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2 Mose 23

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1 Du sollst kein falsches Gerücht aufnehmen; (O. aussprechen, d. h. verbreiten) du sollst deine Hand nicht dem Gesetzlosen reichen, um ein ungerechter Zeuge zu sein.

2 Du sollst der Menge nicht folgen zum Übeltun; und du sollst bei einem echtsstreit nicht antworten, indem du dich der Menge nach neigest, das echt zu beugen.

3 Und den Armen sollst du in seinem echtsstreit nicht begünstigen. -

4 Wenn du den Ochsen deines Feindes oder seinen Esel umherirrend antriffst, sollst du ihn demselben jedenfalls zurückbringen.

5 Wenn du den Esel deines Hassers unter seiner Last liegen siehst, so hüte dich, ihn demselben zu überlassen; du sollst ihn jedenfalls mit ihm losmachen. -

6 Du sollst das echt deines Armen nicht beugen in seinem echtsstreit.

7 Von der Sache (O. dem Worte) der Lüge sollst du dich fernhalten; und den Unschuldigen und Gerechten sollst du nicht töten, denn ich werde den Gesetzlosen (O. Schuldigen) nicht rechtfertigen.

8 Und kein Geschenk sollst du nehmen; denn das Geschenk blendet die Sehenden und verkehrt die Worte der Gerechten.

9 Und den Fremdling sollst du nicht bedrücken; ihr selbst wisset ja, wie es dem Fremdling zu Mute ist, denn Fremdlinge seid ihr im Lande Ägypten gewesen. -

10 Und sechs Jahre sollst du dein Land besäen und seinen Ertrag einsammeln;

11 aber im siebten sollst du es ruhen und liegen lassen, daß die Armen deines Volkes davon essen; und was sie übriglassen, soll das Getier des Feldes fressen. Desgleichen sollst du mit deinem Weinberge tun und mit deinem Olivenbaum. -

12 Sechs Tage sollst du deine Arbeiten tun; aber am siebten Tage sollst du ruhen, damit dein Ochse und dein Esel raste und der Sohn deiner Magd und der Fremdling sich erhole.

13 Und auf alles, was ich euch gesagt habe, sollt ihr acht haben; und den Namen anderer Götter sollt ihr nicht erwähnen, er soll in deinem Munde nicht gehört werden.

14 Dreimal im Jahre sollst du mir ein Fest feiern.

15 Das Fest der ungesäuerten Brote sollst du beobachten: sieben Tage sollst du Ungesäuertes essen, so wie ich dir geboten habe, zur bestimmten Zeit im Monat Abib, denn in demselben bist du aus Ägypten gezogen; und man soll nicht leer vor meinem Angesicht erscheinen;

16 und das Fest der Ernte, der Erstlinge deiner Arbeit, dessen, was du auf dem Felde säen wirst; und das Fest der Einsammlung im Ausgang des Jahres, wenn du deine Arbeit vom Felde einsammelst.

17 Dreimal im Jahre sollen alle deine Männlichen vor dem Angesicht des Herrn Jehova erscheinen. -

18 Du sollst nicht das Blut meines Schlachtopfers zu Gesäuertem opfern; und nicht soll das Fett meines Festes über Nacht bleiben bis an den Morgen.

19 Das erste der Erstlinge deines Landes sollst du in das Haus Jehovas, deines Gottes, bringen. -Du sollst ein Böcklein nicht kochen in der Milch seiner Mutter.

20 Siehe, ich sende einen Engel vor dir her, um dich auf dem Wege zu bewahren und dich an den Ort zu bringen, den ich bereitet habe.

21 Hüte dich vor ihm und höre auf seine Stimme und reize ihn nicht; (O. sei nicht widerspenstig gegen ihn) denn er wird eure Übertretung nicht vergeben, denn mein Name ist in ihm.

22 Doch wenn du fleißig auf seine Stimme hörst und alles tust, was ich sagen werde, so werde ich deine Feinde befeinden und deine Dränger bedrängen.

23 Denn mein Engel wird vor dir hergehen und wird dich bringen zu den Amoritern und den Hethitern und den Perisitern und den Kanaanitern, den Hewitern und den Jebusitern; und ich werde sie vertilgen.

24 Du sollst dich vor ihren Göttern nicht niederbeugen und ihnen nicht dienen, und du sollst nicht tun nach ihren Taten; sondern du sollst sie ganz und gar niederreißen und ihre Bildsäulen gänzlich zerbrechen.

25 Und ihr sollt Jehova, eurem Gott, dienen: so wird er dein Brot und dein Wasser segnen, und ich werde Krankheit aus deiner Mitte entfernen.

26 Keine Fehlgebärende und Unfruchtbare wird in deinem Lande sein; die Zahl deiner Tage werde ich voll machen.

27 Meinen Schrecken werde ich vor dir hersenden und alle Völker verwirren, zu denen du kommst, und dir zukehren den ücken aller deiner Feinde.

28 Und ich werde die Hornisse vor dir hersenden, daß sie vor dir vertreibe die Hewiter, die Kanaaniter und die Hethiter.

29 Nicht in einem Jahre werde ich sie vor dir vertreiben, damit nicht das Land eine Wüste werde, und das Getier des Feldes sich wider dich mehre.

30 Nach und nach werde ich sie vor dir vertreiben, bis daß du fruchtbar bist und das Land besitzest.

31 Und ich werde deine Grenze setzen vom Schilfmeer bis an das Meer der Philister, und von der Wüste bis an den Strom; (der Euphrat; vergl. 1. Mose 15,18; 4. Mose 34,1-12) denn ich werde die Bewohner des Landes in deine Hand geben, daß du sie vor dir vertreibest.

32 Du sollst mit ihnen und mit ihren Göttern keinen Bund machen.

33 Sie sollen nicht in deinem Lande wohnen, damit sie dich nicht wider mich sündigen machen; denn du würdest ihren Göttern dienen, denn es würde dir zum Fallstrick sein.

   

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Arcana Coelestia # 4444

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4444 .'When they heard; and the men were grieved and blazing with anger' means that they were under the influence of evil that was directed against the truth of the Church among the Ancients. This is clear from the meaning of 'being grieved and blazing with anger' here as being under the influence of evil. Its direction against the truth of the Church among the Ancients follows because the anger was against Shechem the son of Hamor, who means the truth known to the Ancients, as stated above in 4430, 4431. Their being under the influence of evil is evident from details given further on, namely that they spoke deceitfully, verse 13, and then after Shechem and Hamor had submitted to their demands they killed them, verses 26-29. Consequently 'being grieved' here and 'blazing with anger' mean that they were under the influence of evil. Their action looks like zeal aroused in them because he had lain with their sister, to judge by the words which immediately follow 'because he had done something disgraceful in Israel by lying with Jacob's daughter, a thing that ought not to be done' - and by those at the end of the chapter 'They said, Is he going to treat our sister like a prostitute?' verse 31. But it was not zeal, for zeal cannot possibly exist with someone who is under the influence of evil, only with one governed by good; for zeal has good within it, 4164.

[2] The semblance of religion which existed among their descendants did indeed have good within it, in that all its details, each one, represented the celestial and spiritual things of the Lord's kingdom. But in the case of those with whom it existed it did not hold anything good at all since they were confined solely to external things devoid of internal, as shown above. It is the same with the semblance of religion possessed by that nation among whom it exists even at the present day. They acknowledge Moses and the Prophets, and so the Word. In itself this is holy but in their case it is not holy, for within every detail there they see themselves and so that which is worldly. Indeed they turn the Word into something earthly, for they do not know or even care about anything heavenly within it. If the state of a people is like this, no good can exist in them when their own semblance of religion holds sway over them. Instead evil is present, for nothing heavenly enters into them because they will annihilate it.

[3] There was a law, also known in the Ancient Church, according to which anyone who ravished a virgin had to provide her with a dowry and take her to be his wife, as the following words in Moses laid down,

If a man persuades a virgin who is not betrothed, and lies with her, he shall endow her with a dowry to be his wife; if her father utterly refuses to give her to him he shall weigh silver according to the dowry of virgins. Exodus 22:16-17.

And elsewhere,

If a man finds a young woman, a virgin, who is not betrothed, and he seizes her and lies with her, and they are discovered, the man who lay with her shall give to the young woman's father fifty pieces of silver, and she shall become his wife, because he ravished her; and he will not be able to divorce her all his days. Deuteronomy 22:28-29.

The fact that this same law was known to the Ancients is quite evident from Shechem's words to the young woman's father and brothers,

Shechem said to her father and to her brothers, Let me find grace in your eyes, and I will give that which you tell me. Increase the dowry and gift to any size and I will give you whatever you tell me, and give me the young woman for a wife. Verses 11-12.

Also, because Shechem was willing to fulfill this law and Dinah's brothers gave their consent provided he became as they themselves were, by circumcising every male, according to the words that follow

Only on this [condition] will we consent to you: If you will be as we are, by circumcising every male among you, then we will give our daughters to you, and your daughters we will take to ourselves, and we will dwell with you, and we wit be one people. Verses 15-16

- it is therefore evident that they did not act in conformity with the law, thus were not motivated by good, but acted contrary to the law, and consequently were motivated by evil.

[4] The law forbade them, it is true, to enter into marriages with the gentile nations, as laid down in Moses,

Lest you take their daughters for your sons, and their daughters go whoring after their gods, and they cause your sons to go whoring after their gods. Exodus 34:16.

And elsewhere,

You shall not establish a marriage relationship with the nations; you shall not give your daughter to his son, and you shall not take his daughter for your son, for he will turn your son from following Me, to serve other gods. Deuteronomy 7:3-4.

But this law referred to idolatrous nations. It was laid down to prevent their turning away, through such marriages, from truly representative worship to idolatrous worship; for once they became idolaters they were no longer able to represent the celestial and spiritual things of the Lord's kingdom, only their opposites, namely the things of hell. In fact, once they were idolaters, they summoned from hell a certain devil whom they worshipped and to whom they applied Divine representatives. This accounts for its being said that they were not to go whoring after their gods. That law was also laid down for the further reason that 'the nations' means evils and falsities with which the goods and truths which they represented were not to be mingled, and therefore devilish and hellish things were not to be mingled with celestial and spiritual ones, 3024 (end).

[5] But they were in no way forbidden to contract marriages with nations who willingly adopted their worship and who, after being circumcised, acknowledged Jehovah. These they called sojourners sojourning with them, of whom the following is said in Moses,

If a sojourner sojourns with you and wishes to keep the Passover to Jehovah, every male he has shall be circumcised, and then he shall come near and keep it; and he will be as an inhabitant of the land. There shall be one law for the inhabitant and for the sojourner who sojourns in the midst of you. Exodus 12:48-49.

And elsewhere,

When the sojourner has sojourned with you, he shall keep the Passover to Jehovah according to the statute for the Passover, and according to the regulations 1 for it. There shall be one statute for you, both for the sojourner and for the native of the land. Numbers 9:14.

The reason why they were called sojourners sojourning in the midst of them and with them was that 'sojourning' meant receiving instruction, and so 'a sojourner' those who allowed themselves to receive instruction in statutes and matters of doctrine, see 1463, 2025, 3672. In the same author,

If a sojourner should sojourn with you who would make a fire-offering of an odour of rest to Jehovah, he shall do as you do. As for the assembly, one statute shall there be for you and for the sojourner who sojourns, an eternal statute throughout your generations. As you are, so shall the sojourner be before Jehovah. There shall be one law and one judgement for you and for the sojourner sojourning with you. Numbers 15:14-16.

And elsewhere,

As the native among you shall the sojourner sojourning with you be to you.

Leviticus 19:34.

One judgement shall there be for you; it shall be for the sojourner as for the native. Leviticus 24:22.

[6] The fact that this statute was known not only to Jacob and his sons but also to Shechem and Hamor is evident from the words spoken by them. For the statutes, judgements, and laws which were given to the Israelite and Jewish nation were not new but such as existed previously in the Ancient Church and in the second Ancient Church which, from Eber, was called the Hebrew, as has been shown in various places. The consequent knowledge of this law is evident from the words of Jacob's sons,

Jacob's sons said to Hamor and Shechem, We cannot do this thing, to give our sister to a man who has a foreskin; for that would be a reproach to us. Only on this [condition] will we consent to you: If you will be as we are, by circumcising every male among you, then we will give our daughters to you, and your daughters we will take to ourselves, and we will dwell with you, and we will be one people. Verses 14-16.

That knowledge is also evident from Hamor and Shechem's words, in that they not only consented but also did cause themselves and every male of their city to be circumcised, verses 18-24.

[7] This shows that Shechem became a sojourner such as is referred to in the Law, and so could take Jacob's daughter as a wife; and that their killing them was accordingly an unmentionable deed, as Jacob also bore witness before his death, Genesis 49:5-7. The fact that not only Judah but also Moses, as well as the kings of the Jews and Israelites, and many of the people too, married wives from gentile nations is clear from the historical sections of the Word; and one should not doubt that those wives accepted their statutes, judgements, and laws and were acknowledged as sojourners.

Poznámky pod čarou:

1. literally, statutes

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.