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3 Mose 4

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1 Und der HERR redete mit Mose und sprach:

2 Rede mit den Kindern Israel und sprich: Wenn eine Seele sündigen würde aus Versehen an irgend einem Gebot des HERRN und täte, was sie nicht tun sollte:

3 nämlich so der Priester, der gesalbt ist, sündigen würde, daß er eine Schuld auf das Volk brächte, der soll für seine Sünde, die er getan hat, einen jungen Farren bringen, der ohne Fehl sei, dem HERRN zum Sündopfer.

4 Und soll den Farren vor die Tür der Hütte des Stifts bringen vor den HERRN und seine Hand auf desselben Haupt legen und ihn schlachten vor dem HERRN.

5 Und der Priester, der gesalbt ist, soll von des Farren Blut nehmen und es in die Hütte des Stifts bringen

6 und soll seinen Finger in das Blut tauchen und damit siebenmal sprengen vor dem HERRN, vor dem Vorhang im Heiligen.

7 Und soll von dem Blut tun auf die Hörner des Räucheraltars, der vor dem HERRN in der Hütte des Stifts steht, und alles übrige Blut gießen an den Boden des Brandopferaltars, der vor der Tür der Hütte des Stifts steht.

8 Und alles Fett des Sündopfers soll er abheben, nämlich das Fett, welches das Eingeweide bedeckt, und alles Fett am Eingeweide,

9 die zwei Nieren mit dem Fett, das daran ist, an den Lenden, und das Netz über der Leber, an den Nieren abgerissen,

10 gleichwie er's abhebt vom Ochsen im Dankopfer; und soll es anzünden auf dem Brandopferaltar.

11 Aber das Fell des Farren mit allem Fleisch samt Kopf und Schenkeln und das Eingeweide und den Mist,

12 das soll er alles hinausführen aus dem Lager an eine reine Stätte, da man die Asche hin schüttet, und soll's verbrennen auf dem Holz mit Feuer.

13 Wenn die ganze Gemeinde Israel etwas versehen würde und die Tat vor ihren Augen verborgen wäre, daß sie wider irgend ein Gebot des HERRN getan hätten, was sie nicht tun sollten, und also sich verschuldeten,

14 und darnach ihrer Sünde innewürden, die sie getan hätten, sollen sie einen jungen Farren darbringen zum Sündopfer und vor die Tür der Hütte des Stifts stellen.

15 Und die Ältesten von der Gemeinde sollen ihre Hände auf sein Haupt legen vor dem HERRN und den Farren schlachten vor dem HERRN.

16 Und der Priester, der gesalbt ist, soll Blut vom Farren in die Hütte des Stifts bringen

17 und mit seinem Finger siebenmal sprengen vor dem HERRN vor dem Vorhang.

18 Und soll von dem Blut auf die Hörner des Altars tun, der vor dem HERRN steht in der Hütte des Stifts, und alles andere Blut an den Boden des Brandopferaltars gießen, der vor der Tür der Hütte des Stifts steht.

19 Alles sein Fett aber soll er abheben und auf dem Altar anzünden.

20 Und soll mit dem Farren tun, wie er mit dem Farren des Sündopfers getan hat. Und soll also der Priester sie versöhnen, so wird's ihnen vergeben.

21 Und soll den Farren hinaus vor das Lager tragen und verbrennen, wie er den vorigen Farren verbrannt hat. Das soll das Sündopfer der Gemeinde sein.

22 Wenn aber ein Fürst sündigt und irgend etwas wider des HERRN, seines Gottes, Gebote tut, was er nicht tun sollte, und versieht etwas, daß er verschuldet,

23 und er wird seiner Sünde inne, die er getan hat, der soll zum Opfer bringen einen Ziegenbock ohne Fehl,

24 und seine Hand auf des Bockes Haupt legen und ihn schlachten an der Stätte, da man die Brandopfer schlachtet vor dem HERRN. Das sei sein Sündopfer.

25 Da soll denn der Priester von dem Blut des Sündopfers nehmen mit seinem Finger und es auf die Hörner des Brandopferaltars tun und das andere Blut an den Boden des Brandopferaltars gießen.

26 Aber alles sein Fett soll er auf dem Altar anzünden gleich wie das Fett des Dankopfers. Und soll also der Priester seine Sünde versöhnen, so wird's ihm vergeben.

27 Wenn aber eine Seele vom gemeinen Volk etwas versieht und sündigt, daß sie wider irgend eines der Gebote des HERRN tut, was sie nicht tun sollte, und sich also verschuldet,

28 und ihrer Sünde innewird, die sie getan hat, die soll zum Opfer eine Ziege bringen ohne Fehl für die Sünde, die sie getan hat,

29 und soll ihre Hand auf des Sündopfers Haupt legen und es schlachten an der Stätte des Brandopfers.

30 Und der Priester soll von dem Blut mit seinem Finger nehmen und auf die Hörner des Altars des Brandopfers tun und alles andere Blut an des Altars Boden gießen.

31 All sein Fett aber soll er abreißen, wie er das Fett des Dankopfers abgerissen hat, und soll's anzünden auf dem Altar zum süßen Geruch dem HERRN. Und soll also der Priester sie versöhnen, so wird's ihr vergeben.

32 Wird er aber ein Schaf zum Sündopfer bringen, so bringe er ein weibliches, das ohne Fehl ist,

33 und lege seine Hand auf des Sündopfers Haupt und schlachte es zum Sündopfer an der Stätte, da man die Brandopfer schlachtet.

34 Und der Priester soll von dem Blut mit seinem Finger nehmen und auf die Hörner des Brandopferaltars tun und alles andere Blut an den Boden des Altars gießen.

35 Aber all sein Fett soll er abreißen, wie er das Fett vom Schaf des Dankopfers abgerissen hat, und soll's auf dem Altar anzünden zum Feuer dem HERRN. Und soll also der Priester versöhnen seine Sünde, die er getan hat, so wird's ihm vergeben.

   

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Apocalypse Explained # 279

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279. And the second animal like a calf, signifies the appearance in ultimates of Divine good in respect to protection. This is evident from the signification of a "calf," or "bullock," as being the good of the natural man, and specifically his good of innocence and charity; and because it is the good of the natural man it also is the good of the lowest heaven, for this heaven is spiritual natural (See in the work on Heaven and Hell 29-31); and as this good is there, there is a guard or protection that the higher heavens be not approached except through the good of love and charity; this is why one cherub was like a calf. That this appearance was in ultimates, see just above n. 278. A "calf" or "bullock" signifies the good of the natural man, because animals from the herd signified the affections of good and truth in the external or natural man; and those from the flock signified the affections of good and truth in the internal or spiritual man. Those from the flock were lambs, she-goats, sheep, rams, and he-goats; those from the herd were oxen, bullocks, and calves.

[2] That "bullocks" and "calves" signify the good of the natural man is evident from the passages of the Word where they are mentioned. First from the description of the feet of the cherubim in Ezekiel:

Their foot was straight and the sole of their feet like the sole of a calf's foot, and they sparkled like the appearance of burnished brass (Ezekiel 1:7).

Their foot thus appeared "straight" because the cherubim represented the Divine guard of the Lord, and the feet and the soles of the feet represented the same in ultimates or in the spiritual natural heaven and the natural world; for "feet" in general signify the natural; a "straight foot" the natural in respect to good; "the sole of the foot" the ultimate of the natural; "burnished brass" also signifies good in the natural. From this it is clear that good in the natural is signified by a "calf," and that in this is the ultimate good that guards and protects lest the heavens be approached except through the good of love and charity. (That "feet" signify the natural, see Arcana Coelestia 2162, 3147, 3761, 3986, 4280, 4938-4952, 5327, 5328; that that which is to the right signifies good from which is truth, n. 9604, 9736, 10061; therefore a "straight foot" signifies the natural in respect to good. That "palms," "soles," and "hoofs," signify the ultimates in the natural, see n. 4938, 7729; and that "burnished brass" signifies natural good, see above, n. 70)

[3] In Hosea:

Return ye to Jehovah; say unto Him, Take away all iniquity, and accept good, and we will pay back the bullocks of our lips (Hosea 14:2).

What it is to "pay back the bullocks of the lips" no one can know unless he knows what "bullocks" and what "lips" signify; they mean evidently confession and thanksgiving from a good heart; but it is thus expressed because "bullocks" signify external good, and "lips" doctrine; therefore "paying back the bullocks of the lips" signifies to confess and give thanks from the goods of doctrine. (That "lips" signify doctrine, see Arcana Coelestia, n. 1286, 1288.)

[4] In Amos:

Ye cause the habitation of violence to draw near; they lie upon beds of ivory, and eat the lambs out of the flock, and the calves out of the midst of the stall (Amos 6:3, 4).

Here those who have an abundance of the knowledges of good and truth and yet lead an evil life are treated of; "to eat the lambs out of the flock" signifies to imbibe the knowledges of internal good or of the spiritual man; and "to eat the calves out of the midst of the stall" signifies to imbibe the knowledges of external good or of the natural man; and "to cause the habitation of violence to draw near" is to live a life contrary to charity.

[5] In Malachi:

Unto you that fear My name shall the Sun of righteousness arise and healing in His wings; that ye may go forth, and grow up as fatted calves (Malachi 4:2).

The "Sun of righteousness that shall arise to them that fear the name of Jehovah" signifies the good of love; and "healing in His wings" signifies the truth of faith; therefore "to go forth, and grow up as fatted calves," signifies the increase of all good, "fatted" and "fat" also signifying good.

[6] In Luke:

The father said of the prodigal son who returned penitent in heart, Bring forth the first robe and put it on him, and put a ring on his hand, and shoes on his feet; and bring hither the fatted calf and kill it, that we may eat and be glad (Luke 15:22, 23).

He who is acquainted only with the sense of the letter believes that no deeper meaning is contained in this than appears in that sense, when yet every particular involves heavenly things; as that they should "put on him the first robe," that they should "put a ring on his hand, and shoes on his feet," that they should "bring forth the fatted calf, that they might eat and be merry." By "the prodigal son" those who are prodigal of spiritual riches, which are the knowledges of truth and good, are meant; "his returning to his father, and his confession that he was not worthy to be called his son," signifies penitence of heart and humiliation; "the first robe with which he was clothed," signifies general and primary truths; "the ring on the hand" signifies the conjunction of truth and good in the internal or spiritual man; "the shoes on the feet" signify the same in the external or natural man, and both signify regeneration; "the fatted calf" signifies the good of love and charity; and "to eat and be glad" signifies consociation and heavenly joy.

[7] In Jeremiah:

I will give the men that have transgressed My covenant, who have not established the words of the covenant which they made before Me, that of the calf, which they cut in twain that they might pass between the parts thereof, the princes of Judah, and the princes of Jerusalem, the royal ministers and the priests, and all the people of the land, which passed between the parts of the calf, I will even give them into the hands of their enemies, that their carcass may be for food to the bird of the heavens (Jeremiah 34:18-20).

What is meant by "the covenant of the calf," and by "passing between its parts," no one can know without knowing what a "covenant" signifies, and a "calf," and its being "cut in twain;" then what is meant by "the princes of Judah and Jerusalem," by "the royal ministers," "the priests," and "the people of the land." Some heavenly arcanum is evidently meant; and it can be understood when it is known that a "covenant" means conjunction; a "calf" good, a "calf cut in twain" good proceeding from the Lord on the one hand, and good received by man on the other, whence is conjunction; and that "the princes of Judah and of Jerusalem, the royal ministers, the priests, and the people of the land," mean the goods and truths of the church; and that "to pass between the parts" means to conjoin. When these things are known, the internal sense of these words can be seen, namely, that there was no conjunction by the goods and truths of the church with that nation, but disjunction.

[8] Like things are involved in the "covenant of the calf" with Abram, of which in Genesis:

Jehovah said to Abram, Take to thee an heifer of three years old, and a she-goat of three years old, and a ram of three years old, and a turtle dove, and a young pigeon. And he took him all these, and divided them in the midst, and laid each part over against the other; but the birds divided he not. And the birds of prey came down upon the carcasses; and Abram drove them away. And the sun was at its going down, and a deep sleep fell upon Abram; and lo, a terror of great darkness fell upon him. And in that day Jehovah made a covenant with Abram (Genesis 15:9-12, 18).

The "terror of great darkness" that fell upon Abram signified the state of the Jewish nation, which was in the greatest darkness in respect to the truths and goods of the church. This state of that nation is what is described in the prophet by "the covenant of the calf which they cut into two parts, between which they passed." Since a "calf" signifies the good of the natural man and its truth, which is knowledge [scientificum]; and since the natural man and its knowledge [scientificum] is signified by "Egypt," therefore in the Word Egypt is called a "she-calf," and a "he-calf;" moreover, when they applied the knowledges [scientifica] of the church to magical and idolatrous purposes they turned the calf into an idol; this was why the sons of Israel made to themselves a he-calf in the wilderness, and worshiped it, and also why they had a calf in Samaria.

[9] That Egypt was called a he-calf and a she-calf can be seen in Jeremiah:

A very fair she-calf is Egypt; destruction cometh out of the north, her hirelings in the midst of her are like he-calves of the stall (Jeremiah 46:20-21).

Respecting the calf that the sons of Israel made to themselves in the wilderness, see Exodus 32; and respecting the "calf of Samaria" (1 Kings 12:28-32), about which is the following in Hosea:

They have made a king, but not by Me; they have made princes, and I knew it not; of their silver and their gold have they made them idols, that they may be cut off. Thy calf, O Samaria, hath forsaken thee. For it was from Israel; the workman made it, and it is not God; the calf of Samaria shall be broken in pieces (Hosea 8:4-6).

This treats of the corrupt explanation of the Word, when the sense of its letter is turned to favor self-love, and the principles of religion derived therefrom. "They have made a king, but not by Me, and they have made princes, and I knew it not," signifies doctrines from self-intelligence, which in themselves are falsities, but which they make to appear as truths; for "king" signifies truth, and in a contrary sense, falsity; "princes" signify primary truths, or falsities, which are called principles of religion. "To make idols of their silver and their gold" signifies to pervert the truths and goods of the church, and still to worship them as holy, although as they are from self-intelligence they are destitute of life; "silver" is the truth, and "gold" the good, which are from the Lord; "idols" signify worship from doctrine that is from self-intelligence; "the workman made it, and it is not God," signifies that is from the selfhood [ex proprio], and not from the Divine; "to be broken in pieces" signifies to be dispersed; which makes clear what is signified by the "calf of Samaria." Because "calves" signified the good of the natural man, calves were also sacrificed (See Exodus 29:11, 12 seq.; Leviticus 4:3, 13; 8:15 seq.; 9:2; 16:3; 23:18; Numbers 8:8 seq.; 15:24; 28:19, 20; Judges 6:25-29; 1 Samuel 1:25; 16:2; 1 Kings 18:23-26, 33); for all the animals that were sacrificed signified the goods of the church of various kinds.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Foundation for their permission to use this translation.

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