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Richter 1

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1 Nach dem Tod Josuas fragten die Kinder Israel den HERRN und sprachen: Wer soll unter uns zuerst hinaufziehen, Krieg zu führen wider die Kanaaniter?

2 Der HERR sprach: Juda soll hinaufziehen. Siehe, ich habe das Land in seine Hand gegeben.

3 Da sprach Juda zu seinem Bruder Simeon: Zieh mit mir hinauf in mein Los und laß uns wider die Kanaaniter streiten, so will ich wieder mit dir ziehen in dein Los. Also zog Simeon mit ihm.

4 Da nun Juda hinaufzog, gab der HERR die Kanaaniter und Pheresiter in ihre Hände, und sie schlugen zu Besek zehntausend Mann.

5 Und fanden den Adoni-Besek zu Besek und stritten wider ihn und schlugen die Kanaaniter und Pheresiter.

6 Aber Adoni-Besek floh, und sie jagten ihm nach; und da sie ihn ergriffen, hieben sie ihm die Daumen ab an seinen Händen und Füßen.

7 Da sprach Adoni-Besek: Siebzig Könige mit abgehauenen Daumen ihrer Hände und Füße lasen auf unter meinem Tisch. Wie ich nun getan habe, so hat mir Gott wieder vergolten. Und man brachte ihn gen Jerusalem; daselbst starb er.

8 Aber die Kinder Juda stritten wider Jerusalem und gewannen es und schlugen es mit der Schärfe des Schwerts und zündeten die Stadt an.

9 Darnach zogen die Kinder Juda herab, zu streiten wider die Kanaaniter, die auf dem Gebirge und gegen Mittag und in den Gründen wohnten.

10 Und Juda zog hin wider die Kanaaniter, die zu Hebron wohnten (Hebron aber hieß vorzeiten Kirjath-Arba), und sie schlugen den Sesai und Ahiman und Thalmai.

11 Und zogen von da wider die Einwohner zu Debir (Debir aber hieß vorzeiten Kirjath-Sepher).

12 Und Kaleb sprach: Wer Kirjath-Sepher schlägt und gewinnt, dem will ich meine Tochter Achsa zum Weibe geben.

13 Da gewann es Othniel, der Sohn des Kenas, Kalebs jüngerer Bruder. Und er gab ihm sein Tochter Achsa zum Weibe.

14 Und es begab sich, da sie einzog, beredete sie ihn, einen Acker zu fordern von ihrem Vater. Und sie stieg vom Esel; da sprach Kaleb zu ihr: Was ist dir?

15 Sie sprach: Gib mir einen Segen! Denn du hast mir ein Mittagsland gegeben; gib mir auch Wasserquellen! Da gab er ihr die Quellen oben und unten.

16 Und die Kinder des Keniters, Mose's Schwagers, zogen herauf aus der Palmenstadt mit den Kindern Juda in die Wüste Juda, die da liegt gegen Mittag der Stadt Arad, und gingen hin und wohnten unter dem Volk.

17 Und Juda zog hin mit seinem Bruder Simeon, und schlugen die Kanaaniter zu Zephath und verbannten sie und nannten die Stadt Horma.

18 Dazu gewann Juda Gaza mit seinem Zugehör und Askalon mit seinem Zugehör und Ekron mit seinem Zugehör.

19 Und der HERR war mit Juda, daß er das Gebirge einnahm; denn er konnte die Einwohner im Grunde nicht vertreiben, darum daß sie eiserne Wagen hatten.

20 Und sie gaben dem Kaleb Hebron, wie Mose gesagt hatte; und er vertrieb daraus die drei Söhne des Enak.

21 Aber die Kinder Benjamin vertrieben die Jebusiter nicht, die zu Jerusalem wohnten; sondern die Jebusiter wohnten bei den Kindern Benjamin zu Jerusalem bis auf diesen Tag.

22 Desgleichen zogen auch die Kinder Joseph hinauf gen Beth-El, und der HERR war mit ihnen.

23 Und das Haus Josephs ließ auskundschaften Beth-El, das vorzeiten Lus hieß.

24 Und die Wächter sahen einen Mann aus der Stadt gehen und sprachen zu ihm: Weise uns, wo wir in die Stadt kommen, so wollen wir Barmherzigkeit an dir tun.

25 Und da er ihnen zeigte, wo sie in die Stadt kämen, schlugen sie die Stadt mit der Schärfe des Schwerts; aber den Mann und all sein Geschlecht ließen sie gehen.

26 Da zog derselbe Mann ins Land der Hethiter und baute eine Stadt und hieß sie Lus; die heißt noch heutigestages also.

27 Und Manasse vertrieb nicht Beth-Sean mit den zugehörigen Orten noch Thaanach mit den zugehörigen Orten noch die Einwohner zu Dor mit den zugehörigen Orten noch die Einwohner zu Jibleam mit den zugehörigen Orten noch die Einwohner zu Megiddo mit den zugehörigen Orten; und die Kanaaniter blieben wohnen im Land.

28 Da aber Israel mächtig war, machte es die Kanaaniter zinsbar und vertrieb sie nicht.

29 Desgleichen vertrieb auch Ephraim die Kanaaniter nicht, die zu Geser wohnten, sondern die Kanaaniter wohnten unter ihnen zu Geser.

30 Sebulon vertrieb auch nicht die Einwohner von Kitron und Nahalol; sondern die Kanaaniter wohnten unter ihnen und waren zinsbar.

31 Asser vertrieb die Einwohner zu Akko nicht noch die Einwohner zu Sidon, zu Ahelab, zu Achsib, zu Helba, zu Aphik und zu Rehob;

32 sondern die Asseriter wohnten unter den Kanaanitern, die im Lande wohnten, denn sie vertrieben sie nicht.

33 Naphthali vertrieb die Einwohner nicht zu Beth-Semes noch zu Beth-Anath, sondern wohnte unter den Kanaanitern, die im Lande wohnten. Aber die zu Beth-Semes und zu Beth-Anath wurden zinsbar.

34 Und die Amoriter drängten die Kinder Dan aufs Gebirge und ließen nicht zu, daß sie herunter in den Grund kämen.

35 Und die Amoriter blieben wohnen auf dem Gebirge Heres, zu Ajalon und Saalbim. Doch ward ihnen die Hand des Hauses Joseph zu schwer, und wurden zinsbar.

36 Und die Grenze der Amoriter war, da man nach Akrabbim hinaufgeht, von dem Fels an und weiter hinauf.

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Exploring the Meaning of Judges 1

Napsal(a) New Christian Bible Study Staff, Julian Duckworth

Judges 1: The continuing conquest of Canaan.

The book of Judges follows on almost seamlessly from Joshua. It is called ‘Judges’ because a number of regional leaders arose and made judgments for the people, often actively defending Israel from outside oppression. A pattern emerges in Judges: Israel disobeys the Lord – an enemy oppresses Israel – the Lord raises a leader – the leader is victorious against the enemy – there is peace for a time – Israel disobeys the Lord again.

There were twelve judges in all, about whom we either hear very much or next to nothing. The number twelve (as with the twelve tribes of Israel, the twelve disciples, and other examples in the Word), stands for all the various aspects of spirituality that we need to understand, develop, and put to use. A clue is often found in the meaning of their names, because biblical names are nearly always linked to spiritual qualities, such as ‘courage’, or ‘one who walks with God’ (see Swedenborg’s work, Arcana Caelestia 10216).

The theme of this first chapter is the further conquest of the land. The Israelites asked the Lord, “Who shall go up and fight for us?” And the Lord said that the tribe of Judah would go, because the Lord had delivered the land into their hand. Judah then called on the tribe of Simeon to join them, and they won many battles against the Canaanites still in the land.

One Canaanite king, Adoni-bezek, fled and was captured by the Israelites, who then cut off his thumbs and big toes. Adoni-bezek said that God had dealt justice by punishing him, as he had previously cut off seventy kings’ thumbs and big toes, and they had to gather scraps of food under his table.

Then Caleb, a leader of Israel during the journey through the wilderness, said that the man who took Kirjath-sepher (Caleb’s inheritance city) from the Canaanites would marry his daughter, Achsah. Caleb’s nephew, Othniel, took the city and Achsah was given to him. Achsah asked her father for the blessing of springs of water, and Caleb gave her the upper and lower springs.

Next, spies were sent to Bethel. They met a man there, and said that if he directed them the entrance to the city, they would show him mercy. He helped them, and they took the city but showed mercy on the man and all his family. After all of this, the man built a new city called Luz in the land of the Hittites.

The chapter ends by listing the twelve tribes, as well as the Canaanite peoples who remained unsubdued in each of their territories.

*****

The overarching spiritual theme of Judges is the process of our regeneration. As the opening of Judges reminds us, there were still parts of the land and various tribes that Israel needed to conquer. In fact, the Israelites never finished driving enemies out of their land. In the same way, we need to control our inherited human nature, but it is never completely wiped out (see Swedenborg’s work, Divine Love and Wisdom 238).

During regeneration, we will discover deeper and subtler self-centered states in ourselves, which need to be mitigated. Each judge raised by the Lord stands for our determination to deal with these states, using the Word as a guide. This brings us a period of peace, followed by the start of another personal discovery.

When the Israelites chose which tribes would fight for them, it was no coincidence that they selected Judah and Simeon. Judah (who was a prominent tribe of Israel) and Simeon (who usually acts with another tribe) stand for the highest things in our spiritual life: our love for the Lord, and our obedience to the Lord’s Word. Choosing Judah and Simeon as our strength will always bring victory in our regeneration (see Arcana Caelestia 3654 and Apocalypse Explained 443).

The spiritual meaning in the story of Adoni-bezek is about taking away the power of our self-love, as cutting off thumbs and big toes makes hands and feet virtually useless. When we work on our lower nature, we are to minimize its control over us. It is the same with any influences from hell; their power must end. Adoni-bezek’s comment about doing the same to seventy kings vividly describes how self-love can only lead to our downfall (Arcana Caelestia 10062[4]).

The delightful story of Caleb, Achsah and Othniel illustrates that after battle, there is rest and reward. In the same way, we strengthen the ‘marriage’ of good and truth in us after overcoming spiritual struggles (see Swedenborg’s work, Divine Love and Wisdom 409). The springs of water given to Achsah stand for the truths which flow into our mind, both about the ‘upper’ things of the Lord and heaven, and those ‘lower’ ones about spiritual life and responsibility.

The episode about the man from Bethel means that when we open up our life to the Lord to allow Him to guide us, we become blessed (Arcana Caelestia 3928). Then our life can be re-built in very practical and good ways, represented by the Hittites.

The final mention of the Canaanites still in the land points to the continuing presence of our unregenerate qualities. Although we may progress through the work of regeneration, we are still human, and we will always have flaws left to improve on.

Ze Swedenborgových děl

 

Arcana Coelestia # 2724

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2724. 'And there he called on the name of [Jehovah,] the God of Eternity' means worship from it. This is clear from the meaning of 'calling on the name of God' as worship, dealt with in 440. Those who belonged to the Ancient Church did not understand merely name by the word 'name' but the entire nature, see 144, 145, 340, 768, 1754, 1896, 2009. Thus by 'the name of God' they understood everything in one embrace by which God was worshipped, consequently everything of love and faith. But once the internal aspect of worship perished and only the external was left people began to understand nothing else by 'the name of God' than the name. Indeed they went so far as to worship the name itself, being quite indifferent to what the love and the faith were in which their worship was grounded. As a result of this nations began to identify themselves by the names of their gods, the Jews and Israelites setting themselves above the rest because they worshipped Jehovah. They made the utterance and the calling upon the name itself the essential feature of worship; but in fact worship of the name alone is not worship at all, for that practice may exist even among the worst of people who in worshipping the name alone become greater profaners.

[2] Now because 'the name of God' means the entirety of worship, that is, the love and faith in their entirety from which He is worshipped, it is therefore clear what is meant by hallowed be Your name - in the Lord's Prayer, Matthew 6:9, and what by the following words spoken by the Lord,

You will be hated by everyone for My name's sake. Matthew 10:22.

If two of you agree in My name on earth about anything they ask, it will be done for them by My Father who is in heaven. Where two or three are gathered in My name, there am I in the midst of them. Matthew 18:19-20.

He who leaves houses or brothers or sisters or father or mother or wife or children or fields, for My name's sake, will receive a hundredfold and will be allotted the inheritance of eternal life. Matthew 19:29.

Hosanna to the son of David! Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord. Matthew 21:9.

Jesus said, You will not see Me from now on until you say, Blessed is the one coming in the name of the Lord. Matthew 23:39.

You will be hated by all nations for My name's sake. Then many will stumble and betray one another, and hate one another, and all for My name's sake. 1 Matthew 24:9-10.

As many as received Him, to them He gave power to be sons of God, to those believing in His name, John 1:12.

He who does not believe is judged already because he has not believed in the name of the only begotten Son of God. John 3:17-18.

Jesus said, Whatever you ask in My name, I will do it. John 14:14-15; 15:16; 16:23-24, 26-27.

Jesus said, I have manifested Your name to men. John 17:6.

Holy Father, keep them in Your name whom You have given Me, that they may be one as We are one. John 17:11-12.

I made known to them Your name, and I will make known that the love with which You have loved Me may be in them, and I in them. John 17:26.

That you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that believing you may have life in His name. John 20:31.

There are in addition very many places in the Old Testament in which the name of Jehovah and of God is not used to mean the name but love and faith in their entirety in which worship is grounded.

[3] But those who worship the name alone, without love and faith, are spoken of in Matthew as follows,

Many will say to Me on that day, Lord, Lord, did we not prophesy through Your name, and cast out demons through Your name, and do many mighty works in Your name? But I will confess to them, I do not know you; depart from Me, you workers of iniquity. Matthew 7:22-23.

As has been stated, once the member of the Church from being internal became external, and began to make worship consist in a name alone, people no longer acknowledged one God but many. For it was a custom among the ancients to add something after the name of Jehovah and by doing that to call to mind some benefit or attribute of His, as in the present verse, 'He called on the name of [Jehovah,] the God of Eternity'. Another example occurs in the next chapter,

Abraham called the name of that place Jehovah Jireh (that is, Jehovah will see). Genesis 22:14.

And the following, among others, are further examples,

Moses built an altar and called the name of it Jehovah Nissi (that is, Jehovah is my banner). Exodus 17:15.

Gideon built an altar to Jehovah and called it [the altar] of Jehovah Shalom (that is, of peace). Judges 6:24.

It was from this custom that those who made worship consist in a name alone came to acknowledge so many gods, and also that among the gentiles, especially those in Greece and Rome, so many gods came to be acknowledged and worshipped, whereas the Ancient Church from which those attributive names derived always worshipped but one God who was revered under so many names, for the reason that by 'name' they understood the essential nature.

Poznámky pod čarou:

1. These six words which Swedenborg apparently copied from the Schmidius Latin version do not occur in the original Greek.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.