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5 Mose 24

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1 Wenn jemand ein Weib nimmt und ehelicht sie, und sie nicht Gnade findet vor seinen Augen um etwa einer Unlust willen, so soll er einen Scheidebrief schreiben und ihr in die Hand geben und sie aus seinem Hause lassen.

2 Wenn sie dann aus seinem Hause gegangen ist und hingehet und wird eines andern Weib,

3 und derselbe andere Mann ihr auch gram wird und einen Scheidebrief schreibt und ihr in die Hand gibt und sie aus seinem Hause lässet; oder so derselbe andere Mann stirbt, der sie zum Weibe genommen hatte:

4 so kann sie ihr erster Mann, der sie ausließ, nicht wiederum nehmen, daß sie sein Weib sei, nachdem sie ist unrein; denn solches ist ein Greuel vor dem HERRN, auf daß du das Land nicht zu Sünden machest, das dir der HERR, dein Gott, zum Erbe gegeben hat.

5 Wenn jemand neulich ein Weib genommen hat, der soll nicht in die Heerfahrt ziehen, und man soll ihm nichts auflegen. Er soll frei in seinem Hause sein ein Jahr lang, daß er fröhlich sei mit seinem Weibe, das er genommen hat.

6 Du sollst nicht zu Pfande nehmen den untersten und obersten Mühlstein; denn er hat dir die Seele zu Pfand gesetzt.

7 Wenn jemand funden wird, der aus seinen Brüdern eine Seele stiehlt aus den Kindern Israel und versetzt oder verkauft sie, solcher Dieb soll sterben, daß du das Böse von dir tust.

8 Hüte dich vor der Plage des Aussatzes, daß du mit Fleiß haltest und tust alles, das dich die Priester, die Leviten, lehren; und wie sie euch gebieten, das sollt ihr halten und danach tun.

9 Bedenke, was der HERR, dein Gott, tat mit Mirjam auf dem Wege, da ihr aus Ägypten zoget.

10 Wenn du deinem Nächsten irgend eine Schuld borgest, so sollst du nicht in sein Haus gehen und ihm ein Pfand nehmen,

11 sondern du sollst draußen stehen, und er, dem du borgest, soll sein Pfand zu dir herausbringen.

12 Ist er aber ein Dürftiger, so sollst du dich nicht schlafen legen über seinem Pfande,

13 sondern sollst ihm sein Pfand wiedergeben, wenn die Sonne untergehet, daß er in seinem Kleide schlafe und segne dich. Das wird dir vor dem HERRN, deinem Gott, eine Gerechtigkeit sein.

14 Du sollst dem Dürftigen und Armen seinen Lohn nicht vorbehalten, er sei von deinen Brüdern oder Fremdling, der in deinem Lande und in deinen Toren ist,

15 sondern sollst ihm seinen Lohn des Tages geben, daß die Sonne nicht drüber untergehe; denn er ist dürftig und erhält seine Seele damit, auf daß er nicht wider dich den HERRN anrufe, und sei dir Sünde.

16 Die Väter sollen nicht für die Kinder noch die Kinder für die Väter sterben, sondern ein jeglicher soll für seine Sünde sterben.

17 Du sollst das Recht des Fremdlings und des Waisen nicht beugen und sollst der Witwe nicht das Kleid zum Pfande nehmen.

18 Denn du sollst gedenken, daß du Knecht in Ägypten gewesen bist, und der HERR, dein Gott, dich von dannen erlöset hat. Darum gebiete ich dir, daß du solches tust.

19 Wenn du auf deinem Acker geerntet hast und einer Garbe vergessen hast auf dem Acker, so sollst du nicht umkehren, dieselbe zu holen, sondern sie soll des Fremdlings, des Waisen und der Witwe sein, auf daß dich der HERR, dein Gott, segne in allen Werken deiner Hände.

20 Wenn du deine Ölbäume hast geschüttelt, so sollst du nicht nachschütteln; es soll des Fremdlings, des Waisen und der Witwe sein.

21 Wenn du deinen Weinberg gelesen hast, so sollst du nicht nachlesen; es soll des Fremdlings, des Waisen und der Witwe sein.

22 Und sollst gedenken, daß du Knecht in Ägyptenland gewesen bist; darum gebiete ich dir, daß du solches tust.

   

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Apocalypse Explained # 238

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238. And miserable and poor, signifies that they do not know that they have neither knowledges of truth nor knowledges of good. This is evident from the signification of "miserable" or "pitiable," as meaning those who are in no knowledges of truth; and from the signification of "poor" as meaning those who are in no knowledges of good. That this is the meaning of "miserable" and "poor" is evident from many passages in the Word, and also from this, that spiritual misery and poverty are nothing else than a lack of the knowledges of truth and good, for the spirit is then miserable and poor; but when the spirit possesses these it is rich and wealthy; therefore also "riches" and "wealth" in the Word signifies spiritual riches and wealth, which are the knowledges of truth and good (as was shown just above, n. 236).

[2] "Miserable and poor" are terms used in many passages in the Word. He who is ignorant of the spiritual sense of the Word believes that by these no others are meant than the miserable and poor in the world. These, however, are not meant, but those who are not in truths and goods and in the knowledges thereof; and by the "miserable" indeed, those who are not in truths because not in the knowledges of truths, and by the "poor" those who are not in goods because not in the knowledges of goods. As these two, truths and goods, are meant by these two expressions, the two in many places are mentioned together; as in the passages that now follow. In David:

I am miserable and poor, Lord, remember me (Psalms 40:17; 70:5). Incline thine ear, O Jehovah, answer me, for I am miserable and poor (Psalms 86:1).

The "miserable and poor" here mean evidently those who are miserable and poor, not in respect to worldly riches but in respect to spiritual riches, as David says this of himself; therefore he also said, "Jehovah, incline thine ear, and answer me."

[3] In the same:

The wicked draw out the sword and bend their bow, to cast down the miserable and poor (Psalms 37:14).

Here also "the miserable and poor" mean evidently those who are spiritually such and yet long for the knowledges of truth and good, for it is said that "the wicked draw out the sword and bend the bow," "sword" signifying falsity combating against truth and striving to destroy it, and "bow" the doctrine of falsity fighting against the doctrine of truth; therefore it is said that they do this "to cast down the miserable and poor." (That "sword" signifies truth combating against falsity, and in a contrary sense, falsity combating against truth, see above, n. 131; and that "bow" signifies doctrine in both senses, see Arcana Coelestia 2686, 2709)

[4] So in another place in the same:

The wicked man hath persecuted the miserable and poor and the broken in heart, to slay them (Psalms 109:16).

In Isaiah:

The fool speaketh folly, and his heart doeth iniquity to practice hypocrisy and to speak error against Jehovah, to make empty the hungry soul, and to make him who thirsteth for drink to want. He counseleth wicked devices to destroy the miserable by words of a lie, even when the poor speaketh judgment (Isaiah 32:6-7).

Here likewise "the miserable and poor" mean those who are destitute of the knowledges of truth and good; therefore it is said that "the wicked counseleth wicked devices to destroy the miserable by the words of a lie, even when the poor speaketh judgment;" "by the words of a lie" means by falsities, and "to speak judgment" is to speak what is right. Because such are treated of, it is also said that he "practices hypocrisy and speaketh error against Jehovah, to make empty the hungry soul and to make him who thirsteth for drink to want." "To practice hypocrisy and to speak error" is to do evil from falsity, and to speak falsity from evil; "to make empty the hungry soul" is to deprive those of the knowledges of good who long for them, and "to make him who thirsteth for drink to want" is to deprive those of the knowledges of truth who long for them.

In the same:

The miserable shall have joy in Jehovah, and the poor of men shall exult in the Holy One of Israel (Isaiah 29:19).

Here also "the miserable and poor" signify those who are in lack of truth and good and yet long for them; of these, and not of those who are miserable and poor in respect to worldly wealth, it is said that they "shall have joy in Jehovah, and shall exult in the Holy One of Israel."

[5] From this it can be seen what is signified by the "miserable and poor" in other passages of the Word, as in the following. In David:

The poor shall not always be forgotten; and the hope of the miserable shall not perish for ever (Psalms 9:18).

In the same:

God shall judge the miserable of the people, He shall save the sons of the poor. He shall deliver the poor when he crieth, and the miserable. He shall spare the weak and the poor, and the souls of the poor He shall save (Psalms 72:4, 12-13).

In the same:

The miserable shall see, they that seek Jehovah 1 shall be glad. For Jehovah heareth the poor (Psalms 69:32-33).

In the same:

Jehovah deliverest the miserable from him that is too strong for him, the poor from them that despoil him (Psalms 35:10).

In the same:

The miserable and the poor praise Thy name (Psalms 74:21; 109:22).

In the same:

I know that Jehovah will maintain the cause of the miserable, and the judgment of the poor (Psalms 140:12).

Also elsewhere (as Isaiah 10:2; Jeremiah 22:16; Ezekiel 16:49; 18:12; 22:29; Amos 8:4; Deuteronomy 15:11; 24:14). "The miserable" and "the poor" are both mentioned in these passages, because it is according to the style of the Word that where truth is spoken of, good is also spoken of; and in a contrary sense, where falsity is spoken of, evil is also spoken of, since they make a one, and as if it were a marriage; this is why "the miserable and the poor" are mentioned together; for, by "the miserable" those deficient in the knowledges of truth are meant, and by "the poor" those deficient in the knowledges of good. (That there is such a marriage almost everywhere in the prophetical parts of the Word, see Arcana Coelestia 683, 793, 801, 2516, 2712, 3004, 3005, 3009, 4138, 5138, 5194, 5502, 6343, 7022, 7945, 8339, 9263, 9314.)

For the same reason it is said in what follows, "and blind and naked;" for by "the blind" one who is in no understanding of truth is meant, and by "the naked" one who is in no understanding and will of good. So in the following verse, "I counsel thee to buy of Me gold tried by fire, and white garments that thou mayest be clothed;" for by "gold tried by fire" the good of love is meant, and by "white garments" the truths of faith. And further, "That the shame of thy nakedness be not manifest; and anoint thine eyes with eye-salve, that thou mayest see," which means, lest evils and falsities be seen. So also elsewhere. But that there is such a marriage in the particulars of the Word, none but those who know its internal sense can see.

Poznámky pod čarou:

1. For "Jehovah" the Hebrew has "God."

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Foundation for their permission to use this translation.