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Δικαστές 1

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1 Και μετα τον θανατον του Ιησου, ηρωτησαν οι υιοι Ισραηλ τον Κυριον, λεγοντες, Τις θελει αναβη υπερ ημων πρωτος κατα των Χαναναιων, δια να πολεμηση αυτους;

2 Και ειπεν ο Κυριος, Ο Ιουδας θελει αναβη· ιδου, παρεδωκα τον τοπον εις την χειρα αυτου.

3 Και ειπεν ο Ιουδας προς Συμεων τον αδελφον αυτου, Αναβα μετ' εμου εις τον κληρον μου, δια να πολεμησωμεν τους Χαναναιους, και εγω ομοιως θελω ελθει μετα σου εις τον κληρον σου. Και υπηγε μετ' αυτου ο Συμεων.

4 Και ο Ιουδας ανεβη· και παρεδωκεν ο Κυριος τους Χαναναιους και τους Φερεζαιους εις την χειρα αυτων· και επαταξαν εξ αυτων εν Βεζεκ δεκα χιλιαδας ανδρων.

5 Και ευρηκαν τον Αδωνι-Βεζεκ εν Βεζεκ, και επολεμησαν αυτον και επαταξαν τους Χαναναιους και τους Φερεζαιους.

6 Ο δε Αδωνι-Βεζεκ εφυγε· και εκεινοι κατεδιωξαν οπισω αυτου και συνελαβον αυτον και απεκοψαν τους μεγαλους δακτυλους των χειρων αυτου και των ποδων αυτου.

7 Και ειπεν ο Αδωνι-Βεζεκ, Εβδομηκοντα βασιλεις, αποκεκομμενοι τους μεγαλους δακτυλους των χειρων αυτων και των ποδων, εσυναζον τα πιπτοντα υποκατω της τραπεζης μου· ως εγω εκαμα, ουτως ανταπεδωκεν εις εμε ο Θεος. Και εφεραν αυτον εις Ιερουσαλημ, και απεθανεν εκει.

8 Και οι υιοι Ιουδα επολεμησαν κατα της Ιερουσαλημ και εκυριευσαν αυτην· και επαταξαν αυτην εν στοματι μαχαιρας και την πολιν παρεδωκαν εις πυρ.

9 Και μετα ταυτα κατεβησαν οι υιοι Ιουδα δια να πολεμησωσι τους Χαναναιους, τους κατοικουντας εν τη ορεινη και εν τη μεσημβρινη και εν τη πεδινη.

10 Και υπηγεν ο Ιουδας εναντιον των Χαναναιων των κατοικουντων εν Χεβρων· το δε ονομα της Χεβρων ητο προτερον Κιριαθ-αρβα· και εθανατωσαν τον Σεσαι, και τον Αχιμαν και τον Θαλμαι.

11 Και εκειθεν υπηγον εναντιον των κατοικων της Δεβειρ· το δε ονομα της Δεβειρ ητο προτερον Κιριαθ-σεφερ.

12 Και ειπεν ο Χαλεβ, Οστις παταξη την Κιριαθ-σεφερ και κυριευση αυτην, εις τουτον θελω δωσει Αχσαν την θυγατερα μου εις γυναικα.

13 Και εκυριευσεν αυτην Γοθονιηλ ο υιος του Κενεζ, ο νεωτερος αδελφος του Χαλεβ· και εδωκεν εις αυτον Αχσαν την θυγατερα αυτου εις γυναικα.

14 Και αυτη, οτε απηρχετο, παρεκινησεν αυτον να ζητηση παρα του πατρος αυτης τον αγρον· και κατεβη απο του ονου· και ειπε προς αυτην ο Χαλεβ, τι θελεις;

15 Η δε ειπε προς αυτον, Δος μοι ευλογιαν· επειδη εδωκας εις εμε γην μεσημβρινην, δος μοι και πηγας υδατων. Και εδωκεν εις αυτην ο Χαλεβ τας ανω πηγας και τας κατω πηγας.

16 Και ανεβησαν οι υιοι του Κεναιου, πενθερου του Μωυσεως, εκ της πολεως των φοινικων μετα των υιων Ιουδα εις την ερημον του Ιουδα, την προς μεσημβριαν της Αραδ· και υπηγον και κατωκησαν μετα του λαου.

17 Και υπηγεν ο Ιουδας μετα του Συμεων αδελφου αυτου, και επαταξαν τους Χαναναιους τους κατοικουντας την Σεφαθ, και κατεστρεψαν αυτην· και ωνομασαν την πολιν Ορμα.

18 Ο Ιουδας εκυριευσε και την Γαζαν και τα ορια αυτης, και την Ασκαλωνα και τα ορια αυτης, και την Ακκαρων και τα ορια αυτης.

19 Και ητο Κυριος μετα του Ιουδα· και εκυριευσε το ορος· αλλα δεν ηδυνηθη να εκδιωξη τους κατοικους της κοιλαδος, διοτι ειχον αμαξας σιδηρας.

20 Και εδοθη η Χεβρων εις τον Χαλεβ, καθως ειπεν ο Μωυσης· και εξεδιωξεν εκειθεν τους τρεις υιους του Ανακ.

21 Τον δε Ιεβουσαιον, τον κατοικουντα εν Ιερουσαλημ, δεν εξεδιωξαν οι υιοι Βενιαμιν· δια τουτο ο Ιεβουσαιος κατωκησε μετα των υιων Βενιαμιν εν Ιερουσαλημ εως της ημερας ταυτης.

22 Και ο οικος Ιωσηφ ανεβησαν και αυτοι επι Βαιθηλ· και ο Κυριος ητο μετ' αυτων.

23 Και απεστειλεν ο οικος Ιωσηφ να κατασκοπευσωσι την Βαιθηλ· το δε ονομα της πολεως ητο προτερον Λουζ.

24 Και ειδον οι κατασκοποι ανθρωπον εξερχομενον εκ της πολεως, και ειπον προς αυτον, Δειξον εις ημας, παρακαλουμεν, την εισοδον της πολεως, και θελομεν καμει ελεος εις σε.

25 Και εδειξεν εις αυτους την εισοδον της πολεως, και επαταξαν την πολιν εν στοματι μαχαιρας· τον δε ανθρωπον και πασαν την συγγενειαν αυτου απεπεμψαν.

26 Και υπηγεν ο ανθρωπος εις την γην των Χετταιων και ωκοδομησε πολιν, και ωνομασεν αυτην Λουζ· τουτο ειναι το ονομα αυτης εως ημερας ταυτης.

27 Ουδε ο Μανασσης εξεδιωξε τους κατοικους της Βαιθ-σαν και των κωμων αυτης, ουτε της Θααναχ και των κωμων αυτης, ουτε τους κατοικους της Δωρ και των κωμων αυτης, ουτε τους κατοικους της Ιβλεαμ και των κωμων αυτης, ουτε τους κατοικους της Μεγιδδω και των κωμων αυτης· αλλ' οι Χαναναιοι επεμενον να κατοικωσιν εν τω τοπω εκεινω.

28 Και οτε κατεσταθη ο Ισραηλ δυνατος, υπεβαλε τους Χαναναιους εις φορον και δεν εξεδιωξεν αυτους ολοκληρως.

29 Ουδε ο Εφραιμ εξεδιωξε τους Χαναναιους τους κατοικουντας εν Γεζερ· αλλ' οι Χαναναιοι κατωκουν εν Γεζερ μεταξυ αυτων.

30 Ουδε ο Ζαβουλων εξεδιωξε τους κατοικουντας την Κιτρων ουδε τους κατοικουντας την Νααλωλ· αλλ' οι Χαναναιοι κατωκουν μεταξυ αυτων και εγειναν υποτελεις.

31 Ουδε ο Ασηρ εξεδιωξε τους κατοικους της Ακχω, ουτε τους κατοικους της Σιδωνος, ουτε της Ααλαβ, ουτε της Αχζιβ, ουτε της Χελβα, ουτε της Αφικ, ουτε της Ρεωβ·

32 αλλ' ο Ασηρ κατωκει μεταξυ των Χαναναιων των κατοικων του τοπου· διοτι δεν εξεδιωξεν αυτους.

33 Ουδε ο Νεφθαλι εξεδιωξε τους κατοικους της Βαιθ-σεμες, ουτε τους κατοικους της Βαιθ-αναθ, αλλα κατωκει μεταξυ των Χαναναιων των κατοικων του τοπου· οι δε κατοικοι της Βαιθ-σεμες και της Βαιθ-αναθ εγειναν υποτελεις εις αυτον.

34 Και συνεκλεισαν οι Αμορραιοι τους υιους Δαν εις το ορος· διοτι δεν αφινον αυτους να καταβαινωσιν εις την κοιλαδα·

35 οι δε Αμορραιοι επεμενον να κατοικωσιν εν τω ορει Ερες, εις Αιαλων και εις Σααλβιμ· η χειρ ομως του οικου Ιωσηφ υπερισχυσεν, ωστε εγειναν υποτελεις.

36 Το δε οριον την Αμορραιων ητο απο της αναβασεως της Ακραββιμ, απο της Πετρας και επανω.

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Exploring the Meaning of Judges 1

Napsal(a) New Christian Bible Study Staff, Julian Duckworth

Judges 1: The continuing conquest of Canaan.

The book of Judges follows on almost seamlessly from Joshua. It is called ‘Judges’ because a number of regional leaders arose and made judgments for the people, often actively defending Israel from outside oppression. A pattern emerges in Judges: Israel disobeys the Lord – an enemy oppresses Israel – the Lord raises a leader – the leader is victorious against the enemy – there is peace for a time – Israel disobeys the Lord again.

There were twelve judges in all, about whom we either hear very much or next to nothing. The number twelve (as with the twelve tribes of Israel, the twelve disciples, and other examples in the Word), stands for all the various aspects of spirituality that we need to understand, develop, and put to use. A clue is often found in the meaning of their names, because biblical names are nearly always linked to spiritual qualities, such as ‘courage’, or ‘one who walks with God’ (see Swedenborg’s work, Arcana Caelestia 10216).

The theme of this first chapter is the further conquest of the land. The Israelites asked the Lord, “Who shall go up and fight for us?” And the Lord said that the tribe of Judah would go, because the Lord had delivered the land into their hand. Judah then called on the tribe of Simeon to join them, and they won many battles against the Canaanites still in the land.

One Canaanite king, Adoni-bezek, fled and was captured by the Israelites, who then cut off his thumbs and big toes. Adoni-bezek said that God had dealt justice by punishing him, as he had previously cut off seventy kings’ thumbs and big toes, and they had to gather scraps of food under his table.

Then Caleb, a leader of Israel during the journey through the wilderness, said that the man who took Kirjath-sepher (Caleb’s inheritance city) from the Canaanites would marry his daughter, Achsah. Caleb’s nephew, Othniel, took the city and Achsah was given to him. Achsah asked her father for the blessing of springs of water, and Caleb gave her the upper and lower springs.

Next, spies were sent to Bethel. They met a man there, and said that if he directed them the entrance to the city, they would show him mercy. He helped them, and they took the city but showed mercy on the man and all his family. After all of this, the man built a new city called Luz in the land of the Hittites.

The chapter ends by listing the twelve tribes, as well as the Canaanite peoples who remained unsubdued in each of their territories.

*****

The overarching spiritual theme of Judges is the process of our regeneration. As the opening of Judges reminds us, there were still parts of the land and various tribes that Israel needed to conquer. In fact, the Israelites never finished driving enemies out of their land. In the same way, we need to control our inherited human nature, but it is never completely wiped out (see Swedenborg’s work, Divine Love and Wisdom 238).

During regeneration, we will discover deeper and subtler self-centered states in ourselves, which need to be mitigated. Each judge raised by the Lord stands for our determination to deal with these states, using the Word as a guide. This brings us a period of peace, followed by the start of another personal discovery.

When the Israelites chose which tribes would fight for them, it was no coincidence that they selected Judah and Simeon. Judah (who was a prominent tribe of Israel) and Simeon (who usually acts with another tribe) stand for the highest things in our spiritual life: our love for the Lord, and our obedience to the Lord’s Word. Choosing Judah and Simeon as our strength will always bring victory in our regeneration (see Arcana Caelestia 3654 and Apocalypse Explained 443).

The spiritual meaning in the story of Adoni-bezek is about taking away the power of our self-love, as cutting off thumbs and big toes makes hands and feet virtually useless. When we work on our lower nature, we are to minimize its control over us. It is the same with any influences from hell; their power must end. Adoni-bezek’s comment about doing the same to seventy kings vividly describes how self-love can only lead to our downfall (Arcana Caelestia 10062[4]).

The delightful story of Caleb, Achsah and Othniel illustrates that after battle, there is rest and reward. In the same way, we strengthen the ‘marriage’ of good and truth in us after overcoming spiritual struggles (see Swedenborg’s work, Divine Love and Wisdom 409). The springs of water given to Achsah stand for the truths which flow into our mind, both about the ‘upper’ things of the Lord and heaven, and those ‘lower’ ones about spiritual life and responsibility.

The episode about the man from Bethel means that when we open up our life to the Lord to allow Him to guide us, we become blessed (Arcana Caelestia 3928). Then our life can be re-built in very practical and good ways, represented by the Hittites.

The final mention of the Canaanites still in the land points to the continuing presence of our unregenerate qualities. Although we may progress through the work of regeneration, we are still human, and we will always have flaws left to improve on.

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Judges 1

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1 Now after the death of Joshua it came to pass, that the children of Israel asked the LORD, saying, Who shall go up for us against the Canaanites first, to fight against them?

2 And the LORD said, Judah shall go up: behold, I have delivered the land into his hand.

3 And Judah said unto Simeon his brother, Come up with me into my lot, that we may fight against the Canaanites; and I likewise will go with thee into thy lot. So Simeon went with him.

4 And Judah went up; and the LORD delivered the Canaanites and the Perizzites into their hand: and they slew of them in Bezek ten thousand men.

5 And they found Adoni-bezek in Bezek: and they fought against him, and they slew the Canaanites and the Perizzites.

6 But Adoni-bezek fled; and they pursued after him, and caught him, and cut off his thumbs and his great toes.

7 And Adoni-bezek said, Threescore and ten kings, having their thumbs and their great toes cut off, gathered their meat under my table: as I have done, so God hath requited me. And they brought him to Jerusalem, and there he died.

8 Now the children of Judah had fought against Jerusalem, and had taken it, and smitten it with the edge of the sword, and set the city on fire.

9 And afterward the children of Judah went down to fight against the Canaanites, that dwelt in the mountain, and in the south, and in the valley.

10 And Judah went against the Canaanites that dwelt in Hebron: (now the name of Hebron before was Kirjath-arba:) and they slew Sheshai, and Ahiman, and Talmai.

11 And from thence he went against the inhabitants of Debir: and the name of Debir before was Kirjath-sepher:

12 And Caleb said, He that smiteth Kirjath-sepher, and taketh it, to him will I give Achsah my daughter to wife.

13 And Othniel the son of Kenaz, Caleb's younger brother, took it: and he gave him Achsah his daughter to wife.

14 And it came to pass, when she came to him, that she moved him to ask of her father a field: and she lighted from off her ass; and Caleb said unto her, What wilt thou?

15 And she said unto him, Give me a blessing: for thou hast given me a south land; Give me also springs of water. And Caleb gave her the upper springs and the nether springs.

16 And the children of the Kenite, Moses' father in law, went up out of the city of palm trees with the children of Judah into the wilderness of Judah, which lieth in the south of Arad; and they went and dwelt among the people.

17 And Judah went with Simeon his brother, and they slew the Canaanites that inhabited Zephath, and utterly destroyed it. And the name of the city was called Hormah.

18 Also Judah took Gaza with the coast thereof, and Askelon with the coast thereof, and Ekron with the coast thereof.

19 And the LORD was with Judah; and he drave out the inhabitants of the mountain; but could not drive out the inhabitants of the valley, because they had chariots of iron.

20 And they gave Hebron unto Caleb, as Moses said: and he expelled thence the three sons of Anak.

21 And the children of Benjamin did not drive out the Jebusites that inhabited Jerusalem; but the Jebusites dwell with the children of Benjamin in Jerusalem unto this day.

22 And the house of Joseph, they also went up against Bethel: and the LORD was with them.

23 And the house of Joseph sent to descry Bethel. (Now the name of the city before was Luz.)

24 And the spies saw a man come forth out of the city, and they said unto him, Shew us, we pray thee, the entrance into the city, and we will Shew thee mercy.

25 And when he shewed them the entrance into the city, they smote the city with the edge of the sword; but they let go the man and all his family.

26 And the man went into the land of the Hittites, and built a city, and called the name thereof Luz: which is the name thereof unto this day.

27 Neither did Manasseh drive out the inhabitants of Beth-shean and her towns, nor Taanach and her towns, nor the inhabitants of Dor and her towns, nor the inhabitants of Ibleam and her towns, nor the inhabitants of Megiddo and her towns: but the Canaanites would dwell in that land.

28 And it came to pass, when Israel was strong, that they put the Canaanites to tribute, and did not utterly drive them out.

29 Neither did Ephraim drive out the Canaanites that dwelt in Gezer; but the Canaanites dwelt in Gezer among them.

30 Neither did Zebulun drive out the inhabitants of Kitron, nor the inhabitants of Nahalol; but the Canaanites dwelt among them, and became tributaries.

31 Neither did Asher drive out the inhabitants of Accho, nor the inhabitants of Zidon, nor of Ahlab, nor of Achzib, nor of Helbah, nor of Aphik, nor of Rehob:

32 But the Asherites dwelt among the Canaanites, the inhabitants of the land: for they did not drive them out.

33 Neither did Naphtali drive out the inhabitants of Beth-shemesh, nor the inhabitants of Beth-anath; but he dwelt among the Canaanites, the inhabitants of the land: nevertheless the inhabitants of Beth-shemesh and of Beth-anath became tributaries unto them.

34 And the Amorites forced the children of Dan into the mountain: for they would not suffer them to come down to the valley:

35 But the Amorites would dwell in mount Heres in Aijalon, and in Shaalbim: yet the hand of the house of Joseph prevailed, so that they became tributaries.

36 And the coast of the Amorites was from the going up to Akrabbim, from the rock, and upward.

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