcana Caelestia 3336[2]).

Jephthah’s daughter was his deepest love, his greatest affection. She was a virgin, representing the spiritual qualities of purity and innocence. Her request for two months of solitude can be understood as our need to reflect during any giving to the Lord, to be sure that our intentions are pure, without any selfish expectations (see Swedenborg’s work, Divine Providence 121).

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Judges 11

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1 Now Jephthah the Gileadite was a mighty man of valour, and he was the son of an harlot: and Gilead begat Jephthah.

2 And Gilead's wife bare him sons; and his wife's sons grew up, and they thrust out Jephthah, and said unto him, Thou shalt not inherit in our father's house; for thou art the son of a strange woman.

3 Then Jephthah fled from his brethren, and dwelt in the land of Tob: and there were gathered vain men to Jephthah, and went out with him.

4 And it came to pass in process of time, that the children of Ammon made war against Israel.

5 And it was so, that when the children of Ammon made war against Israel, the elders of Gilead went to fetch Jephthah out of the land of Tob:

6 And they said unto Jephthah, Come, and be our captain, that we may fight with the children of Ammon.

7 And Jephthah said unto the elders of Gilead, Did not ye hate me, and expel me out of my father's house? and why are ye come unto me now when ye are in distress?

8 And the elders of Gilead said unto Jephthah, Therefore we turn again to thee now, that thou mayest go with us, and fight against the children of Ammon, and be our head over all the inhabitants of Gilead.

9 And Jephthah said unto the elders of Gilead, If ye bring me home again to fight against the children of Ammon, and the LORD deliver them before me, shall I be your head?

10 And the elders of Gilead said unto Jephthah, The LORD be witness between us, if we do not so according to thy words.

11 Then Jephthah went with the elders of Gilead, and the people made him head and captain over them: and Jephthah uttered all his words before the LORD in Mizpeh.

12 And Jephthah sent messengers unto the king of the children of Ammon, saying, What hast thou to do with me, that thou art come against me to fight in my land?

13 And the king of the children of Ammon answered unto the messengers of Jephthah, Because Israel took away my land, when they came up out of Egypt, from Arnon even unto Jabbok, and unto Jordan: now therefore restore those lands again peaceably.

14 And Jephthah sent messengers again unto the king of the children of Ammon:

15 And said unto him, Thus saith Jephthah, Israel took not away the land of Moab, nor the land of the children of Ammon:

16 But when Israel came up from Egypt, and walked through the wilderness unto the Red sea, and came to Kadesh;

17 Then Israel sent messengers unto the king of Edom, saying, Let me, I pray thee, pass through thy land: but the king of Edom would not hearken thereto. And in like manner they sent unto the king of Moab: but he would not consent: and Israel abode in Kadesh.

18 Then they went along through the wilderness, and compassed the land of Edom, and the land of Moab, and came by the east side of the land of Moab, and pitched on the other side of Arnon, but came not within the border of Moab: for Arnon was the border of Moab.

19 And Israel sent messengers unto Sihon king of the Amorites, the king of Heshbon; and Israel said unto him, Let us pass, we pray thee, through thy land into my place.

20 But Sihon trusted not Israel to pass through his coast: but Sihon gathered all his people together, and pitched in Jahaz, and fought against Israel.

21 And the LORD God of Israel delivered Sihon and all his people into the hand of Israel, and they smote them: so Israel possessed all the land of the Amorites, the inhabitants of that country.

22 And they possessed all the coasts of the Amorites, from Arnon even unto Jabbok, and from the wilderness even unto Jordan.

23 So now the LORD God of Israel hath dispossessed the Amorites from before his people Israel, and shouldest thou possess it?

24 Wilt not thou possess that which Chemosh thy god giveth thee to possess? So whomsoever the LORD our god shall drive out from before us, them will we possess.

25 And now art thou any thing better than Balak the son of Zippor, king of Moab? did he ever strive against Israel, or did he ever fight against them,

26 While Israel dwelt in Heshbon and her towns, and in Aroer and her towns, and in all the cities that be along by the coasts of Arnon, three hundred years? why therefore did ye not recover them within that time?

27 Wherefore I have not sinned against thee, but thou doest me wrong to war against me: the LORD the Judge be Judge this day between the children of Israel and the children of Ammon.

28 Howbeit the king of the children of Ammon hearkened not unto the words of Jephthah which he sent him.

29 Then the Spirit of the LORD came upon Jephthah, and he passed over Gilead, and Manasseh, and passed over Mizpeh of Gilead, and from Mizpeh of Gilead he passed over unto the children of Ammon.

30 And Jephthah vowed a vow unto the LORD, and said, If thou shalt without fail deliver the children of Ammon into mine hands,

31 Then it shall be, that whatsoever cometh forth of the doors of my house to meet me, when I return in peace from the children of Ammon, shall surely be the LORD's, and I will offer it up for a burnt offering.

32 So Jephthah passed over unto the children of Ammon to fight against them; and the LORD delivered them into his hands.

33 And he smote them from Aroer, even till thou come to Minnith, even twenty cities, and unto the plain of the vineyards, with a very great slaughter. Thus the children of Ammon were subdued before the children of Israel.

34 And Jephthah came to Mizpeh unto his house, and, behold, his daughter came out to meet him with timbrels and with dances: and she was his only child; beside her he had neither son nor daughter.

35 And it came to pass, when he saw her, that he rent his clothes, and said, Alas, my daughter! thou hast brought me very low, and thou art one of them that trouble me: for I have opened my mouth unto the LORD, and I cannot go back.

36 And she said unto him, My father, if thou hast opened thy mouth unto the LORD, do to me according to that which hath proceeded out of thy mouth; forasmuch as the LORD hath taken vengeance for thee of thine enemies, even of the children of Ammon.

37 And she said unto her father, Let this thing be done for me: let me alone two months, that I may go up and down upon the mountains, and bewail my virginity, I and my fellows.

38 And he said, Go. And he sent her away for two months: and she went with her companions, and bewailed her virginity upon the mountains.

39 And it came to pass at the end of two months, that she returned unto her father, who did with her according to his vow which he had vowed: and she knew no man. And it was a custom in Israel,

40 That the daughters of Israel went yearly to lament the daughter of Jephthah the Gileadite four days in a year.