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Richter 20

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1 Da zogen die Kinder Israel aus und versammelten sich zuhauf wie ein Mann, von Dan bis gen Beer-Seba und vom Lande Gilead zu dem HERRN gen Mizpa;

2 und traten zuhauf die Obersten des ganzen Volks aller Stämme Israels in der Gemeinde Gottes, vierhundertausend Mann zu Fuß, die das Schwert auszogen.

3 Aber die Kinder Benjamin hörten, daß die Kinder Israel hinauf gen Mizpa gezogen waren. Und die Kinder Israel sprachen: Sagt, wie ist das Übel zugegangen?

4 Da antwortete der Levit, des Weibes Mann, die erwürgt war, und sprach: Ich kam gen Gibea in Benjamin mit meinem Kebsweibe, über Nacht dazubleiben.

5 Da machten sich wider mich auf die Bürger zu Gibea und umgaben mich im Hause des Nachts und gedachten, mich zu erwürgen; und haben mein Kebsweib geschändet, daß sie gestorben ist.

6 Da faßte ich mein Kebsweib und zerstückte es und sandte es in alle Felder des Erbes Israels; denn sie haben einen Mutwillen und eine Torheit getan in Israel.

7 Siehe, da seid ihr Kinder Israel alle; schafft euch Rat und tut hierzu!

8 Da machte sich alles Volk auf wie ein Mann und sprach: Es soll niemand in seine Hütte gehen noch in sein Haus kehren;

9 sondern das wollen wir jetzt tun wider Gibea:

10 laßt uns losen und nehmen zehn Mann von hundert, und hundert von tausend, und tausend von zehntausend aus allen Stämmen Israels, daß sie Speise nehmen für das Volk, daß es komme und tue mit Gibea-Benjamin nach all seiner Torheit, die es in Israel getan hat.

11 Also versammelten sich zu der Stadt alle Männer Israels, wie ein Mann verbunden.

12 Und die Stämme Israels sandten Männer zu allen Geschlechtern Benjamins und ließen ihnen sagen: Was ist das für eine Bosheit, die bei euch geschehen ist?

13 So gebt nun her die Männer, die bösen Buben zu Gibea, daß wir sie töten und das Übel aus Israel tun! Aber die Kinder Benjamin wollten nicht gehorchen der Stimme ihrer Brüder, der Kinder Israel;

14 sondern versammelten sich aus den Städten gen Gibea, auszuziehen in den Streit wider die Kinder Israel.

15 Und wurden des Tages gezählt der Kinder Benjamin aus den Städten sechsundzwanzigtausend Mann, die das Schwert auszogen, ohne die Bürger zu Gibea, deren wurden siebenhundert gezählt, auserlesene Männer.

16 Und unter allem diesem Volk waren siebenhundert Mann auserlesen, die links waren und konnten mit der Schleuder ein Haar treffen, daß sie nicht fehlten.

17 Aber derer von Israel (ohne die von Benjamin) wurden gezählt vierhunderttausend Mann, die das Schwert führten, und alle streitbare Männer.

18 Die machten sich auf und zogen hinauf gen Beth-el und fragten Gott und sprachen: Wer soll vor uns hinaufziehen, den Streit anzufangen mit den Kindern Benjamin? Der HERR sprach: Juda soll anfangen.

19 Also machten sich die Kinder Israel des Morgens auf und lagerten sich vor Gibea.

20 Und ein jeder Mann von Israel ging heraus, zu streiten mit Benjamin, und schickten sich, zu streiten wider Gibea.

21 Da fielen die Kinder Benjamin heraus aus Gibea und schlugen des Tages unter Israel zweiundzwanzigtausend zu Boden.

22 Aber das Volk der Männer von Israel ermannte sich und stellte sich auf, noch weiter zu streiten am selben Ort, da sie sich des vorigen Tages gestellt hatten.

23 Und die Kinder Israel zogen hinauf und weinten vor dem HERRN bis an den Abend und fragten den HERRN und sprachen: Sollen wir wieder nahen, zu streiten mit den Kindern Benjamin, unsern Brüdern? Der HERR sprach: Zieht hinauf zu ihnen!

24 Und da die Kinder Israel sich machten an die Kinder Benjamin des andern Tages,

25 fielen die Benjaminiter heraus aus Gibea ihnen entgegen desselben Tages und schlugen von den Kindern Israel noch achtzehntausend zu Boden, die alle das Schwert führten.

26 Da zogen alle Kinder Israel hinauf und alles Volk und kamen gen Beth-El und weinten und blieben daselbst vor dem HERRN und fasteten den Tag bis zum Abend und opferten Brandopfer und Dankopfer vor dem HERRN.

27 Und die Kinder Israel fragten den HERRN (es war aber daselbst die Lade des Bundes Gottes zu der Zeit,

28 und Pinehas, der Sohn Eleasars, Aarons Sohns, stand vor ihm zu der Zeit) und sprachen: Sollen wir weiter ausziehen, zu streiten mit den Kindern Benjamin, unsern Brüdern, oder sollen wir ablassen? Der HERR sprach: Zieht hinauf; morgen will ich sie in eure Hände geben.

29 Und die Kinder Israel stellten einen Hinterhalt auf Gibea umher.

30 Und zogen also die Kinder Israel hinauf des dritten Tages gegen die Kinder Benjamin und stellten sich wider Gibea wie zuvor zweimal.

31 Da fuhren die Kinder Benjamin heraus, dem Volk entgegen, und wurden losgerissen von der Stadt und fingen an zu schlagen und zu verwunden etliche vom Volk, wie zuvor zweimal, im Felde auf zwei Straßen, deren eine gen Beth-El, die andere gen Gibea geht, bei dreißig Mann in Israel.

32 Da gedachten die Kinder Benjamin: Sie sind geschlagen vor uns wie vorhin. Aber die Kinder Israel sprachen: Laßt uns fliehen, daß wir sie von der Stadt reißen auf die Straßen!

33 Da machten sich auf alle Männer von Israel von ihrem Ort und stellten sich zu Baal-Thamar. Und der Hinterhalt Israels brach hervor an seinem Ort, von der Höhle Geba,

34 und kamen gen Gibea zehntausend Mann, auserlesen aus ganz Israel, daß der Streit hart ward; sie aber wußten nicht, daß sie das Unglück treffen würde.

35 Also schlug der HERR den Benjamin vor den Kindern Israel, daß die Kinder Israel auf den Tag verderbten fünfundzwanzigtausend und hundert Mann in Benjamin, die alle das Schwert führten.

36 Denn da die Kinder Benjamin sahen, daß sie geschlagen waren, gaben ihnen die Männer Israels Raum; denn sie verließen sich auf den Hinterhalt, den sie bei Gibea aufgestellt hatten.

37 Und der Hinterhalt eilte auch und brach hervor auf Gibea zu und zog hinan und schlug die ganze Stadt mit der Schärfe des Schwerts.

38 Sie hatten aber abgeredet miteinander, die Männer von Israel und der Hinterhalt, mit dem Schwert über sie zu fallen, wenn der Rauch aus der Stadt sich erhöbe.

39 Da nun die Männer von Israel sich wandten im Streit und Benjamin anfing zu schlagen und verwundeten in Israel bei dreißig Mann und gedachten: Sie sind vor uns geschlagen wie im vorigen Streit,

40 da fing an sich zu erheben von der Stadt ein Rauch stracks über sich. Und Benjamin wandte sich hinter sich, und siehe, da ging die Stadt ganz auf gen Himmel.

41 Und die Männer von Israel wandten sich auch um. Da erschraken die Männer Benjamins; denn sie sahen, daß sie das Unglück treffen wollte.

42 Und wandten sich von den Männern Israels auf den Weg zur Wüste; aber der Streit folgte ihnen nach, und die von den Städten hineingekommen waren, die verderbten sie drinnen.

43 Und sie umringten Benjamin und jagten ihn bis gen Menuha und zertraten sie bis vor Gibea gegen der Sonne Aufgang.

44 Und es fielen von Benjamin achtzehntausend Mann, die alle streitbare Männer waren.

45 Da wandten sie sich und flohen zu der Wüste, an den Fels Rimmon; aber auf derselben Straße schlugen sie fünftausend Mann und folgten ihnen hintennach bis gen Gideom und schlugen ihrer zweitausend.

46 Und also fielen des Tages von Benjamin fünfundzwanzigtausend Mann, die das Schwert führten und alle streitbare Männer waren.

47 Nur sechshundert Mann wandten sich und flohen zur Wüste, zum Fels Rimmon, und blieben im Fels Rimmon, vier Monate.

48 Und die Männer Israels kamen wieder zu den Kindern Benjamin und schlugen mit der Schärfe des Schwerts die in der Stadt, Leute und Vieh und alles, was man fand; und alle Städte, die man fand, verbrannte man mit Feuer.

   

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Exploring the Meaning of Judges 20

Napsal(a) New Christian Bible Study Staff, Julian Duckworth

Israel’s war with the tribe of Benjamin

The events of the previous chapter carry over into the last two chapters of the book of Judges, this one and the final one. The overall content of this chapter is about the division between Israel and the tribe of Benjamin (where the town of Gibeah was situated) and the eventual long war in which thousands on both sides died.

All Israel gathered together at Mizpah, four hundred thousand foot soldiers with swords, from every tribe, except the tribe of Benjamin who heard about the gathering. The reason for coming together, prompted by the dismembered parts of the concubine, was to decide what to do. The Levite told the story of the events. The men of Israel heard and decided that they would all immediately go up against the tribe of Benjamin, for them to hand over the perverted men of Gibeah for justice to be done and for Israel to be redeemed. They agreed to take one man out of every ten to go and, if necessary, to fight.

The spiritual meaning in this opening and gathering of Israel at Mizpah is mostly about its incompleteness. The tribe of Benjamin was not present even though Mizpah was in Benjamin’s territory. Spiritual incompleteness in us is to leave something out of our love and faithfulness to the Lord which makes each one of us a whole being. The twelve tribes of Israel stand for all the qualities which come together to form our spiritual life and purpose. (True Christian Religion 38)

The men of Israel go up and ask the Lord who should go to fight first. The reply is that Judah go first. The men of Benjamin refuse to hand the men of Gibeah over and they form an army to fight Israel. In the fighting, the men of Benjamin cut down twenty-two thousand men of Israel. Israel goes and weeps to the Lord and asks if they should go up again against their brother Benjamin. The Lord says they are to go up again.

The spiritual meaning of the tribe of Benjamin is that it stands for the ‘medium’ or the vital connection between what is internal or celestial and what is external or natural. If this connection is absent there is no passage or mutual link between these two and they are separated. This removes the completeness of our spiritual life as a whole. (See Arcana Caelestia 5822.)

Israel goes up against Benjamin on the second day and eighteen thousand men of Israel are cut down by the army of Benjamin. Israel goes to the house of the Lord and weeps, and asks if they should yet go out to fight their brother Benjamin. The Lord says that they are to fight a third time, and the He will deliver them into their hand.

Israel weeps. Weeping or crying stands for mourning the loss of something which is no longer present. In a good sense ‘weeping’ can be for the sense of loss of what is loved and what is part of us, here represented by ‘to battle the children of my brother Benjamin’.

The Lord wept over Jerusalem (Luke 19:41-44). (Arcana Caelestia 4293.3)

Israel fights on three consecutive day, and on the third day they defeat the tribe of Benjamin. ‘On the third day’ (see verse 30) stands for the need for conflict and personal states in our spiritual temptations and battles to be worked through until they are brought to an end and we can be brought out of temptation, into a new state. (Arcana Caelestia 5159)

The men of Israel laid an ambush and then went as before to fight the men of Benjamin. They moved away from them and Benjamin followed them and killed some men of Israel. The men in ambush arose and went to Gibeah and by arrangement made a great column of smoke after killing the men of the city. (Arcana Caelestia 9144) The men of Benjamin saw this and panicked, and twenty three thousand of them were slain. Six hundred men escaped and hid, and Israel went all around and destroyed men of Benjamin wherever they were found.

The spiritual meaning of this final battle is in the extent of the numbers killed and the aftermath of the victory with further killing. To ‘kill’ (or destroy) when it is used in the Word is to work completely towards the full expulsion of states, thoughts and intentions in us which are in opposition to the way of the Word and its wholeness and healing. (Arcana Caelestia 9320) This is the meaning of the term ‘vastation’ in which things which are opposed to the Lord need to be worked through and brought to an end so that a new state can come.

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Arcana Coelestia # 1071

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1071. That 'he drank wine' means that he wished to probe into matters of faith is clear from the meaning of 'wine'. 'A vineyard' or 'a vine', as has been shown, is the spiritual Church, or member of the spiritual Church. The grape, clusters, and bunches are its fruit, and these mean charity and what belongs to charity. Wine however means faith deriving from charity, and all things that belong to faith. Thus 'grape means the celestial aspect of that Church, and 'wine' the spiritual. The celestial, as often stated already, comprises the will, while the spiritual comprises the understanding. That 'he drank of the wine' means that he wished to probe into matters of faith, and to do so indeed by means of reasonings, is clear from the reason given why 'he was drunk', that is, sank into errors. Indeed the member of this Church did not possess any perception at all as the member of the Most Ancient Church had done. Instead he had to acquire knowledge of what good and truth were by learning about them from doctrinal matters concerning faith which had been gathered together and preserved from the perception that had existed in the Most Ancient Church. And these matters of doctrine constituted the Word of the Ancient Church. As with the Word, doctrinal matters concerning faith were in many instances such that, without perception, they could not be believed; for spiritual and celestial things infinitely transcend human comprehension, and this is why reasoning enters in. But the person who refuses to believe those things until he comprehends them is never able to believe, as often shown already. See what appears in 128, 130, 195, 196, 215, 232, 233.

[2] That 'grapes in the Word means charity and what belongs to charity, and that 'wine' means both faith deriving from charity and also matters of faith, becomes clear from the following places: In Isaiah,

My beloved had a vineyard on a very fertile hill. 1 He looked for it to yield grapes, and it yielded wild grapes. Isaiah 5:1-2, 4.

Here 'grapes' stands for charity and the fruits of charity. In Jeremiah,

I will surely gather them, says Jehovah; there will be no grapes on the vine nor figs on the fig tree. Jer, 8:13.

'Vine' stands for the spiritual Church, 'grapes' for charity. In Hosea,

Like grapes in the wilderness I found Israel, like the first fruit on the fig tree, in the beginning, I saw your fathers. Hosea 9:10.

'Israel' stands for the Ancient Church, 'grape' for the fact that they were endowed with charity. These words are used in the contrary sense when 'Israel' stands for the sons of Jacob. In Micah,

There was no cluster to eat; my soul desired the first fruit. The holy man has perished from the earth, and there is none upright among men. Micah 7:1-2.

'Cluster' stands for charity or that which is holy, 'first fruit' for faith or that which is upright.

[3] In Isaiah,

Thus said Jehovah, As the new wine is found in the cluster, and one says, Do not destroy it, for there is a blessing in it. Isaiah 65:8.

'Cluster' stands for charity, 'new wine' for goods that stem from charity, and truths deriving from these. In Moses,

He washes his clothing in wine, and His garment in the blood of grapes. Genesis 49:11.

This is a prophecy concerning the Lord. 'Wine' stands for that which is spiritual deriving from what is celestial, 'blood of grapes' for the celestial in respect to spiritual Churches. So 'grapes' stands for charity itself, 'wine' for faith itself. In John,

The angel said, Put in your sharp sickle and gather the clusters of the earth, for its grapes have ripened. Revelation 14:18.

This refers to the last times when there is no faith, that is, when there is no charity. For no faith exists other than that which inheres in charity, and in essence is charity itself. Consequently when it is said that there is no longer any faith, as in the last times, it means that there is no charity.

[4] As 'grapes' means charity, so 'wine' means faith deriving from charity, for wine is obtained from grapes. In addition to these and previous quotations concerning the vineyard and the vine, the following also make the point clear: In Isaiah,

Gladness and exaltation have been taken away from Carmel, and in the vineyards there is no singing, no joyful noise. No treader treads out wine in the presses; I have made the hedad 2 to cease. Isaiah 16:10.

This stands for the fact that the spiritual Church, meant by 'Carmel', has been vastated, 'none treading wine in the presses' for the fact that no longer are there any people who possess faith. In the same prophet,

The inhabitants of the earth will be scorched and few men left. The new wine will mourn, the vine will languish; they will not drink wine with singing, strong drink will be bitter to those drinking it; there will be an outcry in the streets over wine. Isaiah 24:6-7, 9, 11.

The vastated spiritual Church being the subject, 'wine' stands for truths of faith that are considered valueless. In Jeremiah,

They will say to their mothers, Where is corn and wine? when they faint like one who has been run through in the streets of the city. Lamentations 2:12.

'Where is corn and wine?' means, Where is love and faith? 'Streets of the city' means truths here, as elsewhere in the Word. 'Those who have been run through in them' means that they do not know what the truths of faith are.

[5] In Amos,

I will bring again the captivity of My people Israel, and they will build the ruined cities and inhabit them. And they will plant vineyards and drink their wine. Amos 9:14.

This refers to the spiritual Church, meant by Israel, to which 'planting vineyards and drinking wine' is attributed when it becomes a Church such as derives faith from charity. In Zephaniah,

They will build houses but not inhabit them, and they will plant vineyards but not drink their wine. Zephaniah 1:13; Amos 5:11.

Here 'vineyard' and 'wine' stand for the contrary situation when the spiritual Church has been vastated. In Zechariah,

They will be like a mighty man of Ephraim, and their heart will rejoice as from wine, and their sons will see it and rejoice. Zechariah 10:7.

This refers to the house of Judah, that it would be such by virtue of the goods and truths of faith. In John the command not to do harm to oil and wine, Revelation 6:6, stands for doing no harm to what is celestial and spiritual, that is, to things of love and faith.

[6] In the Jewish Church, since 'wine' meant faith in the Lord, the libation of wine in the sacrifices also represented faith, as in Numbers 15:1-15; 28:11-15, 18-end; Numbers 29:7-end; Leviticus 23:12-13; Exodus 29:40. Hence the following is said in Hosea,

Threshing-floor and winepress will not feed them, and new wine will be deceptive in her. They will not dwell in Jehovah's land, but Ephraim will return to Egypt, and in Assyria they will eat what is unclean: They will not pour libations of wine to Jehovah, they will not be pleasing to Him. Hosea 9:1-4.

This refers to Israel, or the spiritual Church, and to those people in it who pervert and defile holy things and the truths of faith by wishing to probe into them by means of knowledge and reasonings. 'Egypt' is knowledge, 'Assyria' reasoning, and 'Ephraim' one who engages in reasoning.

Poznámky pod čarou:

1. literally, on a horn of a son of oil

2. A Hebrew word which is a shout of exaltation.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.