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Shoftim 9

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1 וילך אבימלך בן־ירבעל שכמה אל־אחי אמו וידבר אליהם ואל־כל־משפחת בית־אבי אמו לאמר׃

2 דברו־נא באזני כל־בעלי שכם מה־טוב לכם המשל בכם שבעים איש כל בני ירבעל אם־משל בכם איש אחד וזכרתם כי־עצםכם ובשרכם אני׃

3 וידברו אחי־אמו עליו באזני כל־בעלי שכם את כל־הדברים האלה ויט לבם אחרי אבימלך כי אמרו אחינו הוא׃

4 ויתנו־לו שבעים כסף מבית בעל ברית וישכר בהם אבימלך אנשים ריקים ופחזים וילכו אחריו׃

5 ויבא בית־אביו עפרתה ויהרג את־אחיו בני־ירבעל שבעים איש על־אבן אחת ויותר יותם בן־ירבעל הקטן כי נחבא׃ ס

6 ויאספו כל־בעלי שכם וכל־בית מלוא וילכו וימליכו את־אבימלך למלך עם־אלון מצב אשר בשכם׃

7 ויגדו ליותם וילך ויעמד בראש הר־גרזים וישא קולו ויקרא ויאמר להם שמעו אלי בעלי שכם וישמע אליכם אלהים׃

8 הלוך הלכו העצים למשח עליהם מלך ויאמרו לזית [כ= מלוכה] [ק= מלכה] עלינו׃

9 ויאמר להם הזית החדלתי את־דשני אשר־בי יכבדו אלהים ואנשים והלכתי לנוע על־העצים׃

10 ויאמרו העצים לתאנה לכי־את מלכי עלינו׃

11 ותאמר להם התאנה החדלתי את־מתקי ואת־תנובתי הטובה והלכתי לנוע על־העצים׃

12 ויאמרו העצים לגפן לכי־את [כ= מלוכי] [ק= מלכי] עלינו׃

13 ותאמר להם הגפן החדלתי את־תירושי המשמח אלהים ואנשים והלכתי לנוע על־העצים׃

14 ויאמרו כל־העצים אל־האטד לך אתה מלך־עלינו׃

15 ויאמר האטד אל־העצים אם באמת אתם משחים אתי למלך עליכם באו חסו בצלי ואם־אין תצא אש מן־האטד ותאכל את־ארזי הלבנון׃

16 ועתה אם־באמת ובתמים עשיתם ותמליכו את־אבימלך ואם־טובה עשיתם עם־ירבעל ועם־ביתו ואם־כגמול ידיו עשיתם לו׃

17 אשר־נלחם אבי עליכם וישלך את־נפשו מנגד ויצל אתכם מיד מדין׃

18 ואתם קמתם על־בית אבי היום ותהרגו את־בניו שבעים איש על־אבן אחת ותמליכו את־אבימלך בן־אמתו על־בעלי שכם כי אחיכם הוא׃

19 ואם־באמת ובתמים עשיתם עם־ירבעל ועם־ביתו היום הזה שמחו באבימלך וישמח גם־הוא בכם׃

20 ואם־אין תצא אש מאבימלך ותאכל את־בעלי שכם ואת־בית מלוא ותצא אש מבעלי שכם ומבית מלוא ותאכל את־אבימלך׃

21 וינס יותם ויברח וילך בארה וישב שם מפני אבימלך אחיו׃ ף

22 וישר אבימלך על־ישראל שלש שנים׃

23 וישלח אלהים רוח רעה בין אבימלך ובין בעלי שכם ויבגדו בעלי־שכם באבימלך׃

24 לבוא חמס שבעים בני־ירבעל ודםם לשום על־אבימלך אחיהם אשר הרג אותם ועל בעלי שכם אשר־חזקו את־ידיו להרג את־אחיו׃

25 וישימו לו בעלי שכם מארבים על ראשי ההרים ויגזלו את כל־אשר־יעבר עליהם בדרך ויגד לאבימלך׃ ף

26 ויבא געל בן־עבד ואחיו ויעברו בשכם ויבטחו־בו בעלי שכם׃

27 ויצאו השדה ויבצרו את־כרמיהם וידרכו ויעשו הלולים ויבאו בית אלהיהם ויאכלו וישתו ויקללו את־אבימלך׃

28 ויאמר געל בן־עבד מי־אבימלך ומי־שכם כי נעבדנו הלא בן־ירבעל וזבל פקידו עבדו את־אנשי חמור אבי שכם ומדוע נעבדנו אנחנו׃

29 ומי יתן את־העם הזה בידי ואסירה את־אבימלך ויאמר לאבימלך רבה צבאך וצאה׃

30 וישמע זבל שר־העיר את־דברי געל בן־עבד ויחר אפו׃

31 וישלח מלאכים אל־אבימלך בתרמה לאמר הנה געל בן־עבד ואחיו באים שכמה והנם צרים את־העיר עליך׃

32 ועתה קום לילה אתה והעם אשר־אתך וארב בשדה׃

33 והיה בבקר כזרח השמש תשכים ופשטת על־העיר והנה־הוא והעם אשר־אתו יצאים אליך ועשית לו כאשר תמצא ידך׃ ס

34 ויקם אבימלך וכל־העם אשר־עמו לילה ויארבו על־שכם ארבעה ראשים׃

35 ויצא געל בן־עבד ויעמד פתח שער העיר ויקם אבימלך והעם אשר־אתו מן־המארב׃

36 וירא־געל את־העם ויאמר אל־זבל הנה־עם יורד מראשי ההרים ויאמר אליו זבל את צל ההרים אתה ראה כאנשים׃ ס

37 ויסף עוד געל לדבר ויאמר הנה־עם יורדים מעם טבור הארץ וראש־אחד בא מדרך אלון מעוננים׃

38 ויאמר אליו זבל איה אפוא פיך אשר תאמר מי אבימלך כי נעבדנו הלא זה העם אשר מאסתה בו צא־נא עתה והלחם בו׃ ס

39 ויצא געל לפני בעלי שכם וילחם באבימלך׃

40 וירדפהו אבימלך וינס מפניו ויפלו חללים רבים עד־פתח השער׃

41 וישב אבימלך בארומה ויגרש זבל את־געל ואת־אחיו משבת בשכם׃

42 ויהי ממחרת ויצא העם השדה ויגדו לאבימלך׃

43 ויקח את־העם ויחצם לשלשה ראשים ויארב בשדה וירא והנה העם יצא מן־העיר ויקם עליהם ויכם׃

44 ואבימלך והראשים אשר עמו פשטו ויעמדו פתח שער העיר ושני הראשים פשטו על־כל־אשר בשדה ויכום׃

45 ואבימלך נלחם בעיר כל היום ההוא וילכד את־העיר ואת־העם אשר־בה הרג ויתץ את־העיר ויזרעה מלח׃ ף

46 וישמעו כל־בעלי מגדל־שכם ויבאו אל־צריח בית אל ברית׃

47 ויגד לאבימלך כי התקבצו כל־בעלי מגדל־שכם׃

48 ויעל אבימלך הר־צלמון הוא וכל־העם אשר־אתו ויקח אבימלך את־הקרדמות בידו ויכרת שוכת עצים וישאה וישם על־שכמו ויאמר אל־העם אשר־עמו מה ראיתם עשיתי מהרו עשו כמוני׃

49 ויכרתו גם־כל־העם איש שוכה וילכו אחרי אבימלך וישימו על־הצריח ויציתו עליהם את־הצריח באש וימתו גם כל־אנשי מגדל־שכם כאלף איש ואשה׃ ף

50 וילך אבימלך אל־תבץ ויחן בתבץ וילכדה׃

51 ומגדל־עז היה בתוך־העיר וינסו שמה כל־האנשים והנשים וכל בעלי העיר ויסגרו בעדם ויעלו על־גג המגדל׃

52 ויבא אבימלך עד־המגדל וילחם בו ויגש עד־פתח המגדל לשרפו באש׃

53 ותשלך אשה אחת פלח רכב על־ראש אבימלך ותרץ את־גלגלתו׃

54 ויקרא מהרה אל־הנער נשא כליו ויאמר לו שלף חרבך ומותתני פן־יאמרו לי אשה הרגתהו וידקרהו נערו וימת׃

55 ויראו איש־ישראל כי מת אבימלך וילכו איש למקמו׃

56 וישב אלהים את רעת אבימלך אשר עשה לאביו להרג את־שבעים אחיו׃

57 ואת כל־רעת אנשי שכם השיב אלהים בראשם ותבא אליהם קללת יותם בן־ירבעל׃ ף

   

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Exploring the Meaning of Judges 9

Napsal(a) New Christian Bible Study Staff, Julian Duckworth

Judges 9: Abimelech’s conspiracy, the parable of the trees, Abimelech’s downfall.

This chapter follows the story of Gideon’s many sons; he had seventy sons by his many wives, and also one other son, Abimelech, by a concubine. After Gideon’s death, Abimelech went to the men of Shechem, where his mother’s family lived, and asked them if they would rather be ruled by seventy sons, or by him. The men of Shechem agreed it would be better to have one king, so they gave him seventy pieces of silver from the temple of Baal. Using the silver, Abimelech hired men to come with him, and they killed the seventy sons of Gideon except the youngest, Jotham, who hid. Then they anointed Abimelech king.

When Jotham heard the news, he stood on the top of Mount Gerizim and taunted the men of Shechem with a parable. In his parable, the trees were searching for a king to lead them; they ask the olive, then the fig, then the vine to rule over them. Each refuses, because they do not want to give up their special purpose. Finally, the bramble agrees to lead them, but gives them the choice of either sheltering in its non-existent shade or being consumed by its own fire.

Jotham explained the parable, warning that Abimelech and the men of Shechem would more than likely tear each other down in the end. Then he fled to Beer to escape his brother’s vengeance.

After Abimelech had ruled Israel for three years, the Lord sent an evil spirit to spark ill-will between Abimelech and the men of Shechem. This evil spirit was meant to avenge the killing of Gideon’s seventy sons.

The rest of this chapter describes the city’s descent into chaos, illustrating the various manifestations of evil and falsity through many examples. Robbers were sent to ambush travellers in the mountains, the people of Shechem drunkenly cursed Abimelech in the temple of their god, and the tower of Shechem was burned, killing a thousand hiding in it. Finally, Abimelech lay siege to Thebez, and the people took shelter on the top of a tower there. When he tried to burn that tower, a woman hurled down a millstone to break Abimelech’s skull. In his final moments, Abimelech commanded his armourbearer to kill him with his sword, so that people would not say he was killed by a woman. All of these incidents depict the absolute corruption under Abimelech’s rule.

*****

The key to understanding this story is that Gideon’s son, Abimelech, is the son of a concubine, not a lawful wife. Spiritually speaking, a concubine stands for a love that has become distorted. A genuine love for someone is a love for sake of that other person, while a distorted love means loving someone for what we can get from them (see Swedenborg’s work, Divine Love and Wisdom 271[2], on the love of dominating for the sake of self-love).

The references to Gideon’s seventy sons stand for the enormity of Abimelech’s wrongdoing. The number ‘seven’ stands for something fully worked through, and seventy even more so.

Jotham’s parable presents three levels of pure love: the love of the Lord (the olive with its fragrant oil), the love of truth (the vine with its rich wine), and the love of use (the fig with its abundant seeds). The bramble, with its painful grip, stands for a love of evil and falsity (see Swedenborg’s work, Arcana Caelestia 273).

The evil spirit sent by the Lord seems to show that God was punishing his own people, but that is only how things appear (Arcana Caelestia 1838). When we look deeper, we will realize that we are punished by our own evil actions, for evil breeds more evil and there is no rest for the wicked (see Isaiah 48:22). In regeneration, the process of breaking down the power of evil and false states in ourselves is called “vastation”. Once we have done the grueling work to minimize these influences over us, we can fully appreciate the joys of spiritual life (Arcana Caelestia 2694[2]).

Spiritually, an ambush depicts the way hell attacks our minds: without warning. Drunkenness and cursing a former ally stands for the abandonment of all values and integrity. The tower represents the pride which rises up in self-love and love of dominance, and beyond that, Abimelech’s aversion to being killed by a woman stands for the rejection of all that is good and true. Her millstone grinds corn to make it edible, in the same way that we must process truths to put them to use (see Swedenborg’s work, Apocalypse Explained 1182).

This powerful chapter shows the descent of evil into greater evils, until they become so consuming they have no vestige of good left, and no recognition of truth remaining. The final two verses state: “Thus God repaid the wickedness of Abimelech, which he had done to his father by killing his seventy brothers. And all the evil of the men of Shechem God returned on their own heads, and on them came the curse of Jotham the son of Gideon.”

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Judges 9

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1 And Abimelech the son of Jerubbaal went to Shechem unto his mother's brethren, and communed with them, and with all the family of the house of his mother's father, saying,

2 Speak, I pray you, in the ears of all the men of Shechem, Whether is better for you, either that all the sons of Jerubbaal, which are threescore and ten persons, reign over you, or that one reign over you? remember also that I am your bone and your flesh.

3 And his mother's brethren spake of him in the ears of all the men of Shechem all these words: and their hearts inclined to follow Abimelech; for they said, He is our brother.

4 And they gave him threescore and ten pieces of silver out of the house of Baal-berith, wherewith Abimelech hired vain and light persons, which followed him.

5 And he went unto his father's house at Ophrah, and slew his brethren the sons of Jerubbaal, being threescore and ten persons, upon one stone: notwithstanding yet Jotham the youngest son of Jerubbaal was left; for he hid himself.

6 And all the men of Shechem gathered together, and all the house of Millo, and went, and made Abimelech king, by the plain of the pillar that was in Shechem.

7 And when they told it to Jotham, he went and stood in the top of mount Gerizim, and lifted up his voice, and cried, and said unto them, Hearken unto me, ye men of Shechem, that God may Hearken unto you.

8 The trees went forth on a time to anoint a king over them; and they said unto the olive tree, Reign thou over us.

9 But the olive tree said unto them, Should I leave my fatness, wherewith by me they honour God and man, and go to be promoted over the trees?

10 And the trees said to the fig tree, Come thou, and reign over us.

11 But the fig tree said unto them, Should I forsake my sweetness, and my good fruit, and go to be promoted over the trees?

12 Then said the trees unto the vine, Come thou, and reign over us.

13 And the vine said unto them, Should I leave my wine, which cheereth God and man, and go to be promoted over the trees?

14 Then said all the trees unto the bramble, Come thou, and reign over us.

15 And the bramble said unto the trees, If in truth ye anoint me king over you, then come and put your trust in my shadow: and if not, let fire come out of the bramble, and devour the cedars of Lebanon.

16 Now therefore, if ye have done truly and sincerely, in that ye have made Abimelech king, and if ye have dealt well with Jerubbaal and his house, and have done unto him according to the deserving of his hands;

17 (For my father fought for you, and adventured his life far, and delivered you out of the hand of Midian:

18 And ye are risen up against my father's house this day, and have slain his sons, threescore and ten persons, upon one stone, and have made Abimelech, the son of his maidservant, king over the men of Shechem, because he is your brother;)

19 If ye then have dealt truly and sincerely with Jerubbaal and with his house this day, then rejoice ye in Abimelech, and let him also rejoice in you:

20 But if not, let fire come out from Abimelech, and devour the men of Shechem, and the house of Millo; and let fire come out from the men of Shechem, and from the house of Millo, and devour Abimelech.

21 And Jotham ran away, and fled, and went to Beer, and dwelt there, for fear of Abimelech his brother.

22 When Abimelech had reigned three years over Israel,

23 Then God sent an evil spirit between Abimelech and the men of Shechem; and the men of Shechem dealt treacherously with Abimelech:

24 That the cruelty done to the threescore and ten sons of Jerubbaal might come, and their blood be laid upon Abimelech their brother, which slew them; and upon the men of Shechem, which aided him in the killing of his brethren.

25 And the men of Shechem set liers in wait for him in the top of the mountains, and they robbed all that came along that way by them: and it was told Abimelech.

26 And Gaal the son of Ebed came with his brethren, and went over to Shechem: and the men of Shechem put their confidence in him.

27 And they went out into the fields, and gathered their vineyards, and trode the grapes, and made merry, and went into the house of their god, and did eat and drink, and cursed Abimelech.

28 And Gaal the son of Ebed said, Who is Abimelech, and who is Shechem, that we should serve him? is not he the son of Jerubbaal? and Zebul his officer? serve the men of Hamor the father of Shechem: for why should we serve him?

29 And would to God this people were under my hand! then would I remove Abimelech. And he said to Abimelech, Increase thine army, and come out.

30 And when Zebul the ruler of the city heard the words of Gaal the son of Ebed, his anger was kindled.

31 And he sent messengers unto Abimelech privily, saying, Behold, Gaal the son of Ebed and his brethren be come to Shechem; and, behold, they fortify the city against thee.

32 Now therefore up by night, thou and the people that is with thee, and lie in wait in the field:

33 And it shall be, that in the morning, as soon as the sun is up, thou shalt rise early, and set upon the city: and, behold, when he and the people that is with him come out against thee, then mayest thou do to them as thou shalt find occasion.

34 And Abimelech rose up, and all the people that were with him, by night, and they laid wait against Shechem in four companies.

35 And Gaal the son of Ebed went out, and stood in the entering of the gate of the city: and Abimelech rose up, and the people that were with him, from lying in wait.

36 And when Gaal saw the people, he said to Zebul, Behold, there come people down from the top of the mountains. And Zebul said unto him, Thou seest the shadow of the mountains as if they were men.

37 And Gaal spake again and said, See there come people down by the middle of the land, and another company come along by the plain of Meonenim.

38 Then said Zebul unto him, Where is now thy mouth, wherewith thou saidst, Who is Abimelech, that we should serve him? is not this the people that thou hast despised? go out, I pray now, and fight with them.

39 And Gaal went out before the men of Shechem, and fought with Abimelech.

40 And Abimelech chased him, and he fled before him, and many were overthrown and wounded, even unto the entering of the gate.

41 And Abimelech dwelt at Arumah: and Zebul thrust out Gaal and his brethren, that they should not dwell in Shechem.

42 And it came to pass on the morrow, that the people went out into the field; and they told Abimelech.

43 And he took the people, and divided them into three companies, and laid wait in the field, and looked, and, behold, the people were come forth out of the city; and he rose up against them, and smote them.

44 And Abimelech, and the company that was with him, rushed forward, and stood in the entering of the gate of the city: and the two other companies ran upon all the people that were in the fields, and slew them.

45 And Abimelech fought against the city all that day; and he took the city, and slew the people that was therein, and beat down the city, and sowed it with salt.

46 And when all the men of the tower of Shechem heard that, they entered into an hold of the house of the god Berith.

47 And it was told Abimelech, that all the men of the tower of Shechem were gathered together.

48 And Abimelech gat him up to mount Zalmon, he and all the people that were with him; and Abimelech took an axe in his hand, and cut down a bough from the trees, and took it, and laid it on his shoulder, and said unto the people that were with him, What ye have seen me do, make haste, and do as I have done.

49 And all the people likewise cut down every man his bough, and followed Abimelech, and put them to the hold, and set the hold on fire upon them; so that all the men of the tower of Shechem died also, about a thousand men and women.

50 Then went Abimelech to Thebez, and encamped against Thebez, and took it.

51 But there was a strong tower within the city, and thither fled all the men and women, and all they of the city, and shut it to them, and gat them up to the top of the tower.

52 And Abimelech came unto the tower, and fought against it, and went hard unto the door of the tower to burn it with fire.

53 And a certain woman cast a piece of a millstone upon Abimelech's head, and all to brake his skull.

54 Then he called hastily unto the young man his armourbearer, and said unto him, Draw thy sword, and slay me, that men say not of me, A woman slew him. And his young man thrust him through, and he died.

55 And when the men of Israel saw that Abimelech was dead, they departed every man unto his place.

56 Thus God rendered the wickedness of Abimelech, which he did unto his father, in slaying his seventy brethren:

57 And all the evil of the men of Shechem did God render upon their heads: and upon them came the curse of Jotham the son of Jerubbaal.