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Deuteronomio 19

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1 QUANDO il Signore Iddio tuo avrà distrutte le nazioni, il cui paese egli ti , e tu possederai il lor paese, e abiterai nelle lor città, e nelle lor case;

2 mettiti da parte tre città nel mezzo del tuo paese che il Signore Iddio tuo ti per possederlo.

3 Dirizzati il cammino, e partisci in tre le contrade del tuo paese, che il Signore Iddio tuo ti avrà dato a possedere; e sieno quelle città acciocchè chiunque avrà ucciso un altro vi si rifugga.

4 E quest’è il caso dell’ucciditore che vi si potrà rifuggire e salvar la vita sua: quando egli avrà ucciso il suo prossimo disavvedutamente, non avendolo odiato per addietro;

5 come se, essendo andato al bosco col suo prossimo, per tagliar delle legne, egli avventa la mano con la scure per tagliar delle legne, e il ferro si spicca dal manico, e incontra il suo prossimo, sì ch’egli muoia; rifuggasi colui in una di queste città, per salvar la vita sua;

6 che talora colui che avrà la ragione di vendicare il sangue non persegua quell’ucciditore, avendo il cuore infocato, e non lo giunga, in caso che il cammino fosse troppo lungo, e non lo percuota a morte; benchè in lui non vi sia giusta cagione d’esser condannato a morte, non avendo per addietro odiato il suo prossimo.

7 Perciò, io ti comando che tu ti metta da parte tre città.

8 E se il Signore Iddio tuo allarga i tuoi confini, come egli giurò a’ tuoi padri, e ti tutto il paese ch’egli disse di dare a’ tuoi padri;

9 perciocchè tu avrai osservati tutti questi comandamenti, i quali oggi ti do, per metterli in opera, amando il Signore Iddio tuo, e camminando nelle sue vie del continuo; sopraggiugniti a queste tre città tre altre;

10 acciocchè non si spanda il sangue dell’innocente in mezzo del tuo paese che il Signore Iddio tuo ti in eredità; a che tu non sii colpevole di omicidio.

11 Ma, quando un uomo, odiando il suo prossimo, l’avrà insidiato, e l’avrà assalito, e percosso a morte, sì che muoia; e poi si sarà rifuggito in una di quelle città;

12 mandino gli Anziani della sua città a trarlo di là, e dienlo in man di colui che avrà la ragione di vendicare il sangue, e muoia.

13 L’occhio tuo non lo risparmi; e togli via d’Israele la colpa del sangue innocente; ed e’ ti sarà bene.

14 NON rimovere i termini del tuo prossimo, i quali gli antichi hanno posti, nell’eredità che tu possederai nel paese che il Signore Iddio tuo ti a possedere.

15 Non presentisi un testimonio solo contro ad alcuno, per testimoniar di alcuna iniquità o peccato ch’egli abbia commesso; sia il fatto verificato per lo dire di due o di tre testimoni.

16 Quando un testimonio si leverà contro ad alcuno, per testimoniar contr’a lui d’apostasia,

17 presentinsi que’ due uomini, tra cui sarà quella lite, davanti al Signore, nel cospetto de’ Sacerdoti e de’ Giudici che saranno in quel tempo.

18 E se i Giudici, dopo diligente inchiesta, trovano che quel testimonio sia falso testimonio, e che abbia testimoniato il falso contro al suo fratello,

19 fategli come egli avea deliberato di fare al suo fratello; e togli via il male del mezzo di te.

20 Acciocchè gli altri, udendo questo, temano; e che da indi innanzi non si faccia più una tal mala cosa in mezzo di te.

21 L’occhio tuo non lo risparmi; vita per vita, occhio per occhio, dente per dente, mano per mano, piè per piè.

   


To many Protestant and Evangelical Italians, the Bibles translated by Giovanni Diodati are an important part of their history. Diodati’s first Italian Bible edition was printed in 1607, and his second in 1641. He died in 1649. Throughout the 1800s two editions of Diodati’s text were printed by the British Foreign Bible Society. This is the more recent 1894 edition, translated by Claudiana.

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Apocalypse Revealed # 774

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774. "Every kind of thyine wood, 1 every kind of ivory vessel." This symbolically means that these Roman Catholics no longer have these because they do not have any of the natural goods and truths to which such things correspond.

This statement is similar to the ones explained in nos. 772 and 773 above, the only difference being that the valuables named first mean spiritual goods and truths (as explained in no. 772 above), and that those named second mean celestial goods and truths (as explained just above in no. 773), while those named now - thyine wood and ivory vessel - mean natural goods and truths.

[2] To explain: There are three degrees of wisdom and love, and so three degrees of truth and goodness. We call the first degree celestial, the second spiritual, and the third natural. These three degrees are present from birth in every person, and they are present in general also in heaven and in the church. Because of this there are three heavens, a highest one, an intermediate one, and a lowest one, altogether distinct from each other in accordance with these degrees. The same is true of the Lord's church on earth. But this is not the place to explain the nature of the church with people in the celestial degree, with people in the spiritual degree, and with people in the natural degree. See instead what we said about them in Angelic Wisdom Regarding Divine Love and Wisdom, Part Three, where we dealt with degrees. Here we will say only that in the case of people coming from Babylon, they have no spiritual goods and truths, no celestial goods and truths, and not even any natural goods and truths.

Spiritual goods and truths are mentioned first, because many of those coming from Babylon can be spiritual, provided they hold the Word holy at heart, as they do with the mouth. But they cannot become celestial, because they do not turn to the Lord, but turn to people living and dead and worship them. It is for this reason that celestial goods and truths are mentioned second.

[3] Thyine wood symbolizes natural good because wood in the Word symbolizes goodness, and stone truth, and thyine wood derives its name from a word meaning two, and the number two also symbolizes goodness.

The good symbolized is natural good, because wood is not a valuable material like gold, silver, precious stones, pearls, fine linen, purple, silk and scarlet. The same is true of stone. The case is similar with ivory, which symbolizes natural truth. Ivory symbolizes natural truth because it is white and can be polished, and because it protrudes from the mouth of an elephant and also constitutes its might. In order for ivory to symbolize the natural truth of the goodness symbolized by thyine wood, the text specifies a vessel of ivory, as a vessel symbolizes something that contains, here truth that contains good.

[4] That wood symbolizes goodness can be seen to some extent from the following considerations: That the bitter waters at Marah were made sweet by casting in something wooden (Exodus 15:25). That the tables of stone on which the Law was written were placed in an ark made of acacia wood (Exodus 25:10-16). That the Temple in Jerusalem was roofed with wood and paneled inside with wood (1 Kings 6:9, 15). And that the altar in the wilderness was made of wood (Exodus 27:1, 6).

It can be seen to some extent also from the following:

...the stone will cry out from the wall, and the beam from the wood answers it. (Habakkuk 2:11)

They will plunder your riches and pillage your merchandise..., and they will cast your stones and your timber... into the midst of the sea. (Ezekiel 26:12)

The prophet Ezekiel was told to take a piece of wood and write on it the names of Judah and the children of Israel, and also on another piece of wood the names of Joseph and Ephraim; and that the Lord Jehovih would make them into one piece of wood (Ezekiel 37:16, 19).

We drink our water in exchange for silver, and our wood comes at a price. (Lamentations 5:4)

If someone goes with his neighbor into a forest..., and the ax head (falls) from the wooden handle...(onto) his neighbor so that he dies, he shall flee to (a city of refuge). (Deuteronomy 19:5)

The latter is said because wood symbolizes goodness, and so because the person did not kill his neighbor out of evil or with evil intention, therefore, but by accident, being impelled by good. And so on elsewhere.

[5] In an opposite sense, however, wood symbolizes something evil or cursed. So for example, they made graven images out of wood and worshiped them (Deuteronomy 4:23-28; Isaiah 37:19; 40:20; Jeremiah 10:3, 8; Ezekiel 20:32). Also, being hanged from a tree was a curse (Deuteronomy 21:22-23).

That ivory symbolizes natural truth can be seen moreover from passages which mention ivory, such as Ezekiel 27:6, 15; Amos 3:15; 6:4; Psalms 45:8.

Poznámky pod čarou:

1. Thyine wood has not been identified. It has been associated with citron wood, and also with scented wood in general.

  
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Many thanks to the General Church of the New Jerusalem, and to Rev. N.B. Rogers, translator, for the permission to use this translation.