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Richter 20

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1 Da zogen die Kinder Israel aus und versammelten sich zuhauf wie ein Mann, von Dan bis gen Beer-Seba und vom Lande Gilead zu dem HERRN gen Mizpa;

2 und traten zuhauf die Obersten des ganzen Volks aller Stämme Israels in der Gemeinde Gottes, vierhundertausend Mann zu Fuß, die das Schwert auszogen.

3 Aber die Kinder Benjamin hörten, daß die Kinder Israel hinauf gen Mizpa gezogen waren. Und die Kinder Israel sprachen: Sagt, wie ist das Übel zugegangen?

4 Da antwortete der Levit, des Weibes Mann, die erwürgt war, und sprach: Ich kam gen Gibea in Benjamin mit meinem Kebsweibe, über Nacht dazubleiben.

5 Da machten sich wider mich auf die Bürger zu Gibea und umgaben mich im Hause des Nachts und gedachten, mich zu erwürgen; und haben mein Kebsweib geschändet, daß sie gestorben ist.

6 Da faßte ich mein Kebsweib und zerstückte es und sandte es in alle Felder des Erbes Israels; denn sie haben einen Mutwillen und eine Torheit getan in Israel.

7 Siehe, da seid ihr Kinder Israel alle; schafft euch Rat und tut hierzu!

8 Da machte sich alles Volk auf wie ein Mann und sprach: Es soll niemand in seine Hütte gehen noch in sein Haus kehren;

9 sondern das wollen wir jetzt tun wider Gibea:

10 laßt uns losen und nehmen zehn Mann von hundert, und hundert von tausend, und tausend von zehntausend aus allen Stämmen Israels, daß sie Speise nehmen für das Volk, daß es komme und tue mit Gibea-Benjamin nach all seiner Torheit, die es in Israel getan hat.

11 Also versammelten sich zu der Stadt alle Männer Israels, wie ein Mann verbunden.

12 Und die Stämme Israels sandten Männer zu allen Geschlechtern Benjamins und ließen ihnen sagen: Was ist das für eine Bosheit, die bei euch geschehen ist?

13 So gebt nun her die Männer, die bösen Buben zu Gibea, daß wir sie töten und das Übel aus Israel tun! Aber die Kinder Benjamin wollten nicht gehorchen der Stimme ihrer Brüder, der Kinder Israel;

14 sondern versammelten sich aus den Städten gen Gibea, auszuziehen in den Streit wider die Kinder Israel.

15 Und wurden des Tages gezählt der Kinder Benjamin aus den Städten sechsundzwanzigtausend Mann, die das Schwert auszogen, ohne die Bürger zu Gibea, deren wurden siebenhundert gezählt, auserlesene Männer.

16 Und unter allem diesem Volk waren siebenhundert Mann auserlesen, die links waren und konnten mit der Schleuder ein Haar treffen, daß sie nicht fehlten.

17 Aber derer von Israel (ohne die von Benjamin) wurden gezählt vierhunderttausend Mann, die das Schwert führten, und alle streitbare Männer.

18 Die machten sich auf und zogen hinauf gen Beth-el und fragten Gott und sprachen: Wer soll vor uns hinaufziehen, den Streit anzufangen mit den Kindern Benjamin? Der HERR sprach: Juda soll anfangen.

19 Also machten sich die Kinder Israel des Morgens auf und lagerten sich vor Gibea.

20 Und ein jeder Mann von Israel ging heraus, zu streiten mit Benjamin, und schickten sich, zu streiten wider Gibea.

21 Da fielen die Kinder Benjamin heraus aus Gibea und schlugen des Tages unter Israel zweiundzwanzigtausend zu Boden.

22 Aber das Volk der Männer von Israel ermannte sich und stellte sich auf, noch weiter zu streiten am selben Ort, da sie sich des vorigen Tages gestellt hatten.

23 Und die Kinder Israel zogen hinauf und weinten vor dem HERRN bis an den Abend und fragten den HERRN und sprachen: Sollen wir wieder nahen, zu streiten mit den Kindern Benjamin, unsern Brüdern? Der HERR sprach: Zieht hinauf zu ihnen!

24 Und da die Kinder Israel sich machten an die Kinder Benjamin des andern Tages,

25 fielen die Benjaminiter heraus aus Gibea ihnen entgegen desselben Tages und schlugen von den Kindern Israel noch achtzehntausend zu Boden, die alle das Schwert führten.

26 Da zogen alle Kinder Israel hinauf und alles Volk und kamen gen Beth-El und weinten und blieben daselbst vor dem HERRN und fasteten den Tag bis zum Abend und opferten Brandopfer und Dankopfer vor dem HERRN.

27 Und die Kinder Israel fragten den HERRN (es war aber daselbst die Lade des Bundes Gottes zu der Zeit,

28 und Pinehas, der Sohn Eleasars, Aarons Sohns, stand vor ihm zu der Zeit) und sprachen: Sollen wir weiter ausziehen, zu streiten mit den Kindern Benjamin, unsern Brüdern, oder sollen wir ablassen? Der HERR sprach: Zieht hinauf; morgen will ich sie in eure Hände geben.

29 Und die Kinder Israel stellten einen Hinterhalt auf Gibea umher.

30 Und zogen also die Kinder Israel hinauf des dritten Tages gegen die Kinder Benjamin und stellten sich wider Gibea wie zuvor zweimal.

31 Da fuhren die Kinder Benjamin heraus, dem Volk entgegen, und wurden losgerissen von der Stadt und fingen an zu schlagen und zu verwunden etliche vom Volk, wie zuvor zweimal, im Felde auf zwei Straßen, deren eine gen Beth-El, die andere gen Gibea geht, bei dreißig Mann in Israel.

32 Da gedachten die Kinder Benjamin: Sie sind geschlagen vor uns wie vorhin. Aber die Kinder Israel sprachen: Laßt uns fliehen, daß wir sie von der Stadt reißen auf die Straßen!

33 Da machten sich auf alle Männer von Israel von ihrem Ort und stellten sich zu Baal-Thamar. Und der Hinterhalt Israels brach hervor an seinem Ort, von der Höhle Geba,

34 und kamen gen Gibea zehntausend Mann, auserlesen aus ganz Israel, daß der Streit hart ward; sie aber wußten nicht, daß sie das Unglück treffen würde.

35 Also schlug der HERR den Benjamin vor den Kindern Israel, daß die Kinder Israel auf den Tag verderbten fünfundzwanzigtausend und hundert Mann in Benjamin, die alle das Schwert führten.

36 Denn da die Kinder Benjamin sahen, daß sie geschlagen waren, gaben ihnen die Männer Israels Raum; denn sie verließen sich auf den Hinterhalt, den sie bei Gibea aufgestellt hatten.

37 Und der Hinterhalt eilte auch und brach hervor auf Gibea zu und zog hinan und schlug die ganze Stadt mit der Schärfe des Schwerts.

38 Sie hatten aber abgeredet miteinander, die Männer von Israel und der Hinterhalt, mit dem Schwert über sie zu fallen, wenn der Rauch aus der Stadt sich erhöbe.

39 Da nun die Männer von Israel sich wandten im Streit und Benjamin anfing zu schlagen und verwundeten in Israel bei dreißig Mann und gedachten: Sie sind vor uns geschlagen wie im vorigen Streit,

40 da fing an sich zu erheben von der Stadt ein Rauch stracks über sich. Und Benjamin wandte sich hinter sich, und siehe, da ging die Stadt ganz auf gen Himmel.

41 Und die Männer von Israel wandten sich auch um. Da erschraken die Männer Benjamins; denn sie sahen, daß sie das Unglück treffen wollte.

42 Und wandten sich von den Männern Israels auf den Weg zur Wüste; aber der Streit folgte ihnen nach, und die von den Städten hineingekommen waren, die verderbten sie drinnen.

43 Und sie umringten Benjamin und jagten ihn bis gen Menuha und zertraten sie bis vor Gibea gegen der Sonne Aufgang.

44 Und es fielen von Benjamin achtzehntausend Mann, die alle streitbare Männer waren.

45 Da wandten sie sich und flohen zu der Wüste, an den Fels Rimmon; aber auf derselben Straße schlugen sie fünftausend Mann und folgten ihnen hintennach bis gen Gideom und schlugen ihrer zweitausend.

46 Und also fielen des Tages von Benjamin fünfundzwanzigtausend Mann, die das Schwert führten und alle streitbare Männer waren.

47 Nur sechshundert Mann wandten sich und flohen zur Wüste, zum Fels Rimmon, und blieben im Fels Rimmon, vier Monate.

48 Und die Männer Israels kamen wieder zu den Kindern Benjamin und schlugen mit der Schärfe des Schwerts die in der Stadt, Leute und Vieh und alles, was man fand; und alle Städte, die man fand, verbrannte man mit Feuer.

   

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Exploring the Meaning of Judges 20

Napsal(a) New Christian Bible Study Staff, Julian Duckworth

Israel’s war with the tribe of Benjamin

The events of the previous chapter carry over into the last two chapters of the book of Judges, this one and the final one. The overall content of this chapter is about the division between Israel and the tribe of Benjamin (where the town of Gibeah was situated) and the eventual long war in which thousands on both sides died.

All Israel gathered together at Mizpah, four hundred thousand foot soldiers with swords, from every tribe, except the tribe of Benjamin who heard about the gathering. The reason for coming together, prompted by the dismembered parts of the concubine, was to decide what to do. The Levite told the story of the events. The men of Israel heard and decided that they would all immediately go up against the tribe of Benjamin, for them to hand over the perverted men of Gibeah for justice to be done and for Israel to be redeemed. They agreed to take one man out of every ten to go and, if necessary, to fight.

The spiritual meaning in this opening and gathering of Israel at Mizpah is mostly about its incompleteness. The tribe of Benjamin was not present even though Mizpah was in Benjamin’s territory. Spiritual incompleteness in us is to leave something out of our love and faithfulness to the Lord which makes each one of us a whole being. The twelve tribes of Israel stand for all the qualities which come together to form our spiritual life and purpose. (True Christian Religion 38)

The men of Israel go up and ask the Lord who should go to fight first. The reply is that Judah go first. The men of Benjamin refuse to hand the men of Gibeah over and they form an army to fight Israel. In the fighting, the men of Benjamin cut down twenty-two thousand men of Israel. Israel goes and weeps to the Lord and asks if they should go up again against their brother Benjamin. The Lord says they are to go up again.

The spiritual meaning of the tribe of Benjamin is that it stands for the ‘medium’ or the vital connection between what is internal or celestial and what is external or natural. If this connection is absent there is no passage or mutual link between these two and they are separated. This removes the completeness of our spiritual life as a whole. (See Arcana Caelestia 5822.)

Israel goes up against Benjamin on the second day and eighteen thousand men of Israel are cut down by the army of Benjamin. Israel goes to the house of the Lord and weeps, and asks if they should yet go out to fight their brother Benjamin. The Lord says that they are to fight a third time, and the He will deliver them into their hand.

Israel weeps. Weeping or crying stands for mourning the loss of something which is no longer present. In a good sense ‘weeping’ can be for the sense of loss of what is loved and what is part of us, here represented by ‘to battle the children of my brother Benjamin’.

The Lord wept over Jerusalem (Luke 19:41-44). (Arcana Caelestia 4293.3)

Israel fights on three consecutive day, and on the third day they defeat the tribe of Benjamin. ‘On the third day’ (see verse 30) stands for the need for conflict and personal states in our spiritual temptations and battles to be worked through until they are brought to an end and we can be brought out of temptation, into a new state. (Arcana Caelestia 5159)

The men of Israel laid an ambush and then went as before to fight the men of Benjamin. They moved away from them and Benjamin followed them and killed some men of Israel. The men in ambush arose and went to Gibeah and by arrangement made a great column of smoke after killing the men of the city. (Arcana Caelestia 9144) The men of Benjamin saw this and panicked, and twenty three thousand of them were slain. Six hundred men escaped and hid, and Israel went all around and destroyed men of Benjamin wherever they were found.

The spiritual meaning of this final battle is in the extent of the numbers killed and the aftermath of the victory with further killing. To ‘kill’ (or destroy) when it is used in the Word is to work completely towards the full expulsion of states, thoughts and intentions in us which are in opposition to the way of the Word and its wholeness and healing. (Arcana Caelestia 9320) This is the meaning of the term ‘vastation’ in which things which are opposed to the Lord need to be worked through and brought to an end so that a new state can come.

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Arcana Coelestia # 8941

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8941. 'You shall not build it with hewn ones' means that it must not be a product of self-intelligence. This is clear from the meaning of 'hewn stones' as the kinds of things which are products of self-intelligence, for 'stones' are truths, 8940, and chiselling or shaping them means producing or fashioning truths, or rather notions made to look like truths, out of the self, that is, out of self-intelligence. For the life in anything produced or fashioned by the self or self-intelligence is derived from the person; and such life is not life at all since the human self or proprium is nothing but evil, 210, 215, 694, 874-876, 987, 1047, 5660, 5786, 8480, whereas what is not derived from the self but from God does have life within it, since God is the source of all life. The subject here is worship of the Lord that springs from truth, for that kind of worship is meant by 'an altar of stones', 8940. .

[2] Truths that inspire worship of the Lord should be derived from nowhere other than the Word; for in every single part the Word has life from God. When truths are derived from the self they have as their end in view rank and prominence over everyone in the world, and also earthly possessions and wealth above everyone. Consequently they hold within them self-love and love of the world, thus all evils in their entirety, 7488, 8318. But truths derived from the Word have eternal life as their end in view; they hold within them love to the Lord and love towards the neighbour, thus all forms of good in their entirety. When truths are produced out of the self or self-intelligence they are the masters over the truths which come from God; for they employ the latter to add strength to themselves. But it ought to be the other way round, that is to say, the truths from God ought to be the masters, and those that are products of self-intelligence to be the servants. Products of the self or self-intelligence are called truths, but they are not really truths; they look like truths solely to outward appearances. For the literal sense of the Word is employed, and reasonings are brought in, to make them look like truths; but inwardly they are falsities. What these things are exactly, and what they are like, see above in 8932.

[3] In the world there are two semblances of religion that exist as a result of self-intelligence. One is that in which self-love and love of the world is everything; in the Word this semblance of religion is called Babel. Inwardly it is profane on account of self-love and love of the world, while outwardly it is holy on account of the Word, which people have employed to add strength to their own ideas. The other semblance of religion is that in which the inferior light of the natural order is everything. Those with this kind of religion acknowledge nothing to be true which they do not apprehend. Some belonging to this seeming religion acknowledge the Word, yet they employ it to add strength to their own ideas; thus they treat it as their servant. Others however do not acknowledge the Word; instead they identify the Divine with the natural order. For the light in which they see, being the inferior light of the natural order, shines only within the natural order and cannot be made brighter by the superior light of heaven, because they cast aside the Word, the source of all enlightenment. Those belonging to both the latter and the former semblances of religion are in hell, because they are devoid of heavenly life, which they cannot receive because they have cast the Word aside. And those of them who have employed the Word to add strength to their own ideas have set no value at all on it in their hearts; yet because it has had power and authority among the common people they have used it to serve them in this way, in order that false notions fashioned by their own intelligence might thereby be validated. From all this one may see what is meant in the spiritual sense by the command that no altar of hewn stones was to be built.

[4] 'Hewn stone' means that which is a product of self-intelligence in the following places as well: In Isaiah,

In order that [all] the people may know, Ephraim and the inhabitant of Samaria, on account of pride and arrogance of heart, saying, The bricks have fallen and we will build from hewn stone. Isaiah 9:9-10.

In Jeremiah,

Even if I cry and shout, He has shut out my prayers. He has fenced round my ways with hewn stone, He has overturned my paths. Lamentations 3:8-9.

In Amos,

Because you tread down the crushed, and seize from him the burden of grain, you will build houses of hewn stone, yet you will not dwell in them. Amos 5:11.

'Hewn stone' here stands for the kinds of things that self-intelligence produces in matters of faith.

[5] Since those things were meant by 'hewn stone', the altar first built in the land of Canaan by the children of Israel after they crossed the Jordan was built of unhewn stones; for crossing over Jordan represented introduction into the Lord's kingdom, which is accomplished by means of the truths of faith. That altar is spoken of as follows in Joshua,

Joshua built an altar to Jehovah God of Israel on Mount Ebal, as Moses the servant of Jehovah had commanded the children of Israel, An altar of whole stones over which no one has wielded any iron tool. 1 Joshua 8:30-31; Deuteronomy 27:1-8.

[6] The temple in Jerusalem likewise was built of whole, not hewn, stones. This is referred to in the first Book of Kings as follows,

As regards the house itself, when it was being built it was built of whole stone, as it had been brought [there]; for not a hammer or axe, [nor] any tool of iron, was heard in the house while it was being built. 1 Kings 6:7.

For by 'the temple of the Lord' was represented the Lord in respect of Divine Truth. The Lord Himself teaches that He was represented by the temple, in John 2:19, 21-22; and the reason why He was represented in respect of Divine Truth was that Divine Truth was taught there. This also was why it was built of stones; for 'stones' meant Divine Truth, 8940. And it also explains why the Lord was called 'the Stone of Israel', 6426.

[7] From all this one may now see what was meant by the stone of the altar, and also what was meant by the stone of the temple, as well as what was meant by the requirement that they were to be whole stones, and not hewn, namely this: Religion should be composed of truths derived from the Lord, thus from the Word, and not from self-intelligence. Products of self-intelligence are also described in the following way in Isaiah,

The craftsman casts a graven image, and a goldsmith overlays it with gold and casts silver chains for it. He seeks a skilled 2 craftsman to make ready a graven image. Isaiah 40:19-20.

'A graven image' stands for some religious fabrication that is a product of the proprium or self, put forward to be venerated as what is Divine, 8869. 'The craftsman' stands for those who from self produce and fashion things. Their attempt to make these things look like truths is described by '[a goldsmith! overlays it with gold, and casts chains made of silver' and 'he seeks a skilled craftsman'.

[8] In the same prophet,

Makers of the graven image, all are vanity. All his companions will be ashamed; and the workmen themselves ... He fashions the iron with tongs, and works it with the coals, and forms it with sharp hammers; so he makes it with his strong arm. 3 He fashions pieces of wood, stretches out a cord, and marks it off with a ruler. He makes it into its angles, and marks it out with a ring, so that he may make it in the form of a man (vir), according to the beauty of a human being, to dwell in the house. Isaiah 44:9, 11-13.

This too describes a religious fabrication that is a product of self-intelligence. Something similar occurs in Jeremiah,

The customs 4 of the nations are vanity. Since indeed one cuts out wood from the forest, the work of the hands of the workman using an axe, he decorates it with silver and gold; and they make it firm 5 with pegs and hammers. Jeremiah 10:3-4.

And also in Hosea,

Nonetheless they now sin more and more, and make for themselves a molten image from silver, idols by their own intelligence, completely the work of craftsmen. Hosea 13:2

A religious fabrication, produced out of self-intelligence and not derived from the Word, is meant in the internal sense by 'idols' and 'strange gods', by 'molten images' and 'graven images'. Products of the self are nothing else; for in themselves they are dead, even though venerated as living.

Poznámky pod čarou:

1. literally, upon which he has not moved iron

2. literally, intelligent

3. lit the arm of his strength

4. lit statutes

5. The Latin means he makes firm but the Hebrew means they make firm, which Swedenborg has in other places where he quotes this verse.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.