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Richter 11

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1 Jephthah, ein Gileaditer, war ein streibarer Held, aber ein Hurenkind. Gilead aber hatte Jephthah gezeugt.

2 Da aber das Weib Gileads ihm Kinder gebar und des Weibes Kinder groß wurden, stießen sie Jephthah aus und sprachen zu ihm: Du sollst nicht erben in unsers Vaters Haus; denn du bist eines andern Weibes Sohn.

3 Da floh er vor seinen Brüdern und wohnte im Lande Tob. Und es sammelten sich zu ihm lose Leute und zogen aus mit ihm.

4 Und über etliche Zeit hernach stritten die Kinder Ammon mit Israel.

5 Da nun die Kinder Ammon also stritten mit Israel, gingen die Ältesten von Gilead hin, daß sie Jephthah holten aus dem Lande Tob,

6 und sprachen zu ihm: Komm und sei unser Hauptmann, daß wir streiten wider die Kinder Ammon.

7 Aber Jephthah sprach zu den Ältesten von Gilead: Seid ihr es nicht, die mich hassen und aus meines Vaters Haus gestoßen haben? Und nun kommt ihr zu mir, weil ihr in Trübsal seid?

8 Die Ältesten von Gilead sprachen zu Jephthah: Darum kommen wir nun wieder zu dir, daß du mit uns ziehst und hilfst uns streiten wider die Kinder Ammon und seist unser Haupt über alle, die in Gilead wohnen.

9 Jephthah sprach zu den Ältesten von Gilead: So ihr mich wieder holet, zu streiten wider die Kinder Ammon, und der HERR sie vor mir dahingeben wird, soll ich dann euer Haupt sein?

10 Die Ältesten von Gilead sprachen zu Jephthah: Der HERR sei Zuhörer zwischen uns, wo wir nicht tun, wie du gesagt hast.

11 Also ging Jephthah mit den Ältesten von Gilead; und das Volk setzte ihn zum Haupt und Obersten über sich. Und Jephthah redete solches alles vor dem HERRN zu Mizpa.

12 Da sandte Jephthah Botschaft zum König der Kinder Ammon und ließ ihm sagen: Was hast du mit mir zu schaffen, daß du kommst zu mir, wider mein Land zu streiten?

13 Der König der Kinder Ammon antwortete den Boten Jephthahs: Darum daß Israel mein Land genommen hat, da sie aus Ägypten zogen, vom Arnon an bis an den Jabbok und wieder bis zum Jordan; so gib mir's nun wieder mit Frieden.

14 Jephthah aber sandte noch mehr Boten zum König der Kinder Ammon,

15 die sprachen zu ihm: So spricht Jephthah: Israel hat kein Land genommen, weder den Moabitern noch den Kindern Ammon.

16 Denn da sie aus Ägypten zogen, wandelte Israel durch die Wüste bis ans Schilfmeer und kam gen Kades

17 und sandte Boten zum König der Edomiter und sprach: Laß mich durch dein Land ziehen. Aber der Edomiter König erhörte sie nicht. Auch sandten sie zum König der Moabiter; der wollte auch nicht. Also blieb Israel in Kades

18 und wandelte in der Wüste. Und sie umzogen das Land der Edomiter und Moabiter und kamen von der Sonne Aufgang an der Moabiter Land und lagerten sich jenseit des Arnon und kamen nicht in die Grenze der Moabiter; denn der Arnon ist der Moabiter Grenze.

19 Und Israel sandte Boten zu Sihon, dem König der Amoriter zu Hesbon, und ließ ihm sagen: Laß uns durch dein Land ziehen bis an meinen Ort.

20 Aber Sihon vertraute Israel nicht, durch sein Gebiet zu ziehen, sondern versammelte all sein Volk und lagerte sich zu Jahza und stritt mit Israel.

21 Der HERR aber, der Gott Israels, gab den Sihon mit all seinem Volk in die Hände Israels, daß sie sie schlugen. Also nahm Israel ein alles Land der Amoriter, die in demselben Lande wohnten.

22 Und sie nahmen alles Gebiet der Amoriter ein vom Arnon an bis an den Jabbok und von der Wüste an bis an den Jordan.

23 So hat nun der HERR, der Gott Israels, die Amoriter vertrieben vor seinem Volk Israel; und du willst ihr Land einnehmen?

24 Du solltest deren Land einnehmen, die dein Gott Kamos vertriebe, und uns lassen einnehmen das Land aller, die der HERR, unser Gott, vor uns vertrieben hat.

25 Meinst du, daß du besser recht habest denn Balak, der Sohn Zippors, der Moabiter König? Hat derselbe auch je gerechtet 518eeft oder gestritten wider Israel?

26 Dieweil nun Israel dreihundert Jahre gewohnt hat in Hesbon und in Aroer und ihren Ortschaften und allen Städten, die am Arnon liegen, warum errettetet ihr's nicht in dieser Zeit?

27 Ich habe nichts an dir gesündigt, und du tust so übel an mir, daß du wider mich streitest. Der HERR, der da Richter ist, richte heute zwischen Israel und den Kindern Ammon.

28 Aber der König der Kinder Ammon erhörte die Rede Jephthahs nicht, die er zu ihm sandte.

29 Da kam der Geist des HERRN auf Jephthah, und er zog durch Gilead und Manasse und durch Mizpe, das in Gilead liegt, und von Mizpe, das in Gilead liegt auf die Kinder Ammon.

30 Und Jephthah gelobte dem HERRN ein Gelübde und sprach: Gibst du die Kinder Ammon in meine Hand:

31 was zu meiner Haustür heraus mir entgegengeht, wenn ich mit Frieden wiederkomme von den Kindern Ammon, das soll des HERRN sein, und ich will's zum Brandopfer opfern.

32 Also zog Jephthah auf die Kinder Ammon, wider sie zu streiten. Und der HERR gab sie in seine Hände.

33 Und er schlug sie von Aroer an, bis wo man kommt gen Minnith, zwanzig Städte, und bis an den Plan der Weinberge, eine sehr große Schlacht. Und wurden also die Kinder Ammon gedemütigt vor den Kindern Israel.

34 Da nun Jephthah kam gen Mizpa zu seinem Hause, siehe, da geht seine Tochter heraus ihm entgegen mit Pauken und Reigen; und sie war sein einziges Kind, und er hatte sonst keinen Sohn noch Tochter.

35 Und da er sie sah, zerriß er seine Kleider und sprach: Ach, meine Tochter, wie beugst du mich und betrübst mich! Denn ich habe meinen Mund aufgetan gegen den HERRN und kann's nicht widerrufen.

36 Sie aber sprach: Mein Vater, hast du deinen Mund aufgetan gegen den HERRN, so tue mir, wie es aus deinem Mund gegangen ist, nachdem der HERR dich gerächt hat an deinen Feinden, den Kindern Ammon.

37 Und sie sprach zu ihrem Vater: Du wollest mir das tun, daß du mir lassest zwei Monate, daß ich von hinnen hinabgehe auf die Berge und meine Jungfrauschaft beweine mit meinen Gespielen.

38 Er sprach: Gehe hin! und ließ sie zwei Monate gehen. Da ging sie hin mit ihren Gespielen und beweinte ihre Jungfrauschaft auf den Bergen.

39 Und nach zwei Monaten kam sie wieder zu ihrem Vater. Und er tat ihr, wie er gelobt hatte; und sie war nie eines Mannes schuldig geworden. Und es ward eine Gewohnheit in Israel,

40 daß die Töchter Israel jährlich hingehen, zu klagen um die Tochter Jephthahs, des Gileaditers, des Jahres vier Tage.

   

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Exploring the Meaning of Judges 11

Napsal(a) New Christian Bible Study Staff, Julian Duckworth

Judges 11: Jephthah’s victory.

This chapter and most of the next are about the judge Jephthah. He was Gilead’s son by a prostitute, so Gilead’s other sons despised him, and drove him out from his homeland. He fled to the land of Tob, where he lived amongst reckless men. When the Ammonites made war against Israel, the elders of Gilead went to the land of Tob to ask if Jephthah would lead their army. At first, Jephthah challenged them, and asked why they would come to him for help after expelling him from their county. However, the elders swore by the Lord that they would accept him as their leader, so he agreed to go with them.

Then Jephthah sent messengers to the king of Ammon, to ask why his people were attacking Gilead. The king said that Israel had taken away their land, but Jephthah recounted to them the history of Israel’s time in the wilderness, specifically pointing out that they not made war with the nations of Canaan. The only exception was the Amorite king Sihon’s attack on Israel, in which the Israelites defended themselves and defeated the Amorites. So, Jephthah explained that Israel had not taken land from the Ammonites. But the people of Ammon did not listen, and prepared for war.

While preparing his army against the people of Ammon, Jephthah made a vow to the Lord: if He would grant Gilead victory, Jephthah would make a burnt offering of the first thing which came out from his house upon his return home. Battle ensued, and the army of Jephthah utterly defeated Ammon.

When Jephthah returned home, his daughter – his only child – came out of the house to greet him with music and dancing. He tore his clothes in despair, and told her about his vow to the Lord. His daughter told him to keep his word, and asked to be left alone for two months to lament her virginity. Then, when the time came, Jephthah carried out his vow to the Lord.

*****

Jephthah’s dealings with both the Ammonites and his own family show that serving the Lord leads us to seek peace, not conflict or war. His account of the Israelites’ struggles showed that his people had only defended themselves against other nations, but had not fanned the flames of war. We are to do the work of making peace in our lives, while upholding and defending what is true (see Swedenborg’s work, Arcana Caelestia 1683).

The people of Ammon stand for knowing what is true, but then corrupting that truth to live a life based in falsities. For example, if we know the Lord regenerates us, and then tell ourselves that we no longer hold any responsibility for our eternal state, we have falsified the truth. This view completely distorts the truth: the Lord regenerates us as we work to live righteously (see Swedenborg’s work, Sacred Scripture 18[3]).

The spiritual meaning of a ‘daughter’ is an affection for spiritual truths and the life they offer. Affection is the offspring of feeling delight in truths; as we develop these affections, we learn to recognize that they come from the Lord, for he is the source of all good things (Arcana Caelestia 3336[2]).

Jephthah’s daughter was his deepest love, his greatest affection. She was a virgin, representing the spiritual qualities of purity and innocence. Her request for two months of solitude can be understood as our need to reflect during any giving to the Lord, to be sure that our intentions are pure, without any selfish expectations (see Swedenborg’s work, Divine Providence 121).

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Judges 11

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1 Now Jephthah the Gileadite was a mighty man of valour, and he was the son of an harlot: and Gilead begat Jephthah.

2 And Gilead's wife bare him sons; and his wife's sons grew up, and they thrust out Jephthah, and said unto him, Thou shalt not inherit in our father's house; for thou art the son of a strange woman.

3 Then Jephthah fled from his brethren, and dwelt in the land of Tob: and there were gathered vain men to Jephthah, and went out with him.

4 And it came to pass in process of time, that the children of Ammon made war against Israel.

5 And it was so, that when the children of Ammon made war against Israel, the elders of Gilead went to fetch Jephthah out of the land of Tob:

6 And they said unto Jephthah, Come, and be our captain, that we may fight with the children of Ammon.

7 And Jephthah said unto the elders of Gilead, Did not ye hate me, and expel me out of my father's house? and why are ye come unto me now when ye are in distress?

8 And the elders of Gilead said unto Jephthah, Therefore we turn again to thee now, that thou mayest go with us, and fight against the children of Ammon, and be our head over all the inhabitants of Gilead.

9 And Jephthah said unto the elders of Gilead, If ye bring me home again to fight against the children of Ammon, and the LORD deliver them before me, shall I be your head?

10 And the elders of Gilead said unto Jephthah, The LORD be witness between us, if we do not so according to thy words.

11 Then Jephthah went with the elders of Gilead, and the people made him head and captain over them: and Jephthah uttered all his words before the LORD in Mizpeh.

12 And Jephthah sent messengers unto the king of the children of Ammon, saying, What hast thou to do with me, that thou art come against me to fight in my land?

13 And the king of the children of Ammon answered unto the messengers of Jephthah, Because Israel took away my land, when they came up out of Egypt, from Arnon even unto Jabbok, and unto Jordan: now therefore restore those lands again peaceably.

14 And Jephthah sent messengers again unto the king of the children of Ammon:

15 And said unto him, Thus saith Jephthah, Israel took not away the land of Moab, nor the land of the children of Ammon:

16 But when Israel came up from Egypt, and walked through the wilderness unto the Red sea, and came to Kadesh;

17 Then Israel sent messengers unto the king of Edom, saying, Let me, I pray thee, pass through thy land: but the king of Edom would not hearken thereto. And in like manner they sent unto the king of Moab: but he would not consent: and Israel abode in Kadesh.

18 Then they went along through the wilderness, and compassed the land of Edom, and the land of Moab, and came by the east side of the land of Moab, and pitched on the other side of Arnon, but came not within the border of Moab: for Arnon was the border of Moab.

19 And Israel sent messengers unto Sihon king of the Amorites, the king of Heshbon; and Israel said unto him, Let us pass, we pray thee, through thy land into my place.

20 But Sihon trusted not Israel to pass through his coast: but Sihon gathered all his people together, and pitched in Jahaz, and fought against Israel.

21 And the LORD God of Israel delivered Sihon and all his people into the hand of Israel, and they smote them: so Israel possessed all the land of the Amorites, the inhabitants of that country.

22 And they possessed all the coasts of the Amorites, from Arnon even unto Jabbok, and from the wilderness even unto Jordan.

23 So now the LORD God of Israel hath dispossessed the Amorites from before his people Israel, and shouldest thou possess it?

24 Wilt not thou possess that which Chemosh thy god giveth thee to possess? So whomsoever the LORD our god shall drive out from before us, them will we possess.

25 And now art thou any thing better than Balak the son of Zippor, king of Moab? did he ever strive against Israel, or did he ever fight against them,

26 While Israel dwelt in Heshbon and her towns, and in Aroer and her towns, and in all the cities that be along by the coasts of Arnon, three hundred years? why therefore did ye not recover them within that time?

27 Wherefore I have not sinned against thee, but thou doest me wrong to war against me: the LORD the Judge be Judge this day between the children of Israel and the children of Ammon.

28 Howbeit the king of the children of Ammon hearkened not unto the words of Jephthah which he sent him.

29 Then the Spirit of the LORD came upon Jephthah, and he passed over Gilead, and Manasseh, and passed over Mizpeh of Gilead, and from Mizpeh of Gilead he passed over unto the children of Ammon.

30 And Jephthah vowed a vow unto the LORD, and said, If thou shalt without fail deliver the children of Ammon into mine hands,

31 Then it shall be, that whatsoever cometh forth of the doors of my house to meet me, when I return in peace from the children of Ammon, shall surely be the LORD's, and I will offer it up for a burnt offering.

32 So Jephthah passed over unto the children of Ammon to fight against them; and the LORD delivered them into his hands.

33 And he smote them from Aroer, even till thou come to Minnith, even twenty cities, and unto the plain of the vineyards, with a very great slaughter. Thus the children of Ammon were subdued before the children of Israel.

34 And Jephthah came to Mizpeh unto his house, and, behold, his daughter came out to meet him with timbrels and with dances: and she was his only child; beside her he had neither son nor daughter.

35 And it came to pass, when he saw her, that he rent his clothes, and said, Alas, my daughter! thou hast brought me very low, and thou art one of them that trouble me: for I have opened my mouth unto the LORD, and I cannot go back.

36 And she said unto him, My father, if thou hast opened thy mouth unto the LORD, do to me according to that which hath proceeded out of thy mouth; forasmuch as the LORD hath taken vengeance for thee of thine enemies, even of the children of Ammon.

37 And she said unto her father, Let this thing be done for me: let me alone two months, that I may go up and down upon the mountains, and bewail my virginity, I and my fellows.

38 And he said, Go. And he sent her away for two months: and she went with her companions, and bewailed her virginity upon the mountains.

39 And it came to pass at the end of two months, that she returned unto her father, who did with her according to his vow which he had vowed: and she knew no man. And it was a custom in Israel,

40 That the daughters of Israel went yearly to lament the daughter of Jephthah the Gileadite four days in a year.