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Richter 1

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1 Und es geschah nach dem Tode Josuas, da befragten die Kinder Israel Jehova und sprachen: Wer von uns soll zuerst wider die Kanaaniter hinaufziehen, um wider sie zu streiten?

2 Und Jehova sprach: Juda soll hinaufziehen; siehe, ich habe das Land in seine Hand gegeben.

3 Und Juda sprach zu Simeon, seinem Bruder: Ziehe mit mir hinauf in mein Los, und laß uns wider die Kanaaniter streiten, so will auch ich mit dir in dein Los ziehen. Und Simeon zog mit ihm.

4 Und Juda zog hinauf, und Jehova gab die Kanaaniter und die Perisiter in ihre Hand; und sie schlugen sie zu Besek, zehntausend Mann.

5 Und sie fanden den Adoni-Besek und stritten wider ihn; und sie schlugen die Kanaaniter und die Perisiter.

6 Und Adoni-Besek floh; und sie jagten ihm nach und ergriffen ihn und hieben ihm die Daumen seiner Hände und seiner Füße ab.

7 Da sprach Adoni-Besek: Siebzig Könige, denen die Daumen ihrer Hände und ihrer Füße abgehauen waren, lasen auf unter meinem Tische; so wie ich getan habe, also hat Gott mir vergolten. Und sie brachten ihn nach Jerusalem, und er starb daselbst.

8 Und die Kinder Juda stritten wider Jerusalem und nahmen es ein und schlugen es mit der Schärfe des Schwertes, und die Stadt steckten sie in Brand.

9 Und danach zogen die Kinder Juda hinab, um wider die Kanaaniter zu streiten, die das Gebirge und den Süden und die Niederung bewohnten.

10 Und Juda zog wider die Kanaaniter, die in Hebron wohnten; der Name Hebrons war aber vordem Kirjath-Arba; und sie schlugen Scheschai und Achiman und Talmai.

11 Und er zog von dannen wider die Bewohner von Debir; der Name von Debir war aber vordem Kirjath-Sepher.

12 Und Kaleb sprach: Wer Kirjath-Sepher schlägt und es einnimmt, dem gebe ich meine Tochter Aksa zum Weibe.

13 Da nahm es Othniel ein, der Sohn Kenas', der jüngere Bruder Kalebs; und er gab ihm seine Tochter Aksa zum Weibe.

14 Und es geschah, als sie einzog, da trieb sie ihn an, ein Feld von ihrem Vater zu fordern. Und sie sprang von dem Esel herab. Und Kaleb sprach zu ihr: Was ist dir?

15 Und sie sprach zu ihm: Gib mir einen Segen; denn ein Mittagsland hast du mir gegeben, so gib mir auch Wasserquellen! Da gab ihr Kaleb die oberen Quellen und die unteren Quellen.

16 Und die Kinder des Keniters, des Schwagers Moses, waren mit den Kindern Juda aus der Palmenstadt heraufgezogen in die Wüste Juda, die im Süden von Arad liegt; und sie gingen hin und wohnten bei dem Volke.

17 Und Juda zog mit seinem Bruder Simeon hin, und sie schlugen die Kanaaniter, welche Zephat bewohnten; und sie verbannten es und gaben der Stadt den Namen Horma.

18 Und Juda nahm Gasa ein und sein Gebiet, und Askalon und sein Gebiet, und Ekron und sein Gebiet.

19 Und Jehova war mit Juda, und er nahm das Gebirge in Besitz; denn die Bewohner der Niederung trieb er nicht aus, weil sie eiserne Wagen hatten.

20 Und sie gaben dem Kaleb Hebron, so wie Mose geredet hatte; und er vertrieb daraus die drei Söhne Enaks.

21 Aber die Kinder Benjamin trieben die Jebusiter, die Bewohner von Jerusalem, nicht aus; und die Jebusiter haben bei den Kindern Benjamin in Jerusalem gewohnt bis auf diesen Tag.

22 Und das Haus Joseph, auch sie zogen nach Bethel hinauf, und Jehova war mit ihnen.

23 Und das Haus Joseph ließ Bethel auskundschaften; vordem war aber Lus der Name der Stadt.

24 Und die Wachen sahen einen Mann aus der Stadt herauskommen, und sie sprachen zu ihm: Zeige uns doch den Zugang zu der Stadt, so werden wir dir Güte erweisen.

25 Und er zeigte ihnen den Zugang zu der Stadt. Und sie schlugen die Stadt mit der Schärfe des Schwertes, aber den Mann und sein ganzes Geschlecht ließen sie gehen.

26 Und der Mann zog in das Land der Hethiter; und er baute eine Stadt und gab ihr den Namen Lus. Das ist ihr Name bis auf diesen Tag.

27 Aber Manasse trieb nicht aus Beth-Schean und seine Tochterstädte, und Taanak und seine Tochterstädte, und die Bewohner von Dor und seine Tochterstädte, und die Bewohner von Jibleam und seine Tochterstädte, und die Bewohner von Megiddo und seine Tochterstädte; und die Kanaaniter wollten in diesem Lande bleiben.

28 Und es geschah als Israel erstarkte, da machte es die Kanaaniter fronpflichtig; aber es trieb sie keineswegs aus. -

29 Und Ephraim trieb die Kanaaniter nicht aus, die zu Geser wohnten; und die Kanaaniter wohnten in ihrer Mitte zu Geser. -

30 Sebulon trieb nicht aus die Bewohner von Kitron und die Bewohner von Nahalol; und die Kanaaniter wohnten in ihrer Mitte und wurden fronpflichtig. -

31 Aser trieb nicht aus die Bewohner von Akko und die Bewohner von Zidon und Achlab und Aksib und Helba und Aphik und Rechob;

32 und die Aseriter wohnten inmitten der Kanaaniter, der Bewohner des Landes, denn sie trieben sie nicht aus.

33 Naphtali trieb nicht aus die Bewohner von Beth-Semes und die Bewohner von Beth-Anath; und er wohnte inmitten der Kanaaniter, der Bewohner des Landes; aber die Bewohner von Beth-Semes und von Beth-Anath wurden ihm fronpflichtig.

34 Und die Amoriter drängten die Kinder Dan ins Gebirge, denn sie gestatteten ihnen nicht, in die Niederung herabzukommen.

35 Und die Amoriter wollten im Gebirge Heres bleiben, in Ajjalon und in Schaalbim; aber die Hand des Hauses Joseph war schwer, und sie wurden fronpflichtig.

36 Und die Grenze der Amoriter war von der Anhöhe Akrabbim, von dem Felsen an und aufwärts.

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Exploring the Meaning of Judges 1

Napsal(a) New Christian Bible Study Staff, Julian Duckworth

Judges 1: The continuing conquest of Canaan.

The book of Judges follows on almost seamlessly from Joshua. It is called ‘Judges’ because a number of regional leaders arose and made judgments for the people, often actively defending Israel from outside oppression. A pattern emerges in Judges: Israel disobeys the Lord – an enemy oppresses Israel – the Lord raises a leader – the leader is victorious against the enemy – there is peace for a time – Israel disobeys the Lord again.

There were twelve judges in all, about whom we either hear very much or next to nothing. The number twelve (as with the twelve tribes of Israel, the twelve disciples, and other examples in the Word), stands for all the various aspects of spirituality that we need to understand, develop, and put to use. A clue is often found in the meaning of their names, because biblical names are nearly always linked to spiritual qualities, such as ‘courage’, or ‘one who walks with God’ (see Swedenborg’s work, Arcana Caelestia 10216).

The theme of this first chapter is the further conquest of the land. The Israelites asked the Lord, “Who shall go up and fight for us?” And the Lord said that the tribe of Judah would go, because the Lord had delivered the land into their hand. Judah then called on the tribe of Simeon to join them, and they won many battles against the Canaanites still in the land.

One Canaanite king, Adoni-bezek, fled and was captured by the Israelites, who then cut off his thumbs and big toes. Adoni-bezek said that God had dealt justice by punishing him, as he had previously cut off seventy kings’ thumbs and big toes, and they had to gather scraps of food under his table.

Then Caleb, a leader of Israel during the journey through the wilderness, said that the man who took Kirjath-sepher (Caleb’s inheritance city) from the Canaanites would marry his daughter, Achsah. Caleb’s nephew, Othniel, took the city and Achsah was given to him. Achsah asked her father for the blessing of springs of water, and Caleb gave her the upper and lower springs.

Next, spies were sent to Bethel. They met a man there, and said that if he directed them the entrance to the city, they would show him mercy. He helped them, and they took the city but showed mercy on the man and all his family. After all of this, the man built a new city called Luz in the land of the Hittites.

The chapter ends by listing the twelve tribes, as well as the Canaanite peoples who remained unsubdued in each of their territories.

*****

The overarching spiritual theme of Judges is the process of our regeneration. As the opening of Judges reminds us, there were still parts of the land and various tribes that Israel needed to conquer. In fact, the Israelites never finished driving enemies out of their land. In the same way, we need to control our inherited human nature, but it is never completely wiped out (see Swedenborg’s work, Divine Love and Wisdom 238).

During regeneration, we will discover deeper and subtler self-centered states in ourselves, which need to be mitigated. Each judge raised by the Lord stands for our determination to deal with these states, using the Word as a guide. This brings us a period of peace, followed by the start of another personal discovery.

When the Israelites chose which tribes would fight for them, it was no coincidence that they selected Judah and Simeon. Judah (who was a prominent tribe of Israel) and Simeon (who usually acts with another tribe) stand for the highest things in our spiritual life: our love for the Lord, and our obedience to the Lord’s Word. Choosing Judah and Simeon as our strength will always bring victory in our regeneration (see Arcana Caelestia 3654 and Apocalypse Explained 443).

The spiritual meaning in the story of Adoni-bezek is about taking away the power of our self-love, as cutting off thumbs and big toes makes hands and feet virtually useless. When we work on our lower nature, we are to minimize its control over us. It is the same with any influences from hell; their power must end. Adoni-bezek’s comment about doing the same to seventy kings vividly describes how self-love can only lead to our downfall (Arcana Caelestia 10062[4]).

The delightful story of Caleb, Achsah and Othniel illustrates that after battle, there is rest and reward. In the same way, we strengthen the ‘marriage’ of good and truth in us after overcoming spiritual struggles (see Swedenborg’s work, Divine Love and Wisdom 409). The springs of water given to Achsah stand for the truths which flow into our mind, both about the ‘upper’ things of the Lord and heaven, and those ‘lower’ ones about spiritual life and responsibility.

The episode about the man from Bethel means that when we open up our life to the Lord to allow Him to guide us, we become blessed (Arcana Caelestia 3928). Then our life can be re-built in very practical and good ways, represented by the Hittites.

The final mention of the Canaanites still in the land points to the continuing presence of our unregenerate qualities. Although we may progress through the work of regeneration, we are still human, and we will always have flaws left to improve on.

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Arcana Coelestia # 10030

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10030. 'Covering the intestines' means which exists on last or lowest levels. This is clear from the meaning of 'the intestines' as last or lowest things. The reason why the intestines have this meaning is that they are the last and lowest of a person's internal organs, not only as regards their location but also as regards their function. As regards their location, they are below the stomach, to which they are attached; and as regards their function, they are the last organs to receive the things undergoing digestion in a person. Above them, as is well known, come the stomach, liver, pancreas, and spleen; higher still, the heart and lungs; and still higher, the head. It is also well known that these higher parts of the body discharge their filth and waste products into the intestines and banish them through these, partly by way of the stomach, partly by way of the ducts from the liver - called the hepatic ducts, and also the cystic or biliary ducts - and partly by way of the ducts from the pancreas, which like all the other ducts have their outlet into the duodenum. From all this it is now evident why last or lowest things are meant by 'the intestines'. The fact that the internal organs in the human body mean such things as belong to the spiritual world becomes clear from what has been abundantly shown at the ends of a large number of chapters where the correspondence of the Grand Man, which is heaven, with everything present in the human being has been the subject. For what specifically corresponds to the intestines, see 5392. The hells correspond to the impurities and excrement cast out from them, 5393-5396.

[2] Since several organs of the body are mentioned in what immediately follows, such as the lesser omentum, liver, kidneys, legs, breast, flank, and head, and the arrangement of them in sacrifices is dealt with, it must first be shown here that by parts of the human body in general the kinds of things that exist in the Grand Man, that is, in heaven, are meant. Here let the meaning of just those parts of the body which are used in Daniel to describe Nebuchadnezzar's statue be indicated. There, in Chapter 2:32-33, it says that its head was pure gold, breast and arms were silver, belly and side bronze, legs iron, and feet partly iron and partly clay. Anyone who does not know that the Lord's Word is spiritual supposes that these things were said in reference to earthly kingdoms. But the Word is not dealing with earthly kingdoms, only with God's kingdom, thus with heaven and the Church. The reason why these are described by means of the kinds of things that exist in earthly lands and their kingdoms is that worldly and earthly things correspond to the kinds of things that exist in heaven. For the whole natural order and the whole universe is a theatre representative of the Lord's kingdom, see the places referred to in 9280, and earthly and worldly things are what a person comes to know of first.

[3] From this it may be recognized that Nebuchadnezzar's statue seen in a dream does not mean worldly but heavenly things. But what specifically is meant by the head, the breast, the belly and side, the legs, and the feet may be known from their correspondence, thus from the internal sense of the Word. From correspondence one can know that the head means the first state of the Church, the breast and arms the second, the belly and side the third, the legs the fourth, and the feet the last. Since the first state of the Church was a state of the good of love to the Lord it says that the head was of pure gold; since the second state was a state of truth springing from that good it says that the breast and arms were of silver; since the third state was the good of love and its truth in the external or natural man it says that the belly and side were of bronze; since the fourth state was the truth of faith it says that the legs were of iron; and since the last state was truth which, though called the truth of faith, is devoid of good it says the feet were partly of iron and partly of clay. And such being the last state of the Church verses 34, 35 say that out of the rock a stone was cut, which smashed them all to pieces and scattered them, so that the wind carried them away, and no place was found for them, meaning that the good of love to the Lord, the good of charity towards the neighbour, and the good of faith were completely dispersed, so completely that there was no knowledge of what they were. No more than some knowledge of the truths of faith existed, without any knowledge of good; or if any knowledge of good existed it was not real good, thus was not the good that coheres with the truths of faith.

[4] This good is external good without internal, which is what the good of merit is, and what good pursued for selfish and worldly reasons is, thus good pursued for the sake of gain, position, and reputation, for the sake of friendship cultivated because of these things, or for the sake of currying favour. Or else it is pursued solely on account of fear of the law. It is not pursued on account of the good of charity, which is the good of one's fellow citizen, the good of human society, the good of one's country, or the good of the Church.

[5] The types of good mentioned above are meant by 'the clay' or 'the mire', the truth with which that good does not cohere being 'the iron'. Therefore verse 43 says, [Just as] the iron which you saw was mixed with the miry clay, they will mingle through the seed of man (homo) 1 , but they will not cohere with one another, just as iron is not mingled with clay. 'The seed of man' is the truth of faith when it originates in the self, which is truth falsified and adulterated through application to evils that exist as the result of a regard for self and the world. From all this it is evident that the parts of a person's body from his head to the soles of his feet mean such things as belong to the Church.

[6] In general 'the head' means celestial good, which is the good of love to the Lord, 'the breast' spiritual good, which is the good of charity towards the neighbour, and 'the feet' natural good, which is the good and truth of faith, see 9913, 9914; and the same kinds of good are meant by 'gold', 'silver', 'bronze', and 'iron', 5658. But for what is meant specifically by 'the head', see 4938, 4939, 5328, 9913, 9914, by 'gold', 113, 1551, 1552, 5658, 9510, 9881, by 'the breast', 4938, 4939, 5328, 6436, 9913, 9914, and by 'silver', 1551, 5658, 6914, 6917. From this it is evident what is meant by 'the belly' and 'the side', which are the parts below the breast. But for what 'bronze' means, [see] 425, 1551, 'the feet', 2162, 3147, 3761, 4938-4952, 'iron', 425, 426, and 'clay' or 'mire', 1300, 6669.

[7] From all this it may now be recognized that the members or organs of the human body mean such things as correspond to them in the Grand Man, which is heaven. They all have connection with the good of love and the truth of faith; and because they correspond to these they also correspond to the same realities in the Church, because the Lord's heaven on earth is the Church.

There is a correspondence of the human being and all parts of the human being with the Grand Man, which is heaven; see what has been shown from actual experience at the ends of a number of chapters, in the following places, 3624-3649, 3741-3751, 3883-3896, 4039-4051, 4218-4228, 4318-4331, 4403-4421, 4527-4533, 4622-4633, 4652-4660, 4791-4805, 4931-4953, 5050-5061, 5171-5189, 5377-5396, 5552-5573, 5711-5727, 5846-5866, 5976-5993, 6053-6058, 6189-6215, 6307-6326, 6466-6495.

What correspondence is, 2987-3003, 3213-3227, 3337-3352, 3472-3485.

Poznámky pod čarou:

1. i.e. they will become mixed together through intermarriages

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.