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1 Samuel 8

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1 Und es geschah, als Samuel alt geworden war, da setzte er seine Söhne als Richter ein über Israel.

2 Und der Name seines erstgeborenen Sohnes war Joel, und der Name seines zweiten Abija; sie richteten zu Beerseba.

3 Aber seine Söhne wandelten nicht in seinen Wegen; und sie neigten sich dem Gewinne nach und nahmen Geschenke und beugten das Recht.

4 Da versammelten sich alle Ältesten von Israel und kamen zu Samuel nach Rama;

5 und sie sprachen zu ihm: Siehe, du bist alt geworden, und deine Söhne wandeln nicht in deinen Wegen. Nun setze einen König über uns ein, daß er uns richte, gleich allen Nationen.

6 Und das Wort war übel in den Augen Samuels, als sie sprachen: Gib uns einen König, daß er uns richte! Und Samuel betete zu Jehova.

7 Und Jehova sprach zu Samuel: Höre auf die Stimme des Volkes in allem, was sie dir sagen; denn nicht dich haben sie verworfen, sondern mich haben sie verworfen, daß ich nicht König über sie sein soll.

8 Nach allen den Taten, die sie getan von dem Tage an, da ich sie aus Ägypten heraufgeführt habe, bis auf diesen Tag, indem sie mich verlassen und anderen Göttern gedient haben, also tun sie auch dir.

9 Und nun höre auf ihre Stimme; nur zeuge ernstlich wider sie und tue ihnen die Weise des Königs kund, der über sie herrschen wird.

10 Und Samuel sprach alle Worte Jehovas zu dem Volke, das einen König von ihm begehrte.

11 Und er sprach: Dies wird die Weise des Königs sein, der über euch regieren wird: Eure Söhne wird er nehmen und für sich bestellen auf seinen Wagen und unter seine Reiter, und daß sie vor seinem Wagen herlaufen;

12 und er wird sie nehmen, um sich Oberste über tausend und Oberste über fünfzig zu machen, und daß sie seine Äcker pflügen und seine Ernte einbringen, und daß sie sein Kriegsgerät und sein Wagengerät machen.

13 Und eure Töchter wird er nehmen zu Salbenmischerinnen und zu Köchinnen und zu Bäckerinnen.

14 Und eure Felder und eure Weinberge und eure Olivengärten, die besten, wird er nehmen und sie seinen Knechten geben.

15 Und von euren Saaten und euren Weinbergen wird er den Zehnten nehmen und ihn seinen Kämmerern und seinen Knechten geben.

16 Und eure Knechte und eure Mägde und eure schönsten Jünglinge und eure Esel wird er nehmen und sie zu seinen Geschäften verwenden.

17 Euer Kleinvieh wird er zehnten, und ihr, ihr werdet ihm zu Knechten sein.

18 Und ihr werdet an jenem Tage schreien wegen eures Königs, den ihr euch erwählt habt; aber Jehova wird euch an jenem Tage nicht erhören.

19 Aber das Volk weigerte sich, auf die Stimme Samuels zu hören; und sie sprachen: Nein, sondern ein König soll über uns sein,

20 damit auch wir seien wie alle Nationen, und daß unser König uns richte und vor uns her ausziehe und unsere Kriege führe.

21 Und Samuel hörte alle die Reden des Volkes und redete sie vor den Ohren Jehovas.

22 Und Jehova sprach zu Samuel: Höre auf ihre Stimme und setze einen König über sie ein. Da sprach Samuel zu den Männern von Israel: Gehet hin, ein jeder in seine Stadt.

   

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Exploring the Meaning of 1 Samuel 8

Napsal(a) Garry Walsh

This chapter marks a historic turning point for the Children of Israel. Since their escape from Egypt some four hundred years earlier, the Lord Jehovah, through Moses, and Joshua, and then a series of judges, had directly ruled the people. Now, though, the people pleaded that they might instead have a king like other nations. In a sense, they wanted to be led by human nature, not by God's law and the prophets.

Samuel had grown old, and his sons, Joel and Abiah, had become judges over Israel. However, they took bribes and this influenced their judgments. This is like the corruption of the High Priest Eli’s sons, described in 1 Samuel 2, and also similar to the misbehavior of two of Aaron's sons, Nadab and Abihu, in Leviticus 10. The corruption of Samuel’s sons, as judges over Israel, was what spurred the Israelites to ask for a king.

Samuel prayed to the Lord, asking what he should do about the people’s demand for a king. The Lord assured him that the request came not because he, Samuel, had been rejected. Instead, it was the Lord Himself whom the people of Israel had rejected. The Lord sent a warning through Samuel to the people about what a king would be like. Samuel told them of the personal and financial cost that would come with having a king. The king would use a substantial portion of the land’s resources, and take the best for himself. Having a king would also mean that they were rejecting the Lord’s direct leadership, so they would be unable to call on His help in the way that they had in the past. The people heard the warning, but still did not change their minds.

There are two ways the Lord judges us. One way is through love or goodness. The other is through truth. In other words, our lives can be judged according to the type of love that exists in our hearts and that we show to others. We will make mistakes, but it is our intent that matters most. Judgment according to truth, by comparison, is somewhat cold. We either obey the law or we don’t. The two, love and truth, should exist together. Intentions should be considered together with what we actually do. From this time in Israelite history, the role of priest, representing judgment from goodness or love, was separated from the role of king, representing judgment by truth. They denied themselves the opportunity to be ruled by love and left themselves to be ruled by the cold letter of the law. (See Arcana Coelestia 6148 [3, 5, 6].)

Swedenborg also discusses this concept as follows:

"In the Word a careful distinction is made between people and nation, 'people' meaning truths, 'nation' goods, as shown already in 1259, 1260. Kings have reference to peoples, and not so much to nations. The children of Israel, before they sought to have kings, were 'a nation' and represented good, or that which is celestial; but after they desired a king and received one, they became 'a people' and represented not good or that which is celestial, but truth or that which is spiritual...." (Arcana Coelestia 1672)

This further supports the idea that they began to separate judgement by truth and judgement by love, choosing only truth, or the law, as represented by a king.

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1 Samuel 1

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1 Now there was a certain man of Ramathaim-zophim, of mount Ephraim, and his name was Elkanah, the son of Jeroham, the son of Elihu, the son of Tohu, the son of Zuph, an Ephrathite:

2 And he had two wives; the name of the one was Hannah, and the name of the other Peninnah: and Peninnah had children, but Hannah had no children.

3 And this man went up out of his city yearly to worship and to sacrifice unto the LORD of hosts in Shiloh. And the two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phinehas, the priests of the LORD, were there.

4 And when the time was that Elkanah offered, he gave to Peninnah his wife, and to all her sons and her daughters, portions:

5 But unto Hannah he gave a worthy portion; for he loved Hannah: but the LORD had shut up her womb.

6 And her adversary also provoked her sore, for to make her fret, because the LORD had shut up her womb.

7 And as he did so year by year, when she went up to the house of the LORD, so she provoked her; therefore she wept, and did not eat.

8 Then said Elkanah her husband to her, Hannah, why weepest thou? and why eatest thou not? and why is thy heart grieved? am not I better to thee than ten sons?

9 So Hannah rose up after they had eaten in Shiloh, and after they had drunk. Now Eli the priest sat upon a seat by a post of the temple of the LORD.

10 And she was in bitterness of soul, and prayed unto the LORD, and wept sore.

11 And she vowed a vow, and said, O LORD of hosts, if thou wilt indeed look on the affliction of thine handmaid, and remember me, and not forget thine handmaid, but wilt give unto thine handmaid a man child, then I will give him unto the LORD all the days of his life, and there shall no rasor come upon his head.

12 And it came to pass, as she continued praying before the LORD, that Eli marked her mouth.

13 Now Hannah, she spake in her heart; only her lips moved, but her voice was not heard: therefore Eli thought she had been drunken.

14 And Eli said unto her, How long wilt thou be drunken? put away thy wine from thee.

15 And Hannah answered and said, No, my lord, I am a woman of a sorrowful spirit: I have drunk neither wine nor strong drink, but have poured out my soul before the LORD.

16 Count not thine handmaid for a daughter of Belial: for out of the abundance of my complaint and grief have I spoken hitherto.

17 Then Eli answered and said, Go in peace: and the God of Israel grant thee thy petition that thou hast asked of him.

18 And she said, Let thine handmaid find grace in thy sight. So the woman went her way, and did eat, and her countenance was no more sad.

19 And they rose up in the morning early, and worshipped before the LORD, and returned, and came to their house to Ramah: and Elkanah knew Hannah his wife; and the LORD remembered her.

20 Wherefore it came to pass, when the time was come about after Hannah had conceived, that she bare a son, and called his name Samuel, saying, Because I have asked him of the LORD.

21 And the man Elkanah, and all his house, went up to offer unto the LORD the yearly sacrifice, and his vow.

22 But Hannah went not up; for she said unto her husband, I will not go up until the child be weaned, and then I will bring him, that he may appear before the LORD, and there abide for ever.

23 And Elkanah her husband said unto her, Do what seemeth thee good; tarry until thou have weaned him; only the LORD establish his word. So the woman abode, and gave her son suck until she weaned him.

24 And when she had weaned him, she took him up with her, with three bullocks, and one ephah of flour, and a bottle of wine, and brought him unto the house of the LORD in Shiloh: and the child was young.

25 And they slew a bullock, and brought the child to Eli.

26 And she said, Oh my lord, as thy soul liveth, my lord, I am the woman that stood by thee here, praying unto the LORD.

27 For this child I prayed; and the LORD hath given me my petition which I asked of him:

28 Therefore also I have lent him to the LORD; as long as he liveth he shall be lent to the LORD. And he worshipped the LORD there.