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Ézéchiel 1

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1 Or il arriva en la trentième année, au cinquième jour du quatrième mois, comme j'étais parmi ceux qui avaient été transportés sur le fleuve de Kébar, que les cieux furent ouverts, et je vis des visions de Dieu.

2 Au cinquième jour du mois de cette année, qui [fut] la cinquième après que le Roi Jéhojachin eut été mené en captivité,

3 La parole de l'Eternel fut [adressée] expressément à Ezéchiel Sacrificateur, fils de Buzi, au pays des Caldéens, sur le fleuve de Kébar, et la main de l'Eternel [fut] là sur lui.

4 Je vis donc, et voici un vent de tempête qui venait de l'Aquilon, et une grosse nuée, et un feu s'entortillant; et il y avait autour de la [nuée] une splendeur, et au milieu de la [nuée paraissait] comme la couleur du Hasmal, [lorsqu'il sort] du feu.

5 Et du milieu de cette [couleur de Hasmal paraissait] une ressemblance de quatre animaux, et c'était ici leur forme; ils avaient la ressemblance d'un homme;

6 Et chacun d'eux avait quatre faces, et chacun quatre ailes.

7 Et leurs pieds étaient des pieds droits; et la plante de leurs pieds était comme la plante d'un pied de veau, et ils étincelaient comme la couleur d'un airain poli.

8 Et il y avait des mains d'homme sous leurs ailes à leurs quatre côtés; [et] tous quatre avaient leurs faces et leurs ailes.

9 Leurs ailes étaient jointes l'une à l'autre; ils ne se tournaient point quand ils marchaient, mais chacun marchait vis-à-vis de soi.

10 Et la ressemblance de leurs faces était la face d'un homme, et la face d'un lion, à la main droite des quatre; et la face d'un bœuf à la gauche des quatre; et la face d'un aigle, à tous les quatre.

11 Et leurs faces et leurs ailes étaient divisées par le haut; chacun avait des ailes, qui se joignaient l'une à l'autre, et deux couvraient leurs corps.

12 Et chacun d'eux marchait vis-à-vis de soi; vers quelque part que l'esprit les poussât ils y allaient; et ils ne se tournaient point lorsqu'ils marchaient.

13 Et quant à la ressemblance des animaux, leur regard était comme des charbons de feu ardent, et comme qui verrait des lampes; le feu courait parmi les animaux; et le feu avait une splendeur, et de ce feu sortait un éclair.

14 Et les animaux couraient et retournaient, selon que l'éclair paraissait.

15 Et comme j'eus vu les animaux, voici, une roue apparut sur la terre auprès des animaux pour ses quatre faces.

16 Et la ressemblance et la façon des roues était comme la couleur d'un chrysolithe, et toutes les quatre avaient une même ressemblance; leur ressemblance et leur façon était comme si une roue eût été au dedans d'une autre roue.

17 En marchant elles allaient sur leurs quatre côtés, et elles ne se tournaient point quand elles allaient.

18 Et elles avaient des jantes, et étaient si hautes, qu'elles faisaient peur, et leurs jantes étaient pleines d'yeux tout autour des quatre roues.

19 Et quand les animaux marchaient, les roues marchaient auprès d'eux; et quand les animaux s'élevaient de dessus la terre, les roues aussi s'élevaient.

20 Vers quelque part que l'Esprit voulût aller ils y allaient; l'Esprit tendait-il là? ils y allaient, et les roues s'élevaient vis-à-vis d'eux; car l'Esprit des animaux était dans les roues.

21 Quand ils marchaient, elles marchaient; et quand ils s'arrêtaient, elles s'arrêtaient; et quand ils s'élevaient de dessus terre, les roues aussi s'élevaient vis-à-vis d'eux; car l'Esprit des animaux était dans les roues.

22 Et la ressemblance de ce qui était au-dessus des têtes des animaux, [était] une étendue semblable à la voir à un cristal [dont l'état] remplissait de respect, laquelle s'étendait sur leurs têtes par dessus.

23 Et leurs ailes se tenaient droites au dessous de l'étendue, l'une vers l'autre; [et] ils avaient chacun deux ailes dont ils se couvraient, chacun, dis-je, en avait deux qui couvraient leurs corps.

24 Puis j'ouïs le bruit que faisaient leurs ailes quand ils marchaient, qui était comme le bruit des grosses eaux, et comme le bruit du Tout-Puissant, un bruit éclatant comme le bruit d'une armée; et quand ils s'arrêtaient, ils baissaient leurs ailes.

25 Et lorsqu'en s'arrêtant ils baissaient leurs ailes, il se faisait un bruit au dessus de l'étendue qui était sur leurs têtes.

26 Et au dessus de cette étendue, qui était sur leurs têtes, il y avait la ressemblance d'un trône, qui était, à le voir, comme une pierre de saphir : et sur la ressemblance du trône il y avait une ressemblance, [qui], à la voir, était comme un homme assis sur le trône.

27 Et je vis comme la couleur du Hasmal, ressemblant à un feu, au dedans duquel il était tout à l'entour; depuis la ressemblance de ses reins, et par dessus; et depuis la ressemblance de ses reins jusqu'en bas je vis comme qui verrait du feu, et il y avait une splendeur autour de lui.

28 Et la splendeur qui se voyait autour de lui était comme l'arc qui se fait dans la nuée en un jour de pluie. C'est là la vision de la représentation de la gloire de l'Eternel; laquelle ayant vue, je tombai sur ma face, et j'entendis une voix qui parlait.

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Apocalypse Explained # 279

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279. And the second animal like a calf, signifies the appearance in ultimates of Divine good in respect to protection. This is evident from the signification of a "calf," or "bullock," as being the good of the natural man, and specifically his good of innocence and charity; and because it is the good of the natural man it also is the good of the lowest heaven, for this heaven is spiritual natural (See in the work on Heaven and Hell 29-31); and as this good is there, there is a guard or protection that the higher heavens be not approached except through the good of love and charity; this is why one cherub was like a calf. That this appearance was in ultimates, see just above n. 278. A "calf" or "bullock" signifies the good of the natural man, because animals from the herd signified the affections of good and truth in the external or natural man; and those from the flock signified the affections of good and truth in the internal or spiritual man. Those from the flock were lambs, she-goats, sheep, rams, and he-goats; those from the herd were oxen, bullocks, and calves.

[2] That "bullocks" and "calves" signify the good of the natural man is evident from the passages of the Word where they are mentioned. First from the description of the feet of the cherubim in Ezekiel:

Their foot was straight and the sole of their feet like the sole of a calf's foot, and they sparkled like the appearance of burnished brass (Ezekiel 1:7).

Their foot thus appeared "straight" because the cherubim represented the Divine guard of the Lord, and the feet and the soles of the feet represented the same in ultimates or in the spiritual natural heaven and the natural world; for "feet" in general signify the natural; a "straight foot" the natural in respect to good; "the sole of the foot" the ultimate of the natural; "burnished brass" also signifies good in the natural. From this it is clear that good in the natural is signified by a "calf," and that in this is the ultimate good that guards and protects lest the heavens be approached except through the good of love and charity. (That "feet" signify the natural, see Arcana Coelestia 2162, 3147, 3761, 3986, 4280, 4938-4952, 5327, 5328; that that which is to the right signifies good from which is truth, n. 9604, 9736, 10061; therefore a "straight foot" signifies the natural in respect to good. That "palms," "soles," and "hoofs," signify the ultimates in the natural, see n. 4938, 7729; and that "burnished brass" signifies natural good, see above, n. 70)

[3] In Hosea:

Return ye to Jehovah; say unto Him, Take away all iniquity, and accept good, and we will pay back the bullocks of our lips (Hosea 14:2).

What it is to "pay back the bullocks of the lips" no one can know unless he knows what "bullocks" and what "lips" signify; they mean evidently confession and thanksgiving from a good heart; but it is thus expressed because "bullocks" signify external good, and "lips" doctrine; therefore "paying back the bullocks of the lips" signifies to confess and give thanks from the goods of doctrine. (That "lips" signify doctrine, see Arcana Coelestia, n. 1286, 1288.)

[4] In Amos:

Ye cause the habitation of violence to draw near; they lie upon beds of ivory, and eat the lambs out of the flock, and the calves out of the midst of the stall (Amos 6:3, 4).

Here those who have an abundance of the knowledges of good and truth and yet lead an evil life are treated of; "to eat the lambs out of the flock" signifies to imbibe the knowledges of internal good or of the spiritual man; and "to eat the calves out of the midst of the stall" signifies to imbibe the knowledges of external good or of the natural man; and "to cause the habitation of violence to draw near" is to live a life contrary to charity.

[5] In Malachi:

Unto you that fear My name shall the Sun of righteousness arise and healing in His wings; that ye may go forth, and grow up as fatted calves (Malachi 4:2).

The "Sun of righteousness that shall arise to them that fear the name of Jehovah" signifies the good of love; and "healing in His wings" signifies the truth of faith; therefore "to go forth, and grow up as fatted calves," signifies the increase of all good, "fatted" and "fat" also signifying good.

[6] In Luke:

The father said of the prodigal son who returned penitent in heart, Bring forth the first robe and put it on him, and put a ring on his hand, and shoes on his feet; and bring hither the fatted calf and kill it, that we may eat and be glad (Luke 15:22, 23).

He who is acquainted only with the sense of the letter believes that no deeper meaning is contained in this than appears in that sense, when yet every particular involves heavenly things; as that they should "put on him the first robe," that they should "put a ring on his hand, and shoes on his feet," that they should "bring forth the fatted calf, that they might eat and be merry." By "the prodigal son" those who are prodigal of spiritual riches, which are the knowledges of truth and good, are meant; "his returning to his father, and his confession that he was not worthy to be called his son," signifies penitence of heart and humiliation; "the first robe with which he was clothed," signifies general and primary truths; "the ring on the hand" signifies the conjunction of truth and good in the internal or spiritual man; "the shoes on the feet" signify the same in the external or natural man, and both signify regeneration; "the fatted calf" signifies the good of love and charity; and "to eat and be glad" signifies consociation and heavenly joy.

[7] In Jeremiah:

I will give the men that have transgressed My covenant, who have not established the words of the covenant which they made before Me, that of the calf, which they cut in twain that they might pass between the parts thereof, the princes of Judah, and the princes of Jerusalem, the royal ministers and the priests, and all the people of the land, which passed between the parts of the calf, I will even give them into the hands of their enemies, that their carcass may be for food to the bird of the heavens (Jeremiah 34:18-20).

What is meant by "the covenant of the calf," and by "passing between its parts," no one can know without knowing what a "covenant" signifies, and a "calf," and its being "cut in twain;" then what is meant by "the princes of Judah and Jerusalem," by "the royal ministers," "the priests," and "the people of the land." Some heavenly arcanum is evidently meant; and it can be understood when it is known that a "covenant" means conjunction; a "calf" good, a "calf cut in twain" good proceeding from the Lord on the one hand, and good received by man on the other, whence is conjunction; and that "the princes of Judah and of Jerusalem, the royal ministers, the priests, and the people of the land," mean the goods and truths of the church; and that "to pass between the parts" means to conjoin. When these things are known, the internal sense of these words can be seen, namely, that there was no conjunction by the goods and truths of the church with that nation, but disjunction.

[8] Like things are involved in the "covenant of the calf" with Abram, of which in Genesis:

Jehovah said to Abram, Take to thee an heifer of three years old, and a she-goat of three years old, and a ram of three years old, and a turtle dove, and a young pigeon. And he took him all these, and divided them in the midst, and laid each part over against the other; but the birds divided he not. And the birds of prey came down upon the carcasses; and Abram drove them away. And the sun was at its going down, and a deep sleep fell upon Abram; and lo, a terror of great darkness fell upon him. And in that day Jehovah made a covenant with Abram (Genesis 15:9-12, 18).

The "terror of great darkness" that fell upon Abram signified the state of the Jewish nation, which was in the greatest darkness in respect to the truths and goods of the church. This state of that nation is what is described in the prophet by "the covenant of the calf which they cut into two parts, between which they passed." Since a "calf" signifies the good of the natural man and its truth, which is knowledge [scientificum]; and since the natural man and its knowledge [scientificum] is signified by "Egypt," therefore in the Word Egypt is called a "she-calf," and a "he-calf;" moreover, when they applied the knowledges [scientifica] of the church to magical and idolatrous purposes they turned the calf into an idol; this was why the sons of Israel made to themselves a he-calf in the wilderness, and worshiped it, and also why they had a calf in Samaria.

[9] That Egypt was called a he-calf and a she-calf can be seen in Jeremiah:

A very fair she-calf is Egypt; destruction cometh out of the north, her hirelings in the midst of her are like he-calves of the stall (Jeremiah 46:20-21).

Respecting the calf that the sons of Israel made to themselves in the wilderness, see Exodus 32; and respecting the "calf of Samaria" (1 Kings 12:28-32), about which is the following in Hosea:

They have made a king, but not by Me; they have made princes, and I knew it not; of their silver and their gold have they made them idols, that they may be cut off. Thy calf, O Samaria, hath forsaken thee. For it was from Israel; the workman made it, and it is not God; the calf of Samaria shall be broken in pieces (Hosea 8:4-6).

This treats of the corrupt explanation of the Word, when the sense of its letter is turned to favor self-love, and the principles of religion derived therefrom. "They have made a king, but not by Me, and they have made princes, and I knew it not," signifies doctrines from self-intelligence, which in themselves are falsities, but which they make to appear as truths; for "king" signifies truth, and in a contrary sense, falsity; "princes" signify primary truths, or falsities, which are called principles of religion. "To make idols of their silver and their gold" signifies to pervert the truths and goods of the church, and still to worship them as holy, although as they are from self-intelligence they are destitute of life; "silver" is the truth, and "gold" the good, which are from the Lord; "idols" signify worship from doctrine that is from self-intelligence; "the workman made it, and it is not God," signifies that is from the selfhood [ex proprio], and not from the Divine; "to be broken in pieces" signifies to be dispersed; which makes clear what is signified by the "calf of Samaria." Because "calves" signified the good of the natural man, calves were also sacrificed (See Exodus 29:11, 12 seq.; Leviticus 4:3, 13; 8:15 seq.; 9:2; 16:3; 23:18; Numbers 8:8 seq.; 15:24; 28:19, 20; Judges 6:25-29; 1 Samuel 1:25; 16:2; 1 Kings 18:23-26, 33); for all the animals that were sacrificed signified the goods of the church of various kinds.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Foundation for their permission to use this translation.

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