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Richter 20

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1 Da zogen die Kinder Israel aus und versammelten sich zuhauf wie ein Mann, von Dan bis gen Beer-Seba und vom Lande Gilead zu dem HERRN gen Mizpa;

2 und traten zuhauf die Obersten des ganzen Volks aller Stämme Israels in der Gemeinde Gottes, vierhundertausend Mann zu Fuß, die das Schwert auszogen.

3 Aber die Kinder Benjamin hörten, daß die Kinder Israel hinauf gen Mizpa gezogen waren. Und die Kinder Israel sprachen: Sagt, wie ist das Übel zugegangen?

4 Da antwortete der Levit, des Weibes Mann, die erwürgt war, und sprach: Ich kam gen Gibea in Benjamin mit meinem Kebsweibe, über Nacht dazubleiben.

5 Da machten sich wider mich auf die Bürger zu Gibea und umgaben mich im Hause des Nachts und gedachten, mich zu erwürgen; und haben mein Kebsweib geschändet, daß sie gestorben ist.

6 Da faßte ich mein Kebsweib und zerstückte es und sandte es in alle Felder des Erbes Israels; denn sie haben einen Mutwillen und eine Torheit getan in Israel.

7 Siehe, da seid ihr Kinder Israel alle; schafft euch Rat und tut hierzu!

8 Da machte sich alles Volk auf wie ein Mann und sprach: Es soll niemand in seine Hütte gehen noch in sein Haus kehren;

9 sondern das wollen wir jetzt tun wider Gibea:

10 laßt uns losen und nehmen zehn Mann von hundert, und hundert von tausend, und tausend von zehntausend aus allen Stämmen Israels, daß sie Speise nehmen für das Volk, daß es komme und tue mit Gibea-Benjamin nach all seiner Torheit, die es in Israel getan hat.

11 Also versammelten sich zu der Stadt alle Männer Israels, wie ein Mann verbunden.

12 Und die Stämme Israels sandten Männer zu allen Geschlechtern Benjamins und ließen ihnen sagen: Was ist das für eine Bosheit, die bei euch geschehen ist?

13 So gebt nun her die Männer, die bösen Buben zu Gibea, daß wir sie töten und das Übel aus Israel tun! Aber die Kinder Benjamin wollten nicht gehorchen der Stimme ihrer Brüder, der Kinder Israel;

14 sondern versammelten sich aus den Städten gen Gibea, auszuziehen in den Streit wider die Kinder Israel.

15 Und wurden des Tages gezählt der Kinder Benjamin aus den Städten sechsundzwanzigtausend Mann, die das Schwert auszogen, ohne die Bürger zu Gibea, deren wurden siebenhundert gezählt, auserlesene Männer.

16 Und unter allem diesem Volk waren siebenhundert Mann auserlesen, die links waren und konnten mit der Schleuder ein Haar treffen, daß sie nicht fehlten.

17 Aber derer von Israel (ohne die von Benjamin) wurden gezählt vierhunderttausend Mann, die das Schwert führten, und alle streitbare Männer.

18 Die machten sich auf und zogen hinauf gen Beth-el und fragten Gott und sprachen: Wer soll vor uns hinaufziehen, den Streit anzufangen mit den Kindern Benjamin? Der HERR sprach: Juda soll anfangen.

19 Also machten sich die Kinder Israel des Morgens auf und lagerten sich vor Gibea.

20 Und ein jeder Mann von Israel ging heraus, zu streiten mit Benjamin, und schickten sich, zu streiten wider Gibea.

21 Da fielen die Kinder Benjamin heraus aus Gibea und schlugen des Tages unter Israel zweiundzwanzigtausend zu Boden.

22 Aber das Volk der Männer von Israel ermannte sich und stellte sich auf, noch weiter zu streiten am selben Ort, da sie sich des vorigen Tages gestellt hatten.

23 Und die Kinder Israel zogen hinauf und weinten vor dem HERRN bis an den Abend und fragten den HERRN und sprachen: Sollen wir wieder nahen, zu streiten mit den Kindern Benjamin, unsern Brüdern? Der HERR sprach: Zieht hinauf zu ihnen!

24 Und da die Kinder Israel sich machten an die Kinder Benjamin des andern Tages,

25 fielen die Benjaminiter heraus aus Gibea ihnen entgegen desselben Tages und schlugen von den Kindern Israel noch achtzehntausend zu Boden, die alle das Schwert führten.

26 Da zogen alle Kinder Israel hinauf und alles Volk und kamen gen Beth-El und weinten und blieben daselbst vor dem HERRN und fasteten den Tag bis zum Abend und opferten Brandopfer und Dankopfer vor dem HERRN.

27 Und die Kinder Israel fragten den HERRN (es war aber daselbst die Lade des Bundes Gottes zu der Zeit,

28 und Pinehas, der Sohn Eleasars, Aarons Sohns, stand vor ihm zu der Zeit) und sprachen: Sollen wir weiter ausziehen, zu streiten mit den Kindern Benjamin, unsern Brüdern, oder sollen wir ablassen? Der HERR sprach: Zieht hinauf; morgen will ich sie in eure Hände geben.

29 Und die Kinder Israel stellten einen Hinterhalt auf Gibea umher.

30 Und zogen also die Kinder Israel hinauf des dritten Tages gegen die Kinder Benjamin und stellten sich wider Gibea wie zuvor zweimal.

31 Da fuhren die Kinder Benjamin heraus, dem Volk entgegen, und wurden losgerissen von der Stadt und fingen an zu schlagen und zu verwunden etliche vom Volk, wie zuvor zweimal, im Felde auf zwei Straßen, deren eine gen Beth-El, die andere gen Gibea geht, bei dreißig Mann in Israel.

32 Da gedachten die Kinder Benjamin: Sie sind geschlagen vor uns wie vorhin. Aber die Kinder Israel sprachen: Laßt uns fliehen, daß wir sie von der Stadt reißen auf die Straßen!

33 Da machten sich auf alle Männer von Israel von ihrem Ort und stellten sich zu Baal-Thamar. Und der Hinterhalt Israels brach hervor an seinem Ort, von der Höhle Geba,

34 und kamen gen Gibea zehntausend Mann, auserlesen aus ganz Israel, daß der Streit hart ward; sie aber wußten nicht, daß sie das Unglück treffen würde.

35 Also schlug der HERR den Benjamin vor den Kindern Israel, daß die Kinder Israel auf den Tag verderbten fünfundzwanzigtausend und hundert Mann in Benjamin, die alle das Schwert führten.

36 Denn da die Kinder Benjamin sahen, daß sie geschlagen waren, gaben ihnen die Männer Israels Raum; denn sie verließen sich auf den Hinterhalt, den sie bei Gibea aufgestellt hatten.

37 Und der Hinterhalt eilte auch und brach hervor auf Gibea zu und zog hinan und schlug die ganze Stadt mit der Schärfe des Schwerts.

38 Sie hatten aber abgeredet miteinander, die Männer von Israel und der Hinterhalt, mit dem Schwert über sie zu fallen, wenn der Rauch aus der Stadt sich erhöbe.

39 Da nun die Männer von Israel sich wandten im Streit und Benjamin anfing zu schlagen und verwundeten in Israel bei dreißig Mann und gedachten: Sie sind vor uns geschlagen wie im vorigen Streit,

40 da fing an sich zu erheben von der Stadt ein Rauch stracks über sich. Und Benjamin wandte sich hinter sich, und siehe, da ging die Stadt ganz auf gen Himmel.

41 Und die Männer von Israel wandten sich auch um. Da erschraken die Männer Benjamins; denn sie sahen, daß sie das Unglück treffen wollte.

42 Und wandten sich von den Männern Israels auf den Weg zur Wüste; aber der Streit folgte ihnen nach, und die von den Städten hineingekommen waren, die verderbten sie drinnen.

43 Und sie umringten Benjamin und jagten ihn bis gen Menuha und zertraten sie bis vor Gibea gegen der Sonne Aufgang.

44 Und es fielen von Benjamin achtzehntausend Mann, die alle streitbare Männer waren.

45 Da wandten sie sich und flohen zu der Wüste, an den Fels Rimmon; aber auf derselben Straße schlugen sie fünftausend Mann und folgten ihnen hintennach bis gen Gideom und schlugen ihrer zweitausend.

46 Und also fielen des Tages von Benjamin fünfundzwanzigtausend Mann, die das Schwert führten und alle streitbare Männer waren.

47 Nur sechshundert Mann wandten sich und flohen zur Wüste, zum Fels Rimmon, und blieben im Fels Rimmon, vier Monate.

48 Und die Männer Israels kamen wieder zu den Kindern Benjamin und schlugen mit der Schärfe des Schwerts die in der Stadt, Leute und Vieh und alles, was man fand; und alle Städte, die man fand, verbrannte man mit Feuer.

   

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Exploring the Meaning of Judges 20

Napsal(a) New Christian Bible Study Staff, Julian Duckworth

Israel’s war with the tribe of Benjamin

The events of the previous chapter carry over into the last two chapters of the book of Judges, this one and the final one. The overall content of this chapter is about the division between Israel and the tribe of Benjamin (where the town of Gibeah was situated) and the eventual long war in which thousands on both sides died.

All Israel gathered together at Mizpah, four hundred thousand foot soldiers with swords, from every tribe, except the tribe of Benjamin who heard about the gathering. The reason for coming together, prompted by the dismembered parts of the concubine, was to decide what to do. The Levite told the story of the events. The men of Israel heard and decided that they would all immediately go up against the tribe of Benjamin, for them to hand over the perverted men of Gibeah for justice to be done and for Israel to be redeemed. They agreed to take one man out of every ten to go and, if necessary, to fight.

The spiritual meaning in this opening and gathering of Israel at Mizpah is mostly about its incompleteness. The tribe of Benjamin was not present even though Mizpah was in Benjamin’s territory. Spiritual incompleteness in us is to leave something out of our love and faithfulness to the Lord which makes each one of us a whole being. The twelve tribes of Israel stand for all the qualities which come together to form our spiritual life and purpose. (True Christian Religion 38)

The men of Israel go up and ask the Lord who should go to fight first. The reply is that Judah go first. The men of Benjamin refuse to hand the men of Gibeah over and they form an army to fight Israel. In the fighting, the men of Benjamin cut down twenty-two thousand men of Israel. Israel goes and weeps to the Lord and asks if they should go up again against their brother Benjamin. The Lord says they are to go up again.

The spiritual meaning of the tribe of Benjamin is that it stands for the ‘medium’ or the vital connection between what is internal or celestial and what is external or natural. If this connection is absent there is no passage or mutual link between these two and they are separated. This removes the completeness of our spiritual life as a whole. (See Arcana Caelestia 5822.)

Israel goes up against Benjamin on the second day and eighteen thousand men of Israel are cut down by the army of Benjamin. Israel goes to the house of the Lord and weeps, and asks if they should yet go out to fight their brother Benjamin. The Lord says that they are to fight a third time, and the He will deliver them into their hand.

Israel weeps. Weeping or crying stands for mourning the loss of something which is no longer present. In a good sense ‘weeping’ can be for the sense of loss of what is loved and what is part of us, here represented by ‘to battle the children of my brother Benjamin’.

The Lord wept over Jerusalem (Luke 19:41-44). (Arcana Caelestia 4293.3)

Israel fights on three consecutive day, and on the third day they defeat the tribe of Benjamin. ‘On the third day’ (see verse 30) stands for the need for conflict and personal states in our spiritual temptations and battles to be worked through until they are brought to an end and we can be brought out of temptation, into a new state. (Arcana Caelestia 5159)

The men of Israel laid an ambush and then went as before to fight the men of Benjamin. They moved away from them and Benjamin followed them and killed some men of Israel. The men in ambush arose and went to Gibeah and by arrangement made a great column of smoke after killing the men of the city. (Arcana Caelestia 9144) The men of Benjamin saw this and panicked, and twenty three thousand of them were slain. Six hundred men escaped and hid, and Israel went all around and destroyed men of Benjamin wherever they were found.

The spiritual meaning of this final battle is in the extent of the numbers killed and the aftermath of the victory with further killing. To ‘kill’ (or destroy) when it is used in the Word is to work completely towards the full expulsion of states, thoughts and intentions in us which are in opposition to the way of the Word and its wholeness and healing. (Arcana Caelestia 9320) This is the meaning of the term ‘vastation’ in which things which are opposed to the Lord need to be worked through and brought to an end so that a new state can come.

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Arcana Coelestia # 8988

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8988. '[His] master shall bring him to God' means the state he then enters in keeping with Divine order. This is clear from the meaning of 'bringing to God', when the subject is those who are imbued with truths and cannot be imbued with good, as causing them to enter a state in keeping with Divine order; for 'bringing to' means entering, and 'God' means Divine order, which is dealt with below. The fact that these things are meant is evident from the details contained in the rest of this verse. These describe the state of those imbued with truths and not with complementary good, that is to say, a state of everlasting obedience. For those living in this condition are in servitude compared with those imbued with good complementing truths. For being governed by good the latter's actions spring from affection; and those who act from affection do so from the will, thus from themselves since whatever forms part of a person's will is part of his true self; for indeed the essence (esse) of a person's life is his will. But those whose actions spring from obedience act not from their own will, but from their master's, thus not from themselves, but from another; therefore in comparison they are in servitude. Actions that spring from truths and not from good spring solely from the understanding, for truths have connection with the understanding and forms of good with the will; and actions that spring from the understanding and not from the will spring from that which stands outside and serves. The understanding has been given to a person in order that he may receive truths and introduce them into his will to become forms of good; for when truths become part of the will they are called forms of good.

[2] The condition however of one who serves the Lord by doing according to His commandments, and by being obedient in that kind of way, is not that of a slave; rather, it is that of one who is free. For perfect freedom consists for a person in being led by the Lord, 892, 905, 2870, 2872. The Lord breathes the good into the person's will from which his actions spring; and although that good comes from the Lord, the person nevertheless has the feeling that his actions are from himself, that is, he does them in freedom. This freedom exists with all who abide in the Lord; and coupled with it there is indescribable happiness.

[3] The reason why 'God' here means Divine order is that in the Word the name 'God' is used where truth is referred to, and 'Jehovah' where good is referred to, 2769, 2807, 2822, 3921 (end), 4402, 7010, 7268, 8867. Therefore Divine Truth emanating from the Lord's Divine Good is meant in the highest sense by 'God', and His Divine Good from which Divine Truth emanates is meant by 'Jehovah'. The reason for this is that Divine Good is Essential Being (Esse), and Divine Truth is the Coming-into-Being (Existere) from it, since what emanates from something comes into being from it. The situation with good and truth in heaven or among angels is similar, and that in the Church among men is similar. Good there is the essential being, and truth is the coming-into-being from it. Or what amounts to the same thing love to the Lord and love towards the neighbour is the essential being of heaven and the Church, while faith is the coming-into-being from it. All this makes plain why it is that 'God' can also mean Divine order; for Divine Truth emanating from the Lord is what constitutes order in heaven, so completely that it is order itself. For more about Divine Truth's being order, see 1728, 1919, 7995, 8700.

Therefore when man or angel receives Divine Truth from the Lord within good, there resides with him that order which exists in the heavens. As a consequence he is a heaven or kingdom of the Lord in particular; he is such in the measure that he is imbued with good from truths, and after this in the measure that he is endowed with truths from good. And - what is an arcanum - angels themselves appear in heaven in a human form that accords exactly with the truths present with them within good, together with beauty and brilliance which accord with the character of the good from truths. The souls of members of the Church present a similar appearance in heaven. The Divine Truth itself emanating from the Lord brings this about, as may be recognized from what has been shown at the ends of a number of chapters regarding heaven as the Grand Man, and its correspondence with individual aspects of a human being.

[4] This arcanum is what the following words are used to mean in John, in the Book of Revelation,

He measured the wall of the holy Jerusalem, a hundred and forty-four cubits, which is the measure of a man (homo), that is, of an angel. Revelation 21:17.

Will anyone ever understand these words if he does not know what the holy Jerusalem, its wall, measure, the number 144, and so 'a man, that is, an angel' all mean? By the new or holy Jerusalem is meant the Lord's New Church, which is going to take the place of the Christian Church existing at the present time, 2117; by 'the wall' is meant the truths of faith which will defend that Church, 6419; by 'measuring' and 'the measure' is meant its state in respect of truth, 3104; by the number 144 is meant much the same as by 12, since 144 is the number that is the product of 12 multiplied by itself, and by these numbers all truths in their entirety are meant, see 7973. These meanings make plain what is meant by 'the measure of a man, that is, of an angel', namely actual truth emanating from the Lord in the form it assumes, which is that of a man-angel in heaven, as stated above. All this reveals the arcanum which the words quoted above embody; it reveals that they describe the truths of that Church which is going to take the place of the Christian Church existing at the present time.

[5] The fact that they are truths from good is described in the very next verse, in these words,

The construction of its wall was jasper, but the city was pure gold, like pure glass. Revelation 21:18.

'Jasper' means truth such as that Church's will be, for truths are meant by 'stones' generally, 1298, 3720, 6426, and truths that come from the Lord by 'precious stones', 643; and 'gold' means the good of love and wisdom, 113, 1551, 1552, 5658. Would anyone ever discern that such meanings are embodied in those words? Yet who can fail to see from them that countless arcana lie concealed in the Word, which are not at all made apparent to anyone except by means of the internal sense, and that this sense, like a key, is the means of opening up God's truths as they exist in heaven, and therefore heaven and the Lord Himself, who is the All in all of the Word in its inmost sense?

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.