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4 Mose 35

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1 Und Jehova redete zu Mose in den Ebenen Moabs, am Jordan von Jericho, und sprach:

2 Gebiete den Kindern Israel, daß sie von ihrem Erbbesitztum den Leviten Städte zum Wohnen geben; und zu den Städten sollt ihr einen Bezirk rings um dieselben her den Leviten geben.

3 Und die Städte seien ihnen zum Wohnen, und deren Bezirke seien für ihr Vieh und für ihre Habe und für alle ihre Tiere.

4 Und die Bezirke der Städte, welche ihr den Leviten geben sollt, sollen von der Stadtmauer nach außen hin tausend Ellen betragen ringsum;

5 und ihr sollt außerhalb der Stadt auf der Ostseite zweitausend Ellen abmessen, und auf der Südseite zweitausend Ellen, und auf der Westseite zweitausend Ellen und auf der Nordseite zweitausend Ellen, daß die Stadt in der Mitte sei; das sollen die Bezirke ihrer Städte sein.

6 Und die Städte, die ihr den Leviten geben sollt: sechs Zufluchtstädte sind es, die ihr ihnen geben sollt, damit dahin fliehe, wer einen Totschlag begangen hat; und zu diesen hinzu sollt ihr zweiundvierzig Städte geben.

7 Alle die Städte, die ihr den Leviten geben sollt, sie und ihre Bezirke, sollen achtundvierzig Städte sein.

8 Und was die Städte betrifft, die ihr von dem Eigentum der Kinder Israel geben sollt, von dem Stamme, der viel hat, sollt ihr viel nehmen, und von dem, der wenig hat, sollt ihr wenig nehmen; jeder Stamm soll nach Verhältnis seines Erbteils, das er erben wird, von seinen Städten den Leviten geben.

9 Und Jehova redete zu Mose und sprach:

10 Rede zu den Kindern Israel und sprich zu ihnen: Wenn ihr über den Jordan in das Land Kanaan ziehet,

11 so sollt ihr euch Städte bestimmen: Zufluchtstädte sollen sie für euch sein, daß dahin fliehe ein Totschläger, der einen Menschen aus Versehen erschlagen hat.

12 Und die Städte sollen euch zur Zuflucht sein vor dem Rächer, daß der Totschläger nicht sterbe, bis er vor der Gemeinde gestanden hat zum Gericht.

13 Und die Städte, die ihr geben sollt, sollen sechs Zufluchtstädte für euch sein.

14 Drei Städte sollt ihr geben diesseit des Jordan, und Drei Städte sollt ihr geben im Lande Kanaan; Zufluchtstädte sollen sie sein.

15 Den Kindern Israel und dem Fremdling und dem Beisassen in ihrer Mitte sollen diese sechs Städte zur Zuflucht sein, daß dahin fliehe ein jeder, der einen Menschen aus Versehen erschlagen hat.

16 Wenn er ihn aber mit einem eisernen Werkzeug geschlagen hat, daß er gestorben ist, so ist er ein Mörder; der Mörder soll gewißlich getötet werden.

17 Und wenn er ihn mit einem Stein, den er in der Hand führte, wodurch man sterben kann, geschlagen hat, daß er gestorben ist, so ist er ein Mörder; der Mörder soll gewißlich getötet werden.

18 Oder wenn er ihn mit einem hölzernen Werkzeug, das er in der Hand führte, wodurch man sterben kann, geschlagen hat, daß er gestorben ist, so ist er ein Mörder; der Mörder soll gewißlich getötet werden.

19 Der Bluträcher, der soll den Mörder töten; wenn er ihn antrifft, soll er ihn töten.

20 Und wenn er ihn aus Haß gestoßen oder mit Absicht auf ihn geworfen hat, daß er gestorben ist,

21 oder ihn aus Feindschaft mit seiner Hand geschlagen hat, daß er gestorben ist, so soll der Schläger gewißlich getötet werden; er ist ein Mörder; der Bluträcher soll den Mörder töten, wenn er ihn antrifft.

22 Wenn er aber von ungefähr, nicht aus Feindschaft, ihn gestoßen, oder unabsichtlich irgend ein Werkzeug auf ihn geworfen hat,

23 oder, ohne es zu sehen, irgend einen Stein, wodurch man sterben kann, auf ihn hat fallen lassen, daß er gestorben ist, er war ihm aber nicht feind und suchte seinen Schaden nicht:

24 so soll die Gemeinde zwischen dem Schläger und dem Bluträcher nach diesen Rechten richten;

25 und die Gemeinde soll den Totschläger aus der Hand des Bluträchers erretten, und die Gemeinde soll ihn in seine Zufluchtstadt zurückbringen, wohin er geflohen ist; und er soll darin bleiben bis zum Tode des Hohenpriesters, den man mit dem heiligen Öle gesalbt hat.

26 Wenn aber der Totschläger über die Grenze seiner Zufluchtstadt, wohin er geflohen ist, irgend hinausgeht,

27 und der Bluträcher findet ihn außerhalb der Grenze seiner Zufluchtstadt, und der Bluträcher tötet den Totschläger, so hat er keine Blutschuld.

28 Denn er soll in seiner Zufluchtstadt bleiben bis zum Tode des Hohenpriesters; und nach dem Tode des Hohenpriesters darf der Totschläger in das Land seines Eigentums zurückkehren. -

29 Und dies soll euch zu einer Rechtssatzung sein bei euren Geschlechtern in allen euren Wohnsitzen.

30 Jeder, der einen Menschen erschlägt: auf die Aussage von Zeugen soll man den Mörder töten; aber ein einzelner Zeuge kann nicht wider einen Menschen aussagen, daß er sterbe.

31 Und ihr sollt keine Sühne annehmen für die Seele eines Mörders, der schuldig ist zu sterben, sondern er soll gewißlich getötet werden.

32 Auch sollt ihr keine Sühne annehmen für den in seine Zufluchtstadt Geflüchteten, daß er vor dem Tode des Priesters zurückkehre, um im Lande zu wohnen.

33 Und ihr sollt das Land nicht entweihen, in welchem ihr seid; denn das Blut, das entweiht das Land; und für das Land kann keine Sühnung getan werden wegen des Blutes, das darin vergossen worden, außer durch das Blut dessen, der es vergossen hat.

34 Und du sollst nicht das Land verunreinigen, in welchem ihr wohnet, in dessen Mitte ich wohne; denn ich, Jehova, wohne inmitten der Kinder Israel.

   

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Arcana Coelestia # 4197

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4197. And Laban said, This heap is a witness between me and thee this day; therefore he called the name of it Galeed. That this signifies that it will be so to eternity, hence its quality again, is evident from the signification of a “heap,” as being good (see n. 4192); and from the signification of a “witness,” as being the confirmation of good by truth (concerning which below); from the signification of “this day,” as being eternity (n. 2838, 3998); and from the signification of “calling a name,” as being the quality (n. 144, 145, 1754, 2009, 2724, 3421). The quality itself is contained in the name “Galeed;” for in ancient times the names imposed contained the quality (n. 340, 1946, 2643, 3422). From this it is manifest what is signified by, “Laban said, This heap is a witness between me and thee this day; therefore he called the name of it Galeed,” namely, a testification of the conjunction of the good here signified by “Laban” with the good Divine of the Lord’s natural, consequently the conjunction of the Lord with the Gentiles by good; for this good is what is now represented by Laban (n. 4189). The truths of this good are what testify of the conjunction; and yet so long as they live in the world their good is aside, because they have not truths Divine. But they who live in this good (that is, in mutual charity), although they have no truths Divine direct from the Divine fountain (that is, from the Word), they nevertheless have not their good closed up, but such that it can be opened; and it also is opened in the other life, when they are there instructed in the truths of faith, and concerning the Lord. It is otherwise with Christians, of whom those who are in mutual charity, and still more those who are in love to the Lord, are in direct good while living in the world, because they are in truths Divine; and therefore they enter into heaven without such instruction, provided there have not been in their truths falsities, which must first be dispelled. But those Christians who have not lived in charity have closed heaven against themselves, and very many of them to such a degree that it cannot be opened; for they know truths, and deny them, and also harden themselves against them, if not with the mouth, yet in the heart.

[2] Laban’s first calling the heap “Jegar-sahadutha” in his own idiom, and then “Galeed” in the idiom of Canaan, when both have nearly the same meaning, is for the sake of the application, and of the conjunction thereby. To speak in the idiom of Canaan, or “with the lip of Canaan,” is to apply one’s self to the Divine; for by “Canaan” is signified the Lord’s kingdom, and in the supreme sense the the Lord, (n. 1607, 3038, 3705); as is manifest in Isaiah:

In that day there shall be five cities in the land of Egypt that speak with the lips of Canaan, and that swear to Jehovah Zebaoth. In that day shall there be an altar to Jehovah in the midst of the land of Egypt, and a pillar at the border thereof to Jehovah. And it shall be for a sign and for a witness to Jehovah Zebaoth in the land of Egypt (Isaiah 19:18-20).

[3] That a “witness” denotes the confirmation of good by truth, and of truth by good, and that hence a “testimony” denotes the good from which is truth, and the truth which is from good, may be seen from the Word in other passages. That a “witness” denotes the confirmation of good by truth and of truth by good, is evident from the following passages.

In Joshua:

Joshua said unto the people, Ye are witnesses against yourselves, that ye have chosen Jehovah to serve Him. And they said, We are witnesses. Now therefore put away the strange gods which are in the midst of you, and incline your heart unto Jehovah the God of Israel. And the people said unto Joshua, Jehovah our God will we serve, and unto His voice will we be obedient. And Joshua made a covenant with the people that day, and set them a statute and a judgment in Shechem. And Joshua wrote these words in the book of the law of God; and he took a great stone, and set it up there under an oak that was in the sanctuary of Jehovah. And Joshua said unto all the people, Behold, this stone shall be for a witness to us, for it hath heard all the words of Jehovah which He spake unto us; and it shall be to you for a witness, lest ye deny your God (Josh. 24:22-27).

That a “witness” here is confirmation, is manifest, and indeed the confirmation of a covenant, and accordingly of conjunction; for a “covenant” signifies conjunction (n. 665, 666, 1023, 1038, 1864, 1996, 2003, 2021). And as conjunction with Jehovah or the Lord is not possible except by good; nor the good which conjoins except that which has its quality from truth; it follows that a “witness” denotes the confirmation of good by truth. The good here meant is conjunction with Jehovah or the Lord by their choosing Him to serve Him; the truth by which the confirmation was made being the “stone.” (That a “stone” denotes truth may be seen above, n. 643, 1298, 3720) In the supreme sense, the “stone” is the Lord Himself, because all truth is from Him, and therefore He is called the “Stone of Israel” (Genesis 49:24); and it is also said, “Behold, this stone shall be for a witness to us, for it hath heard all the words of Jehovah which He spake unto us.”

[4] In John:

I will give unto my two witnesses, that they shall prophesy a thousand two hundred and sixty days, clothed in sackcloth. These are the two olive-trees and the two lampstands that stand before the God of the earth. And if any man desire to hurt them, fire proceedeth out of their mouth, and devoureth their enemies; these have power to shut heaven. And when they shall have finished their testimony, the beast that cometh up out of the abyss shall make war with them, and shall overcome them, and shall kill them. And after three days and a half, the breath of life from God entered into them, so that they stood upon their feet (Revelation 11:3-7, 11).

That the “two witnesses” here mentioned are good and truth (that is, the good in which is truth, and the truth which is from good), both confirmed in hearts, is manifest from its being said that the two witnesses are the two olive-trees and the two lampstands. (That an “olive-tree” is such good, may be seen above, n. 886.) The “two olive-trees” denote celestial good and spiritual good. Celestial good is that of love to the Lord, and spiritual good is that of charity toward the neighbor. The “lampstands” are the truths of these goods, as will appear when of the Lord’s Divine mercy the subject of lampstands is treated of. That these goods and truths have power to shut heaven and to open heaven may be seen in the preface to the twenty-second chapter. That “the beast out of the abyss (that is, out of hell) will kill them,” signifies the vastation of good and truth within the church; and that “the spirit of life from God entered into them, so that they stood upon their feet,” signifies a new church.

[5] That as in ancient times heaps were placed as witnesses, so afterwards were altars, is evident in Joshua:

The Reubenites and the Gadites said, Behold the pattern of the altar of Jehovah which our fathers made, not for burnt-offering, and not for sacrifice; but it is a witness between us and you. And the sons of Reuben and the sons of Gad called the altar, A witness between us that Jehovah is God (Josh. 22:28, 34).

(An “altar” is the good of love, and in the supreme sense the Lord Himself, n. 921, 2777, 2811.) In the internal sense a “witness” denotes the confirmation of good by truth.

[6] As by a “witness” is signified the confirmation of good by truth and of truth by good, therefore in the supreme sense by a “witness” is signified the Lord, because He is the Divine truth that confirms; as in Isaiah:

I will make an everlasting covenant with you, even the true mercies of David; behold I have given Him for a Witness to the peoples, a prince and commander to the peoples (Isaiah 55:4).

In John:

And from Jesus Christ, who is the faithful Witness, the firstborn from the dead, and the prince of the kings of the earth (Revelation 1:5).

In the same:

These things saith the faithful and true Witness, the beginning of the creation of God (Revelation 3:14).

[7] The command given in the representative church, that all truth shall stand on the word of two or three witnesses, and not on that of one (Numbers 35:30; Deuteronomy 17:6-7; 19:15; Matthew 18:16), is founded on the Divine law that one truth does not confirm good, but a number of truths; for one truth without connection with others is not confirmatory, but a number together, because from one may be seen another. One does not produce any form, and thus not any quality, but only a number that are connected in a series. For as one tone does not produce any melody, still less harmony, so neither does one truth. These are the things on which the law in question is founded, although in the outward form it appears to be founded in the civic state; the one however is not contrary to the other, as is also the case with the precepts of the Decalogue, concerning which see above (n. 2609).

[8] That a “testimony” denotes the good from which is truth, and the truth which is from good, follows from what has been said; and also from the fact that the ten precepts of the Decalogue written upon the tables of stone are called in one word the “testimony,” as in Moses:

Jehovah gave unto Moses, when He had made an end of speaking with him upon Mount Sinai, the two tables of the testimony, tables of stone, written with the finger of God (Exodus 31:18).

In the same:

Moses went down from the mount, and the two tables of the testimony were in his hand, tables that were written on their two sides (Exodus 32:15).

And as the tables were placed in the ark, the ark is called the “ark of the testimony,” as in Moses:

Jehovah said to Moses, Thou shalt put into the ark the testimony which I shall give thee (Exodus 25:16, 21).

Moses took and put the testimony into the ark (Exodus 40:20).

In the same:

I will meet with thee, and I will speak with thee from above the mercy-seat from between the two cherubim which are upon the ark of the testimony (Exodus 25:22).

In the same:

That the cloud of incense may cover the mercy-seat, that is upon the testimony (Leviticus 16:13).

In the same:

The rods of the twelve tribes were left in the tent of meeting before the testimony (Numbers 17:4).

(That from this the ark was also called the “ark of the testimony,” see, besides the passage cited, Exodus 25:22; 31:7; Revelation 15:5)

[9] The precepts of the Decalogue were therefore called the “testimony,” because they were of the covenant, thus of the conjunction between the Lord and man; which conjunction cannot come into existence unless man keeps the precepts, not only in external form, but also in internal. What the internal form of these precepts is, may be seen above (n. 2609); and therefore it is good confirmed by truth, and truth derived from good, which is signified by the “testimony.” Because this is so, the tables were also called the “tables of the covenant;” and the ark, the “ark of the covenant.” From all this it is manifest what in the genuine sense is signified in the Word by the “testimony” (as in Deuteronomy 4:45; 6:17, 20; Isaiah 8:16; 2 Kings 17:15; Psalms 19:7; 25:10; 78:5; 93:5; 119:2, 22, 24, 59, 79, 88, 138, 167; 122:3-4; Revelation 6:9; 12:17; 19:10).

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Foundation for the permission to use this translation.

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