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Shoftim 9

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1 וילך אבימלך בן־ירבעל שכמה אל־אחי אמו וידבר אליהם ואל־כל־משפחת בית־אבי אמו לאמר׃

2 דברו־נא באזני כל־בעלי שכם מה־טוב לכם המשל בכם שבעים איש כל בני ירבעל אם־משל בכם איש אחד וזכרתם כי־עצםכם ובשרכם אני׃

3 וידברו אחי־אמו עליו באזני כל־בעלי שכם את כל־הדברים האלה ויט לבם אחרי אבימלך כי אמרו אחינו הוא׃

4 ויתנו־לו שבעים כסף מבית בעל ברית וישכר בהם אבימלך אנשים ריקים ופחזים וילכו אחריו׃

5 ויבא בית־אביו עפרתה ויהרג את־אחיו בני־ירבעל שבעים איש על־אבן אחת ויותר יותם בן־ירבעל הקטן כי נחבא׃ ס

6 ויאספו כל־בעלי שכם וכל־בית מלוא וילכו וימליכו את־אבימלך למלך עם־אלון מצב אשר בשכם׃

7 ויגדו ליותם וילך ויעמד בראש הר־גרזים וישא קולו ויקרא ויאמר להם שמעו אלי בעלי שכם וישמע אליכם אלהים׃

8 הלוך הלכו העצים למשח עליהם מלך ויאמרו לזית [כ= מלוכה] [ק= מלכה] עלינו׃

9 ויאמר להם הזית החדלתי את־דשני אשר־בי יכבדו אלהים ואנשים והלכתי לנוע על־העצים׃

10 ויאמרו העצים לתאנה לכי־את מלכי עלינו׃

11 ותאמר להם התאנה החדלתי את־מתקי ואת־תנובתי הטובה והלכתי לנוע על־העצים׃

12 ויאמרו העצים לגפן לכי־את [כ= מלוכי] [ק= מלכי] עלינו׃

13 ותאמר להם הגפן החדלתי את־תירושי המשמח אלהים ואנשים והלכתי לנוע על־העצים׃

14 ויאמרו כל־העצים אל־האטד לך אתה מלך־עלינו׃

15 ויאמר האטד אל־העצים אם באמת אתם משחים אתי למלך עליכם באו חסו בצלי ואם־אין תצא אש מן־האטד ותאכל את־ארזי הלבנון׃

16 ועתה אם־באמת ובתמים עשיתם ותמליכו את־אבימלך ואם־טובה עשיתם עם־ירבעל ועם־ביתו ואם־כגמול ידיו עשיתם לו׃

17 אשר־נלחם אבי עליכם וישלך את־נפשו מנגד ויצל אתכם מיד מדין׃

18 ואתם קמתם על־בית אבי היום ותהרגו את־בניו שבעים איש על־אבן אחת ותמליכו את־אבימלך בן־אמתו על־בעלי שכם כי אחיכם הוא׃

19 ואם־באמת ובתמים עשיתם עם־ירבעל ועם־ביתו היום הזה שמחו באבימלך וישמח גם־הוא בכם׃

20 ואם־אין תצא אש מאבימלך ותאכל את־בעלי שכם ואת־בית מלוא ותצא אש מבעלי שכם ומבית מלוא ותאכל את־אבימלך׃

21 וינס יותם ויברח וילך בארה וישב שם מפני אבימלך אחיו׃ ף

22 וישר אבימלך על־ישראל שלש שנים׃

23 וישלח אלהים רוח רעה בין אבימלך ובין בעלי שכם ויבגדו בעלי־שכם באבימלך׃

24 לבוא חמס שבעים בני־ירבעל ודםם לשום על־אבימלך אחיהם אשר הרג אותם ועל בעלי שכם אשר־חזקו את־ידיו להרג את־אחיו׃

25 וישימו לו בעלי שכם מארבים על ראשי ההרים ויגזלו את כל־אשר־יעבר עליהם בדרך ויגד לאבימלך׃ ף

26 ויבא געל בן־עבד ואחיו ויעברו בשכם ויבטחו־בו בעלי שכם׃

27 ויצאו השדה ויבצרו את־כרמיהם וידרכו ויעשו הלולים ויבאו בית אלהיהם ויאכלו וישתו ויקללו את־אבימלך׃

28 ויאמר געל בן־עבד מי־אבימלך ומי־שכם כי נעבדנו הלא בן־ירבעל וזבל פקידו עבדו את־אנשי חמור אבי שכם ומדוע נעבדנו אנחנו׃

29 ומי יתן את־העם הזה בידי ואסירה את־אבימלך ויאמר לאבימלך רבה צבאך וצאה׃

30 וישמע זבל שר־העיר את־דברי געל בן־עבד ויחר אפו׃

31 וישלח מלאכים אל־אבימלך בתרמה לאמר הנה געל בן־עבד ואחיו באים שכמה והנם צרים את־העיר עליך׃

32 ועתה קום לילה אתה והעם אשר־אתך וארב בשדה׃

33 והיה בבקר כזרח השמש תשכים ופשטת על־העיר והנה־הוא והעם אשר־אתו יצאים אליך ועשית לו כאשר תמצא ידך׃ ס

34 ויקם אבימלך וכל־העם אשר־עמו לילה ויארבו על־שכם ארבעה ראשים׃

35 ויצא געל בן־עבד ויעמד פתח שער העיר ויקם אבימלך והעם אשר־אתו מן־המארב׃

36 וירא־געל את־העם ויאמר אל־זבל הנה־עם יורד מראשי ההרים ויאמר אליו זבל את צל ההרים אתה ראה כאנשים׃ ס

37 ויסף עוד געל לדבר ויאמר הנה־עם יורדים מעם טבור הארץ וראש־אחד בא מדרך אלון מעוננים׃

38 ויאמר אליו זבל איה אפוא פיך אשר תאמר מי אבימלך כי נעבדנו הלא זה העם אשר מאסתה בו צא־נא עתה והלחם בו׃ ס

39 ויצא געל לפני בעלי שכם וילחם באבימלך׃

40 וירדפהו אבימלך וינס מפניו ויפלו חללים רבים עד־פתח השער׃

41 וישב אבימלך בארומה ויגרש זבל את־געל ואת־אחיו משבת בשכם׃

42 ויהי ממחרת ויצא העם השדה ויגדו לאבימלך׃

43 ויקח את־העם ויחצם לשלשה ראשים ויארב בשדה וירא והנה העם יצא מן־העיר ויקם עליהם ויכם׃

44 ואבימלך והראשים אשר עמו פשטו ויעמדו פתח שער העיר ושני הראשים פשטו על־כל־אשר בשדה ויכום׃

45 ואבימלך נלחם בעיר כל היום ההוא וילכד את־העיר ואת־העם אשר־בה הרג ויתץ את־העיר ויזרעה מלח׃ ף

46 וישמעו כל־בעלי מגדל־שכם ויבאו אל־צריח בית אל ברית׃

47 ויגד לאבימלך כי התקבצו כל־בעלי מגדל־שכם׃

48 ויעל אבימלך הר־צלמון הוא וכל־העם אשר־אתו ויקח אבימלך את־הקרדמות בידו ויכרת שוכת עצים וישאה וישם על־שכמו ויאמר אל־העם אשר־עמו מה ראיתם עשיתי מהרו עשו כמוני׃

49 ויכרתו גם־כל־העם איש שוכה וילכו אחרי אבימלך וישימו על־הצריח ויציתו עליהם את־הצריח באש וימתו גם כל־אנשי מגדל־שכם כאלף איש ואשה׃ ף

50 וילך אבימלך אל־תבץ ויחן בתבץ וילכדה׃

51 ומגדל־עז היה בתוך־העיר וינסו שמה כל־האנשים והנשים וכל בעלי העיר ויסגרו בעדם ויעלו על־גג המגדל׃

52 ויבא אבימלך עד־המגדל וילחם בו ויגש עד־פתח המגדל לשרפו באש׃

53 ותשלך אשה אחת פלח רכב על־ראש אבימלך ותרץ את־גלגלתו׃

54 ויקרא מהרה אל־הנער נשא כליו ויאמר לו שלף חרבך ומותתני פן־יאמרו לי אשה הרגתהו וידקרהו נערו וימת׃

55 ויראו איש־ישראל כי מת אבימלך וילכו איש למקמו׃

56 וישב אלהים את רעת אבימלך אשר עשה לאביו להרג את־שבעים אחיו׃

57 ואת כל־רעת אנשי שכם השיב אלהים בראשם ותבא אליהם קללת יותם בן־ירבעל׃ ף

   

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Exploring the Meaning of Judges 9

Napsal(a) New Christian Bible Study Staff, Julian Duckworth

Judges 9: Abimelech’s conspiracy, the parable of the trees, Abimelech’s downfall.

This chapter follows the story of Gideon’s many sons; he had seventy sons by his many wives, and also one other son, Abimelech, by a concubine. After Gideon’s death, Abimelech went to the men of Shechem, where his mother’s family lived, and asked them if they would rather be ruled by seventy sons, or by him. The men of Shechem agreed it would be better to have one king, so they gave him seventy pieces of silver from the temple of Baal. Using the silver, Abimelech hired men to come with him, and they killed the seventy sons of Gideon except the youngest, Jotham, who hid. Then they anointed Abimelech king.

When Jotham heard the news, he stood on the top of Mount Gerizim and taunted the men of Shechem with a parable. In his parable, the trees were searching for a king to lead them; they ask the olive, then the fig, then the vine to rule over them. Each refuses, because they do not want to give up their special purpose. Finally, the bramble agrees to lead them, but gives them the choice of either sheltering in its non-existent shade or being consumed by its own fire.

Jotham explained the parable, warning that Abimelech and the men of Shechem would more than likely tear each other down in the end. Then he fled to Beer to escape his brother’s vengeance.

After Abimelech had ruled Israel for three years, the Lord sent an evil spirit to spark ill-will between Abimelech and the men of Shechem. This evil spirit was meant to avenge the killing of Gideon’s seventy sons.

The rest of this chapter describes the city’s descent into chaos, illustrating the various manifestations of evil and falsity through many examples. Robbers were sent to ambush travellers in the mountains, the people of Shechem drunkenly cursed Abimelech in the temple of their god, and the tower of Shechem was burned, killing a thousand hiding in it. Finally, Abimelech lay siege to Thebez, and the people took shelter on the top of a tower there. When he tried to burn that tower, a woman hurled down a millstone to break Abimelech’s skull. In his final moments, Abimelech commanded his armourbearer to kill him with his sword, so that people would not say he was killed by a woman. All of these incidents depict the absolute corruption under Abimelech’s rule.

*****

The key to understanding this story is that Gideon’s son, Abimelech, is the son of a concubine, not a lawful wife. Spiritually speaking, a concubine stands for a love that has become distorted. A genuine love for someone is a love for sake of that other person, while a distorted love means loving someone for what we can get from them (see Swedenborg’s work, Divine Love and Wisdom 271[2], on the love of dominating for the sake of self-love).

The references to Gideon’s seventy sons stand for the enormity of Abimelech’s wrongdoing. The number ‘seven’ stands for something fully worked through, and seventy even more so.

Jotham’s parable presents three levels of pure love: the love of the Lord (the olive with its fragrant oil), the love of truth (the vine with its rich wine), and the love of use (the fig with its abundant seeds). The bramble, with its painful grip, stands for a love of evil and falsity (see Swedenborg’s work, Arcana Caelestia 273).

The evil spirit sent by the Lord seems to show that God was punishing his own people, but that is only how things appear (Arcana Caelestia 1838). When we look deeper, we will realize that we are punished by our own evil actions, for evil breeds more evil and there is no rest for the wicked (see Isaiah 48:22). In regeneration, the process of breaking down the power of evil and false states in ourselves is called “vastation”. Once we have done the grueling work to minimize these influences over us, we can fully appreciate the joys of spiritual life (Arcana Caelestia 2694[2]).

Spiritually, an ambush depicts the way hell attacks our minds: without warning. Drunkenness and cursing a former ally stands for the abandonment of all values and integrity. The tower represents the pride which rises up in self-love and love of dominance, and beyond that, Abimelech’s aversion to being killed by a woman stands for the rejection of all that is good and true. Her millstone grinds corn to make it edible, in the same way that we must process truths to put them to use (see Swedenborg’s work, Apocalypse Explained 1182).

This powerful chapter shows the descent of evil into greater evils, until they become so consuming they have no vestige of good left, and no recognition of truth remaining. The final two verses state: “Thus God repaid the wickedness of Abimelech, which he had done to his father by killing his seventy brothers. And all the evil of the men of Shechem God returned on their own heads, and on them came the curse of Jotham the son of Gideon.”

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Judges 8

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1 And the men of Ephraim said unto him, Why hast thou served us thus, that thou calledst us not, when thou wentest to fight with the Midianites? And they did chide with him sharply.

2 And he said unto them, What have I done now in comparison of you? Is not the gleaning of the grapes of Ephraim better than the vintage of Abi-ezer?

3 God hath delivered into your hands the princes of Midian, Oreb and Zeeb: and what was I able to do in comparison of you? Then their anger was abated toward him, when he had said that.

4 And Gideon came to Jordan, and passed over, he, and the three hundred men that were with him, faint, yet pursuing them.

5 And he said unto the men of Succoth, Give, I pray you, loaves of bread unto the people that follow me; for they be faint, and I am pursuing after Zebah and Zalmunna, kings of Midian.

6 And the princes of Succoth said, Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna now in thine hand, that we should give bread unto thine army?

7 And Gideon said, Therefore when the LORD hath delivered Zebah and Zalmunna into mine hand, then I will tear your flesh with the thorns of the wilderness and with briers.

8 And he went up thence to Penuel, and spake unto them likewise: and the men of Penuel answered him as the men of Succoth had answered him.

9 And he spake also unto the men of Penuel, saying, When I come again in peace, I will break down this tower.

10 Now Zebah and Zalmunna were in Karkor, and their hosts with them, about fifteen thousand men, all that were left of all the hosts of the children of the east: for there fell an hundred and twenty thousand men that drew sword.

11 And Gideon went up by the way of them that dwelt in tents on the east of Nobah and Jogbehah, and smote the host: for the host was secure.

12 And when Zebah and Zalmunna fled, he pursued after them, and took the two kings of Midian, Zebah and Zalmunna, and discomfited all the host.

13 And Gideon the son of Joash returned from battle before the sun was up,

14 And caught a young man of the men of Succoth, and inquired of him: and he described unto him the princes of Succoth, and the elders thereof, even threescore and seventeen men.

15 And he came unto the men of Succoth, and said, Behold Zebah and Zalmunna, with whom ye did upbraid me, saying, Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna now in thine hand, that we should give bread unto thy men that are weary?

16 And he took the elders of the city, and thorns of the wilderness and briers, and with them he taught the men of Succoth.

17 And he beat down the tower of Penuel, and slew the men of the city.

18 Then said he unto Zebah and Zalmunna, What manner of men were they whom ye slew at Tabor? And they answered, As thou art, so were they; each one resembled the children of a king.

19 And he said, They were my brethren, even the sons of my mother: as the LORD liveth, if ye had saved them alive, I would not slay you.

20 And he said unto Jether his firstborn, Up, and slay them. But the youth drew not his sword: for he feared, because he was yet a youth.

21 Then Zebah and Zalmunna said, Rise thou, and fall upon us: for as the man is, so is his strength. And Gideon arose, and slew Zebah and Zalmunna, and took away the ornaments that were on their camels' necks.

22 Then the men of Israel said unto Gideon, Rule thou over us, both thou, and thy son, and thy son's son also: for thou hast delivered us from the hand of Midian.

23 And Gideon said unto them, I will not rule over you, neither shall my son rule over you: the LORD shall rule over you.

24 And Gideon said unto them, I would desire a request of you, that ye would give me every man the earrings of his prey. (For they had golden earrings, because they were Ishmaelites.)

25 And they answered, We will willingly give them. And they spread a garment, and did cast therein every man the earrings of his prey.

26 And the weight of the golden earrings that he requested was a thousand and seven hundred shekels of gold; beside ornaments, and collars, and purple raiment that was on the kings of Midian, and beside the chains that were about their camels' necks.

27 And Gideon made an ephod thereof, and put it in his city, even in Ophrah: and all Israel went thither a whoring after it: which thing became a snare unto Gideon, and to his house.

28 Thus was Midian subdued before the children of Israel, so that they lifted up their heads no more. And the country was in quietness forty years in the days of Gideon.

29 And Jerubbaal the son of Joash went and dwelt in his own house.

30 And Gideon had threescore and ten sons of his body begotten: for he had many wives.

31 And his concubine that was in Shechem, she also bare him a son, whose name he called Abimelech.

32 And Gideon the son of Joash died in a good old age, and was buried in the sepulchre of Joash his father, in Ophrah of the Abi-ezrites.

33 And it came to pass, as soon as Gideon was dead, that the children of Israel turned again, and went a whoring after Baalim, and made Baal-berith their god.

34 And the children of Israel remembered not the LORD their God, who had delivered them out of the hands of all their enemies on every side:

35 Neither shewed they kindness to the house of Jerubbaal, namely, Gideon, according to all the goodness which he had shewed unto Israel.