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1 Samuel 4

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1 OR Israele uscì in battaglia incontro a’ Filistei, e si accampò presso ad Eben-ezer; e i Filistei si accamparono in Afec.

2 E i Filistei ordinarono la battaglia incontro ad Israele. E, datasi la battaglia, Israele fu sconfitto davanti a’ Filistei; ed essi ne percossero intorno a quattromila uomini in battaglia ordinata, nella campagna.

3 Ed essendo il popolo venuto nel campo, gli Anziani d’Israele dissero: Perchè ci ha il Signore oggi sconfitti davanti a’ Filistei? facciamoci portar da Silo l’Arca del Patto del Signore, e venga egli nel mezzo di noi, e salvici, dalla mano de’ nostri nemici.

4 Il popolo adunque mandò in Silo, e di là fu portata l’Arca del Patto del Signore degli eserciti, che siede sopra i Cherubini; e quivi, con l’Arca del Patto di Dio, erano i due figliuoli di Eli, Hofni e Finees.

5 E, come l’Arca del Patto del Signore arrivò nel campo, tutto Israele sclamò d’allegrezza con gran grida, talchè la terra ne rimbombò.

6 E i Filistei, udita la voce delle grida, dissero: Che vuol dire la voce di queste gran grida nel campo degli Ebrei? Poi seppero che l’Arca del Signore era venuta nel campo.

7 E i Filistei ebbero paura; perciocchè dicevano: Iddio è venuto nel campo. E dissero: Guai a noi! perciocchè tal cosa non è stata per addietro.

8 Guai a noi! chi ci scamperà dalla mano di questo possente dio? questo è l’Iddio che percosse gli Egizj d’una sconfitta intiera nel deserto.

9 O Filistei, rinforzatevi, e portatevi da valenti uomini; che talora non serviate agli Ebrei, come essi hanno servito a voi; portatevi adunque da valenti uomini, e combattete.

10 I Filistei adunque combatterono, e gl’Israeliti furono sconfitti, e fuggirono ciascuno alle sue stanze; e la sconfitta fu molto grande, talchè caddero morti degl’Israeliti trentamila uomini a piè.

11 E l’Arca di Dio fu presa e i due figliuoli di Eli, Hofni e Finees, furono morti.

12 E un uomo di Beniamino se ne corse dal campo, e giunse in Silo quello stesso giorno, co’ vestimenti stracciati, e con della terra in sul capo.

13 E, come egli giunse, ecco, Eli sedeva in sul seggio, allato alla strada, e stava a riguardare; perciocchè il cuor gli tremava per cagion dell’Arca di Dio. Quell’uomo adunque entrò nella città, portando le novelle, e tutta la città fece un gran grido.

14 Ed Eli, udendo il romor delle grida disse: Che vuol dire il romore di questo tumulto? E quell’uomo andò prestamente ad Eli, e gli raccontò la cosa.

15 Or Eli era d’età di novantotto anni, e la vista gli era venuta meno, talchè egli non poteva vedere.

16 Quell’uomo adunque gli disse: Io son colui che vengo dal campo, e oggi me ne son fuggito dalla battaglia. Ed Eli gli disse: Figliuol mio, come è andato il fatto?

17 E colui che portava le novelle rispose e disse: Israele è fuggito d’innanzi a’ Filistei; ed anche è stata fatta una grande sconfitta del popolo; i tuoi due figliuoli, Hofni e Finees, eziandio son morti, e l’Arca di Dio è stata presa.

18 E, quando egli mentovò l’Arca di Dio, Eli cadde d’in sul seggio a rovescio allato alla porta, e si ruppe la nuca, e morì; perciocchè egli era vecchio e grave. Or egli avea giudicato Israele quarant’anni.

19 E la sua nuora, moglie di Finees, essendo gravida, presta a partorire, udì il grido che l’Arca di Dio era presa, e che il suo suocero, e il suo marito erano morti; onde ella si accosciò, e partorì; perciocchè i dolori le sopraggiunsero ad un tratto.

20 E, in quel punto ch’ella moriva, le donne che le stavano d’intorno, le dissero: Non temere; perciocchè tu hai partorito un figliuolo; ma ella non rispose, e non vi mise il cuore.

21 Pur nondimeno pose nome al fanciullo, Icabod, dicendo: La gloria è stata trasportata d’Israele; perciocchè l’Arca di Dio era stata presa, e per cagione del suo suocero e del suo marito.

22 Disse adunque: La gloria è stata trasportata d’Israele; perciocchè l’Arca di Dio è stata presa.

   


To many Protestant and Evangelical Italians, the Bibles translated by Giovanni Diodati are an important part of their history. Diodati’s first Italian Bible edition was printed in 1607, and his second in 1641. He died in 1649. Throughout the 1800s two editions of Diodati’s text were printed by the British Foreign Bible Society. This is the more recent 1894 edition, translated by Claudiana.

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Exploring the Meaning of 1 Samuel 4

Napsal(a) Garry Walsh

Although everyone in Israel knew that Samuel had been chosen as the Lord’s prophet, the Israelites still didn’t listen to his prophecy. As a result, there was a new battle between the army of Israel and the army of the Philistines. The Philistines won and about four thousand men of Israel died.

The Israelites were in great distress. They sent for the Ark of the Covenant, thinking that if they brought it from Shiloh to the battlefield, it would help bring the power of Jehovah into the battle, and help them win. The two sons of Eli the High Priest, Hophni and Phinehas, came along with the Ark. When the Ark reached the Israelite camp, the Israelites shouted with joy, and the Philistines became afraid. The Philistines knew that the Israelite God was surely with them, and they remembered His power from the plagues of Egypt. (See Exodus 7 and the following chapters.)

And yet, the Philistines were tough enemies. They didn’t want to be slaves to Israel, as Israel had been to them. They gathered their courage and defeated Israel in battle again, and even captured the Ark of the Covenant.

A messenger was sent to bring the bad news to Shiloh, where Eli was. Hophni and Phinehas were dead, and the Ark was in enemy hands. When he heard the news, the elderly Eli fell backwards from his seat and died. Phinehas' wife was pregnant, and when she heard the news of her husband’s death it crushed her spirit, and she died shortly after delivering a son that she named Ichabod. So just as the Lord had told Samuel, the priestly role was taken from Eli’s family.

Why was the Ark of the Covenant important? It contained two stone tablets, on which were written the Ten Commandments. These were written by the finger of God, and given to Moses on Mount Sinai. The Commandments represented the covenant between the Lord and people. They would be joined together through love and faith: God’s love for His people, and their love for Him. Love, faith in God and obedience to His message would forever bind them. The covenant is only fulfilled when people, individually and collectively, do what is written on those two tablets. (See True Christianity 285.)

In this story, the Israelites lost the Ark of the Covenant with the Ten Commandments. This symbolizes how we can lose our covenant with the Lord, our Creator. We are free to keep our covenant with the Lord and follow His laws, or to break it. This story shows us how breaking the covenant can be really destructive.

God, however, will never give up on us, and is always ready to come into our lives if we accept Him. In True Christianity 285, Swedenborg writes that God is always ready to keep His commandment with us, but we must use our free will to keep our commandment with Him. This is illustrated in a quote from Revelation 3:20: “Behold, I stand at the door and knock. If anyone hears my voice and opens the door, I will come in to him and dine with him, and he with me.”

While this story is an example of a covenant with God described in the Old Testament of the Word, this relationship between God and His people (and, of course, with each one of us individually) is a theme throughout all of the Bible. The New Testament describes a new covenant that the Lord seeks to build with each of us.

In Swedenborg’s Writings we learn that the Philistines, whom the Israelites were battling, represent faith without charity. Both faith and charity are necessary to follow the Lord, and knowledge of what is right and true is not useful unless we apply it to our lives. If we don't apply it, this knowledge becomes sort of abstract, something that we remember but that isn't an ongoing part of our life. (See Arcana Coelestia 1197.)

Since Philistines represent knowledge without charity, perhaps this story is telling us that in order to keep our covenant with God, it is not enough to know what is required of us, what is written on the tables of stone. We must also act accordingly. When we both understand the commandments and practice them, then we are able to keep our covenant with God.

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Exodus 7

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1 And the LORD said unto Moses, See, I have made thee a god to Pharaoh: and Aaron thy brother shall be thy prophet.

2 Thou shalt speak all that I command thee: and Aaron thy brother shall speak unto Pharaoh, that he send the children of Israel out of his land.

3 And I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and multiply my signs and my wonders in the land of Egypt.

4 But Pharaoh shall not hearken unto you, that I may lay my hand upon Egypt, and bring forth mine armies, and my people the children of Israel, out of the land of Egypt by great judgments.

5 And the Egyptians shall know that I am the LORD, when I stretch forth mine hand upon Egypt, and bring out the children of Israel from among them.

6 And Moses and Aaron did as the LORD commanded them, so did they.

7 And Moses was fourscore years old, and Aaron fourscore and three years old, when they spake unto Pharaoh.

8 And the LORD spake unto Moses and unto Aaron, saying,

9 When Pharaoh shall speak unto you, saying, Shew a miracle for you: then thou shalt say unto Aaron, Take thy rod, and cast it before Pharaoh, and it shall become a serpent.

10 And Moses and Aaron went in unto Pharaoh, and they did so as the LORD had commanded: and Aaron cast down his rod before Pharaoh, and before his servants, and it became a serpent.

11 Then Pharaoh also called the wise men and the sorcerers: now the magicians of Egypt, they also did in like manner with their enchantments.

12 For they cast down every man his rod, and they became serpents: but Aaron's rod swallowed up their rods.

13 And he hardened Pharaoh's heart, that he hearkened not unto them; as the LORD had said.

14 And the LORD said unto Moses, Pharaoh's heart is hardened, he refuseth to let the people go.

15 Get thee unto Pharaoh in the morning; lo, he goeth out unto the water; and thou shalt stand by the river's brink against he come; and the rod which was turned to a serpent shalt thou take in thine hand.

16 And thou shalt say unto him, The LORD God of the Hebrews hath sent me unto thee, saying, Let my people go, that they may serve me in the wilderness: and, behold, hitherto thou wouldest not hear.

17 Thus saith the LORD, In this thou shalt know that I am the LORD: behold, I will smite with the rod that is in mine hand upon the waters which are in the river, and they shall be turned to blood.

18 And the fish that is in the river shall die, and the river shall stink; and the Egyptians shall lothe to drink of the water of the river.

19 And the LORD spake unto Moses, Say unto Aaron, Take thy rod, and stretch out thine hand upon the waters of Egypt, upon their streams, upon their rivers, and upon their ponds, and upon all their pools of water, that they may become blood; and that there may be blood throughout all the land of Egypt, both in vessels of wood, and in vessels of stone.

20 And Moses and Aaron did so, as the LORD commanded; and he lifted up the rod, and smote the waters that were in the river, in the sight of Pharaoh, and in the sight of his servants; and all the waters that were in the river were turned to blood.

21 And the fish that was in the river died; and the river stank, and the Egyptians could not drink of the water of the river; and there was blood throughout all the land of Egypt.

22 And the magicians of Egypt did so with their enchantments: and Pharaoh's heart was hardened, neither did he hearken unto them; as the LORD had said.

23 And Pharaoh turned and went into his house, neither did he set his heart to this also.

24 And all the Egyptians digged round about the river for water to drink; for they could not drink of the water of the river.

25 And seven days were fulfilled, after that the LORD had smitten the river.