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Josua 9

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1 Und es geschah, als alle die Könige es hörten, die diesseit des Jordan waren, auf dem Gebirge und in der Niederung (Vergl. 5. Mose 1,7. So auch Jos. 10,40;11,2. 16;12,8;15,33) und an der ganzen Küste des großen Meeres gegen den Libanon hin, die Hethiter und die Amoriter, die Kanaaniter, die Perisiter, die Hewiter und die Jebusiter:

2 da versammelten sie sich allzumal, um einmütig wider Josua und wider Israel zu streiten.

3 Die Bewohner von Gibeon aber, als sie hörten, was Josua an Jericho und an Ai getan hatte,

4 handelten auch ihrerseits mit List und gingen und stellten sich als Boten: (E. l.: nahmen Zehrung mit sich) sie nahmen abgenutzte Säcke für ihre Esel, und abgenutzte und geborstene und zusammengebundene Weinschläuche,

5 und abgenutzte und geflickte Schuhe an ihre Füße, und abgenutzte Kleider auf sich; und alles Brot ihrer Zehrung war vertrocknet und war schimmlig. (And.: zerbröckelt; so auch V. 12)

6 Und sie gingen zu Josua in das Lager nach Gilgal und sprachen zu ihm und zu den Männern von Israel: Aus fernem Lande sind wir gekommen, und nun machet einen Bund mit uns.

7 Aber die Männer von Israel sprachen zu dem Hewiter: Vielleicht wohnst du in meiner Mitte, und wie sollte ich einen Bund mit dir machen?

8 Und sie sprachen zu Josua: Wir sind deine Knechte. Und Josua sprach zu ihnen: Wer seid ihr, und woher kommet ihr?

9 Und sie sprachen zu ihm: Aus sehr fernem Lande sind deine Knechte gekommen, um des Namens Jehovas, deines Gottes, willen; denn wir haben seinen uf gehört und alles, was er in Ägypten getan,

10 und alles, was er den beiden Königen der Amoriter getan hat, die jenseit des Jordan waren, Sihon, dem König von Hesbon, und Og, dem König von Basan, der zu Astaroth wohnte.

11 Da sprachen unsere Ältesten und alle Bewohner unseres Landes zu uns und sagten: Nehmet Zehrung mit euch auf den Weg und gehet ihnen entgegen, und sprechet zu ihnen: Wir sind eure Knechte; und nun machet einen Bund mit uns!

12 Dieses unser Brot, warm haben wir es aus unseren Häusern als Zehrung mitgenommen an dem Tage, da wir auszogen, um zu euch zu gehen; und nun siehe, es ist vertrocknet und schimmlig geworden.

13 Und diese Weinschläuche, die wir neu gefüllt hatten, siehe da, sie sind geborsten; und diese unsere Kleider und unsere Schuhe sind abgenutzt infolge des sehr langen Weges. -

14 Und die Männer nahmen von ihrer Zehrung; aber den Mund Jehovas befragten sie nicht.

15 Und Josua machte Frieden mit ihnen und machte mit ihnen einen Bund, sie am Leben zu lassen; und die Fürsten der Gemeinde schwuren ihnen.

16 Und es geschah am Ende von drei Tagen, nachdem sie einen Bund mit ihnen gemacht hatten, da hörten sie, daß sie nahe bei ihnen waren und mitten unter ihnen wohnten.

17 Da brachen die Kinder Israel auf und kamen zu ihren Städten am dritten Tage; und ihre Städte waren Gibeon und Kephira und Beeroth und Kirjath-Jearim.

18 Und die Kinder Israel schlugen sie nicht, weil die Fürsten der Gemeinde ihnen bei Jehova, dem Gott Israels, geschworen hatten. Da murrte die ganze Gemeinde wider die Fürsten.

19 Und alle Fürsten sprachen zu der ganzen Gemeinde: Wir haben ihnen bei Jehova, dem Gott Israels, geschworen, und nun können wir sie nicht antasten.

20 Das wollen wir ihnen tun und sie am Leben lassen, damit nicht ein Zorn über uns komme wegen des Eides, den wir ihnen geschworen haben.

21 Und die Fürsten sprachen zu ihnen: Sie sollen am Leben bleiben. Und sie wurden Holzhauer und Wasserschöpfer für die ganze Gemeinde, so wie die Fürsten betreffs ihrer (And.: zu ihnen) geredet hatten.

22 Und Josua rief sie und redete zu ihnen und sprach: Warum habt ihr uns betrogen und gesagt: Wir sind sehr weit von euch, da ihr doch mitten unter uns wohnet?

23 Und nun, verflucht seid ihr; und nicht sollen Knechte unter euch aufhören, sowohl, Holzhauer als Wasserschöpfer für das Haus meines Gottes!

24 Und sie antworteten Josua und sprachen: Weil deinen Knechten für gewiß berichtet wurde, daß Jehova, dein Gott, Mose, seinem Knechte, geboten hat, euch das ganze Land zu geben und alle Bewohner des Landes vor euch zu vertilgen, so fürchteten wir sehr für unser Leben euretwegen und taten diese Sache.

25 Und nun siehe, wir sind in deiner Hand; tue, wie es gut und wie es recht ist in deinen Augen, uns zu tun.

26 Und er tat ihnen also und errettete sie von der Hand der Kinder Israel; und sie töteten sie nicht.

27 Und Josua machte sie an jenem Tage zu Holzhauern und Wasserschöpfern für die Gemeinde und für den Altar Jehovas, bis auf diesen Tag, an dem Orte, den er erwählen würde.

   

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Exploring the Meaning of Joshua 9

Napsal(a) New Christian Bible Study Staff, Julian Duckworth

Joshua 9: The Gibeonites deceive Israel.

After Israel conquered Jericho and then Ai, the news about the strength of the Children of Israel - and their mighty God, Jehovah - spread quickly among the people of Canaan. In this chapter, the people of Gibeon came up with a plan to trick Joshua and the Israelites into granting them safety.

To preserve themselves, the Gibeonites cooked up a story that they had come from far away. They dressed in old clothing and worn-out sandals, and brought shabby wine-skins and moldy bread as proof of their long journey. After questioning these travelers, Joshua agreed to guarantee their safety, and the Israelites made a covenant to let them live. Note that the Israelites did not consult the Lord.

In the end, the Gibeonites admitted that they lived close by and were neighbors of Israel, just as the Hivites (the Gibeonites' ancestors) had been with Abraham. Joshua, unable to revoke his promise to them, made them wood-cutters and water-carriers for the altars of the Lord.

This chapter offers us several spiritual lessons. The main one is that there is a place for simple, well-intentioned goodness in our spiritual life, along with our love of God and our love for other people (See Swedenborg's exegetical work, Arcana Caelestia 3436, for details). This is what the Gibeonites stand for; they were not warlike but peaceful, content to live usefully day after day. This is an illustration of natural good, which is an important part of life in this world and in heaven (Arcana Caelestia 3167).

On a spiritual level, their story about living in a country far-away means that when we live good, well-intentioned lives, we are ‘far away’ from the evils of the Canaanites. Although the Gibeonites lived among the Canaanites, their higher values were entirely different. So while the Gibeonites deceived Israel to save themselves, they spoke truthfully when they said: “we come from a place a very long way away” (See Swedenborg's work, Heaven and Hell 481).

Their tattered and torn appearance is meant to illustrate the hard work of doing good. It can be quite wearing to continue doing good things, especially when we feel it is all up to us. Acknowledging that all good is from the Lord renews us, and keeps us from the burden of merit.

In the same vein, their worn-out appearance is also about our relationship with the Word. Little children love and delight in the stories of the Word, but as they grow up, this love dwindles (Arcana Caelestia 3690). But as adults, we have the choice to find those guiding principles from the Word, helping us to keep leading good lives.

The fact that Joshua commanded the Gibeonites to cut wood and draw water also holds spiritual significance. The beauty of wood is that it comes from living trees, and can be turned into many, many useful things. It stands for the steady, humble wish to do good each day (See Swedenborg's work, True Christian Religion 374). This must be present in our worship at the altars of the Lord.

Drawing water provides essential, life-giving refreshment for others. Water stands for truth, and our better actions draw the water of life for the sake of others. Truly, acknowledging the goodness in other people is part of our faith in God. This story shows us that we must allow others to live and to serve everything of God, just as Joshua showed mercy toward the Gibeonites.

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Arcana Coelestia # 2417

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2417. 'Do not look back behind you' means that he was not to look to matters of doctrine. This is clear from the meaning of 'looking back behind him' when the city was behind him and the mountain in front of him; for 'a city' means doctrinal teaching, 402, 2268, 2451, while 'a mountain' means love and charity, 795, 1430. That this is the meaning will be evident in the explanation at verse 26, where it is said that his wife looked back behind him and she became a pillar of salt. Anyone may recognize that these words - 'looking back behind him' - have some Divine arcanum within them and that this lies too far down to be visible. For looking back behind him seems to involve nothing reprehensible at all, and yet it is of such great importance that it is said that he was to escape for his life, that is, he was to be concerned about his life to eternity by not looking back behind him. What is meant by looking to matters of doctrine however will be seen in what follows.

[2] Here let it be merely stated what doctrinal teaching is. Such teaching is twofold: one kind has to do with love and charity, the other with faith. Each of the Lord's Churches at the outset, while still very young and virginal, neither possesses nor desires any other doctrinal teaching than that which has to do with charity, for this has to do with life. In course of time however a Church turns away from this kind of teaching until it starts to despise it and at length to reject it, at which point it acknowledges no other kind of teaching than that called the doctrine of faith. And when it separates faith from charity such doctrinal teaching colludes with a life of evil.

[3] This was so with the Primitive or gentile Church after the Lord's Coming. At the outset it possessed no other doctrinal teaching than that which had to do with love and charity, for such is what the Lord Himself taught, see 2371 (end). But after His time, as love and charity started to grow cold, doctrinal teaching regarding faith gradually crept in, and with it disagreements and heresies which increased as men leant more and more towards that kind of teaching.

[4] Something similar had happened to the Ancient Church which came after the Flood and which was spread throughout so many kingdoms, 2385. This Church at the outset knew no other teaching than that which had to do with charity, for that teaching looked towards and permeated life; and so they were concerned about their eternal welfare. After a time however some people started to foster doctrinal teaching about faith which they at length separated from charity. Members of this Church called such people 'Ham' however because they led a life of evil, see 1062, 1063, 1076.

[5] The Most Ancient Church which existed before the Flood and which was pre-eminently called Man enjoyed the perception itself of love to the Lord and charity towards the neighbour, and so had teaching about love and charity inscribed within them. But there also existed at that time those who fostered faith, and when these at length separated it from charity they were called Cain, for Cain means such faith, and Abel whom he killed means charity; see the explanation to Genesis 4.

[6] From this it becomes clear that doctrinal teaching is twofold, one kind having to do with charity, the other with faith, although in themselves the two are one, for teaching to do with charity includes everything to do with faith. But when doctrinal teaching comes to be drawn solely from things to do with faith, such teaching is said to be twofold because faith is separated from charity. Their separation at the present day becomes clear from the consideration that what charity is, and what the neighbour, is utterly unknown. People whose teaching is solely about faith know of charity towards the neighbour as nothing other than giving what is their own to others and taking pity on everyone, for they call everyone their neighbour indiscriminately, when in fact charity consists in all the good residing with the individual - in his affection, and in his ardent zeal, and consequently in his life - while the neighbour consists in all the good residing with people which affects the individual. Consequently the neighbour consists in people with whom good resides - and quite distinctly and separately from one person to the next.

[7] For example, charity and mercy are present with him who exercises righteousness and judgement by punishing the evil and rewarding the good. Charity resides within the punishment of the evil, for he who imposes the punishment is moved by a strong desire to correct the one who is punished and at the same time to protect others from the evil he may do to them. For when he imposes it he is concerned about and desires the good of him who does evil or is an enemy, as well as being concerned about and desiring the good of others and of the state, which concern and desire spring from charity towards the neighbour. The same holds true with every other kind of good of life, for such good cannot possibly exist if it does not spring from charity towards the neighbour, since this is what charity looks to and embodies within itself.

[8] There being so much obscurity, as has been stated, as to what charity is and what the neighbour, it is plain that after doctrinal teaching to do with faith has seized the chief position, teaching to do with charity is then one of those things that have been lost. Yet it was the latter teaching alone that was fostered in the Ancient Church. They went so far as to categorize all kinds of good that flow from charity towards the neighbour, that is, to categorize all in whom good was present. In doing so they made many distinctions to which they gave names, calling them the poor, the wretched, the oppressed, the sick, the naked, the hungry, the thirsty, the prisoners or those in prison, the. sojourners, the orphans, and the widows. Some they also called the lame, the blind, the deaf, the dumb, and the maimed, and many other names besides these. It was in accordance with this kind of teaching that the Lord spoke in the Old Testament Word, and it explains why such expressions occur so frequently there; and it was in accordance with the same that the Lord Himself spoke, as in Matthew 25:35-36, 38-40, 42-45; Luke 14:13, 21; and many times elsewhere. This is why those names have quite a different meaning in the internal sense. So that doctrinal teaching regarding charity may be restored therefore, some discussion will in the Lord's Divine mercy appear further on as to who such people are, and what charity is, and what the neighbour, generally and specifically.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.