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Joshua 24

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1 GIOSUÈ adunò ancora tutte le tribù d’Israele in Sichem, e chiamò gli Anziani d’Israele, e i Capi, e i Giudici, e gli Ufficiali di esso; ed essi si presentarono davanti a Dio.

2 E Giosuè disse a tutto il popolo: Così ha detto il Signore Iddio d’Israele: I vostri padri, qual fu Tare, padre di Abrahamo, e padre di Nahor, abitarono già anticamente di là dal Fiume, e servirono ad altri dii.

3 Ma io presi vostro padre Abrahamo di là dal Fiume, e lo condussi per tutto il paese di Canaan, e accrebbi la sua progenie, e gli diedi Isacco.

4 E diedi ad Isacco Giacobbe ed Esaù; e diedi ad Esaù il monte di Seir, per possederlo; ma Giacobbe e i suoi figliuoli discesero in Egitto.

5 Poi mandai, Mosè ed Aaronne, e percossi l’Egitto, secondo le opere che io feci nel mezzo di esso; poi ve ne trassi fuori.

6 E, dopo che io ebbi tratti fuor di Egitto i padri vostri, voi arrivaste al mare; e gli Egizj perseguitarono i padri vostri con carri, e con cavalleria, fino al mar rosso.

7 Ed essi gridarono al Signore, ed egli pose una caligine fra voi e gli Egizj; poi fece venire il mare addosso a loro, il qual li coperse; e gli occhi vostri videro ciò che io feci contro agli Egizj. Poi voi dimoraste nel deserto un lungo spazio di tempo.

8 E dipoi io vi condussi nel paese degli Amorrei, che abitavano di là dal Giordano; ed essi vi fecero guerra; ma io ve li diedi nelle mani, e voi prendeste possessione del lor paese, e io li distrussi d’innanzi a voi.

9 Balac eziandio, figliuolo di Sippor, re di Moab, si mosse, e fece guerra a Israele, e mandò a chiamar Balaam, figliuolo di Beor, per maledirvi;

10 ma io non volli ascoltar Balaam; anzi egli vi benedisse espressamente, e io vi liberai dalla mano di esso.

11 Poi voi passaste il Giordano, e arrivaste a Gerico; e gli abitanti di Gerico, e gli Amorrei, e i Ferizzei, e i Cananei, e gli Hittei, e i Ghirgasei, e gli Hivvei, e i Gebusei, guerreggiarono contro a voi; ma io ve li diedi nelle mani.

12 E mandai davanti a voi de’ calabroni, i quali scacciarono coloro d’innanzi a voi, come i due re degli Amorrei; ciò non avvenne per la tua spada, nè per lo tuo arco.

13 E io vi ho dato il paese, intorno al quale non vi siete affaticati; e delle città, le quali non avete edificate, e voi abitate in esse; voi mangiate delle vigne e degli ulivi che non avete piantati.

14 Ora dunque temete il Signore, e servitegli con integrità e con verità; e togliete via gl’iddii, a’ quali i padri vostri servirono di là dal Fiume e in Egitto; e servite al Signore.

15 E se pur non vi aggrada di servire al Signore, sceglietevi oggi a cui volete servire; o agl’iddii, a’ quali i padri vostri, che furono di là dal Fiume, servirono, ovvero agl’iddii degli Amorrei, nel cui paese abitate; ma io e la casa mia serviremo al Signore.

16 Allora il popolo rispose, e disse: Tolga Iddio da noi che noi abbandoniamo il Signore, per servire ad altri dii;

17 perciocchè il Signore Iddio nostro è quel che ha tratti noi e i padri nostri fuor del paese di Egitto, della casa di servitù; il quale ancora ha fatti questi gran miracoli nel nostro cospetto, e ci ha guardati per tutto il cammino, per lo quale siamo camminati; e per mezzo tutti i popoli, fra i quali siamo passati.

18 Il Signore ha eziandio scacciati d’innanzi a noi tutti questi popoli, e gli Amorrei che abitavano nel paese. Ancora noi serviremo al Signore; perciocchè egli è il nostro Dio.

19 E Giosuè disse al popolo: Voi non potrete servire al Signore; perciocchè egli è un Dio santo, un Dio geloso; egli non comporterà i vostri misfatti ed i vostri peccati.

20 Perciocchè voi abbandonerete il Signore, e servirete ad altri dii; laonde egli si rivolgerà, e vi farà del male e vi consumerà, dopo avervi fatto del bene.

21 Ma il popolo disse a Giosuè: No; anzi noi serviremo al Signore.

22 E Giosuè disse al popolo: Voi siete testimoni contro a voi stessi, che voi vi avete scelto il Signore, per servirgli. Ed essi dissero: Sì, noi ne siamo testimoni.

23 Ora dunque, soggiunse Giosuè, togliete via gl’iddii degli stranieri che son nel mezzo di voi, e inchinate il cuor vostro al Signore Iddio d’Israele.

24 E il popolo disse a Giosuè: Noi serviremo al Signore Iddio nostro, e ubbidiremo alla sua voce.

25 Così Giosuè fece in quel giorno patto col popolo, e gli ordinò statuti e leggi in Sichem.

26 Poi Giosuè scrisse queste parole nel Libro della Legge di Dio; e prese una gran pietra, e la rizzò quivi sotto la quercia, ch’era nel Santuario del Signore.

27 E Giosuè disse a tutto il popolo: Ecco, questa pietra sarà per testimonianza fra noi; perciocchè ella ha udite tutte le parole che il Signore ci ha dette; laonde sarà per testimonianza contro a voi, se talora voi rinnegate il vostro Dio.

28 Poi Giosuè rimandò il popolo ciascuno alla sua eredità.

29 E AVVENNE dopo queste cose, che Giosuè, figliuolo di Nun, servitor del Signore, morì d’età di cendieci anni.

30 E fu seppellito nella contrada della sua eredità, in Timnat-sera, che è nel monte di Efraim, dal Settentrione del monte di Gaas.

31 E Israele servì al Signore tutto il tempo di Giosuè, e tutto il tempo degli Anziani, i quali sopravvissero a Giosuè, e i quali aveano avuta conoscenza di tutte le opere del Signore, ch’egli avea fatte inverso Israele.

32 I figliuoli d’Israele seppellirono ancora le ossa di Giuseppe, le quali aveano portate fuor di Egitto, in Sichem, nella possessione del campo che Giacobbe avea comperata da’ figliuoli di Hemor, padre di Sichem, per cento pezzi d’argento; e i figliuoli di Giuseppe l’ebbero nella loro eredità.

33 Poi morì ancora Eleazaro, figliuolo di Aaronne, e fu seppellito nel colle di Finees, suo figliuolo; il qual luogo gli era stato dato nel monte di Efraim.

   


To many Protestant and Evangelical Italians, the Bibles translated by Giovanni Diodati are an important part of their history. Diodati’s first Italian Bible edition was printed in 1607, and his second in 1641. He died in 1649. Throughout the 1800s two editions of Diodati’s text were printed by the British Foreign Bible Society. This is the more recent 1894 edition, translated by Claudiana.

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Arcana Coelestia # 1992

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1992. 'I am God Shaddai' means, in the sense of the letter, the name of Abram's God, by means of which the Lord was represented before them at first. This is clear from references in the Word to Abram and his father's house worshipping other gods. Surviving in Syria, where Abram came from, there were remnants of the Ancient Church, and many families there retained its worship, as is clear in the case of Eber who came from those parts and from whom the Hebrew nation descended. They likewise retained the name Jehovah, as is evident from what has been shown in Volume One, in 1343, and from Balaam, who also came from Syria, and who offered sacrifices and called his God Jehovah. That he came from Syria is indicated in Numbers 23:7; that he offered sacrifices, in Numbers 22:39-40; 23:1-3, 14, 29; and that he called his God Jehovah, in Numbers 2:8, 13, 18, 31; 23:8, 12, 16.

[2] But in the case of the house of Terah, Abram and Nahor's father, this was not so. That house was one of the gentile families there which had not only lost the name of Jehovah but also served other gods; and instead of Jehovah they worshipped Shaddai, whom they called their own god. The fact that they had lost the name of Jehovah is clear from the places quoted in Volume One, in 1343; and the fact that they served other gods is explicitly stated in Joshua,

Joshua said to all the people, Thus said Jehovah, the God of Israel, Your fathers dwelt of old beyond the River, Terah, the father of Abraham and the father of Nahor, and they served other gods. Now fear Jehovah, and serve Him in sincerity and truth, and put away the gods which your fathers served beyond the River, and in Egypt, and serve Jehovah. And if it is evil in your eyes to serve Jehovah, choose this day whom you are to serve, whether the gods which your fathers served who were beyond the River, or the gods of the Amorites. Joshua 24:2, 14-15.

The fact that Nahor as well, Abram's brother, and the nation that descended from him, served other gods is also clear from Laban the Syrian, who lived in the city of Nahor and worshipped the images or teraphim which Rachel stole, Genesis 24:10; 31:19, 30, 32, 34 - see what has been stated in Volume One, in 1356. That instead of Jehovah they worshipped Shaddai, whom they called their god, is plainly stated in Moses,

I, Jehovah, appeared to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob as God Shaddai, and by My name Jehovah I was not known to them. Exodus 6:2-3.

[3] These references show what Abram was by disposition in his younger days, namely an idolater like other gentiles, and that even up to and during the time he was in the land of Canaan he had not cast the god Shaddai away from his mind; and this accounts for the declaration here, 'I am God Shaddai', which in the sense of the letter means the name of Abram's god. And from Exodus 6:2-3, that has just been quoted, it is evident that it was by this name that the Lord was first represented before them - before Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.

[4] The reason the Lord was willing to be represented before them first of all through the name Shaddai is that the Lord is never willing to destroy quickly, still less immediately, the worship implanted in someone since earliest childhood. He is unwilling to destroy it because it would be an uprooting and so a destroying of the deeply implanted feeling for what is holy which is expressed in adoration and worship, a feeling which the Lord never crushes but bends. The holiness which is expressed in worship and has been inrooted since earliest childhood is such that it does not respond to violence but to gentle and kindly bending. The same applies to gentiles who during their lifetime have worshipped idols and yet have led charitable lives one with another. Because the holiness expressed in their worship has been inrooted since earliest childhood it is not removed all of a sudden in the next life but gradually. For people who have led charitable lives one with another are able to have implanted in them without difficulty the goods and truths of faith; these they subsequently receive with joy, charity being the soil itself. This is what happened in the case of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, that is to say, the Lord allowed them to retain the name God Shaddai; indeed He went so far as to speak of Himself as God Shaddai, which He did because of what that name meant.

[5] Some translators render Shaddai as the Almighty, others as the Thunderbolt-hurler. But strictly speaking it means the Tempter, and the One who does good following temptations, as is clear in Job who, because he suffered many temptations, mentions Shaddai so many times, such as the following places in his book make clear,

Behold, blessed is the man whom God reproves; and despise not the chastening of Shaddai. Job 5:17.

The arrows of Shaddai are with me, the terrors of God are arrayed against me. Job 6:4.

He will forsake the fear of Shaddai. Job 6:14.

I will speak to Shaddai, and I desire to dispute with God. Job 13:3.

He has stretched forth his hand against God, and emboldens himself against Shaddai. Job 15:25.

His eyes will see his destruction and he will drink of the wrath of Shaddai. Job 21:20.

As for Shaddai, you will not find him. He is great in power and judgement, and in the abundance of righteousness. He will not afflict. Job 37:23.

Also in Joel,

Alas for the day! For the day of Jehovah is near, and as destruction from Shaddai will it come. Joel 1:15.

This becomes clear also from the actual word Shaddai, which means vastation, thus temptation, for temptation is a variety of vastation. But because the name had its origins among the nations in Syria, he is not called Elohim Shaddai but El Shaddai; and in Job he is called simply Shaddai, with El, or God, mentioned separately.

[6] Because comfort follows temptations people also attributed the good that comes out of temptations to the same Shaddai, as in Job 22:17, 23, 25-26; and they also attributed to him the understanding of truth which resulted from those temptations, 32:8; 33:4. And because in this way he was regarded as a god of truth, for vastation, temptation, chastisement, and reproving belong in no way to good but to truth, and because the Lord was represented by means of it before Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, the name was retained even among the Prophets. But with the latter Shaddai was used to mean truth, as in Ezekiel,

I heard the sound of the cherubs' wings, like the sound of many waters, like the sound of Shaddai as they were coming, a sound of tumult, like the sound of a camp. Ezekiel 1:24.

In the same prophet,

The court was full of the brightness of the glory of Jehovah, and the sound of the wings of the cherubs was heard as far as the outer court, like the voice of the god Shaddai when he speaks. Ezekiel 10:4-5.

Here Jehovah stands for good, Shaddai for truth. 'Wings' likewise in the Word means in the internal sense things that are matters of truth.

[7] Isaac and Jacob too used the name God Shaddai in a similar way, namely as one who tempts, rescues from temptation, and after that does good to them. Isaac addressed his son Jacob when he was about to flee on account of Esau,

God Shaddai bless you and make you fruitful and multiply you. Genesis 28:3.

Jacob addressed his sons when they were about to journey into Egypt to buy grain and were so greatly afraid of Joseph,

May God Shaddai grant you mercy before the man, and may He send back with you your other brother and Benjamin. Genesis 43:14.

Jacob, by now Israel, when blessing Joseph, who had experienced the evils of temptation more than his brothers and had been released from them, declared,

By the God of your father, and He will help you; and with Shaddai, and He will bless you. Genesis 49:25.

This then explains why the Lord was willing to be represented at first as God Shaddai whom Abram worshipped when He declared,

I am God Shaddai.

And later on He referred to Himself in a similar way before Jacob, I am God Shaddai; be fruitful and multiply. Genesis 35:11.

And a further reason is that the subject of the internal sense in what has gone before has been temptations.

[8] The worship of Shaddai with them had its origin, as it did with a certain nation which in the Lord's Divine mercy will be described later on, and also with those who belonged to the Ancient Church, in the fact that quite often they heard spirits who reproached them and who also afterwards consoled them. The spirits who reproached them were perceived as being on the left side below the arm; at the same time angels were present from the head who overruled the spirits and toned down the reproaching. And because they imagined that everything declared to them through the spirits was Divine, they called the reproaching spirit Shaddai. And because he also afterwards gave consolation they called him God Shaddai. Since they had no understanding of the internal sense of the Word, people in those days, including the Jews, possessed that kind of religion in which they imagined that all evil and so all temptation came from God just as all good and thus all comfort did. But that in actual fact this is not at all the case, see Volume One, in 245, 592, 696, 1093, 1874, 1875.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.