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1 Samuel 8

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1 Et il arriva que quand Samuel fut devenu vieux, il établit ses fils pour Juges sur Israël.

2 Son fils premier-né avait nom Joël; et le second avait nom Abija; [et] ils jugeaient à Beersébah.

3 Mais ses fils ne suivaient point son exemple, car ils se détournaient après le gain déshonnête; ils prenaient des présents, et ils s'éloignaient de la justice.

4 C'est pourquoi tous les Anciens d'Israël s'assemblèrent, et vinrent vers Samuel à Rama;

5 Et lui dirent : Voici, tu es devenu vieux, et tes fils ne suivent point tes voies; maintenant établis sur nous un Roi pour nous juger comme en ont toutes les nations.

6 Et Samuel fut affligé de ce qu'ils lui avaient dit : Etablis sur nous un Roi pour nous juger; et Samuel fit requête à l'Eternel.

7 Et l'Eternel dit à Samuel : Obéis à la voix du peuple en tout ce qu'ils te diront : car ce n'est pas toi qu'ils ont rejeté, mais c'est moi qu'ils ont rejeté, afin que je ne règne point sur eux.

8 Selon toutes les actions qu'ils ont faites depuis le jour que je les ai fait monter hors d'Egypte jusques à ce jour, et qu'ils m'ont abandonné, et ont servi d'autres dieux; ainsi en font-ils aussi à ton égard.

9 Maintenant donc obéis à leur voix; mais ne manque point de leur protester, et de leur déclarer comment le Roi qui régnera sur eux, les traitera.

10 Ainsi Samuel dit toutes les paroles de l'Eternel, au peuple qui lui avait demandé un Roi.

11 Il leur dit donc : Ce sera ici la manière en laquelle vous traitera le Roi qui régnera sur vous. Il prendra vos fils et les mettra sur ses chariots, et parmi ses gens de cheval, et ils courront devant son chariot.

12 [Il les prendra] aussi pour les établir Gouverneurs sur milliers, et Gouverneurs sur cinquantaines, pour faire son labourage, pour faire sa moisson, et pour faire ses instruments de guerre, et [tout] l'attirail de ses chariots.

13 Il prendra aussi vos filles pour en faire des parfumeuses, des cuisinières, et des boulangères.

14 Il prendra aussi vos champs, vos vignes; et les terres où sont vos bons oliviers, et il [les] donnera à ses serviteurs.

15 Il dîmera ce que vous aurez semé et ce que vous aurez vendangé, et il le donnera à ses Eunuques, et à ses serviteurs.

16 Il prendra vos serviteurs, et vos servantes, et l'élite de vos jeunes gens, et vos ânes, et les emploiera à ses ouvrages.

17 Il dîmera vos troupeaux, et vous serez ses esclaves.

18 En ce jour-là vous crierez à cause de votre Roi que vous vous serez choisi, mais l'Eternel ne vous exaucera point en ce jour-là.

19 Mais le peuple ne voulut point acquiescer au discours de Samuel, et ils dirent : Non; mais il y aura un Roi sur nous.

20 Nous serons aussi comme toutes les nations; et notre Roi Nous jugera, il sortira devant Nous, et il conduira nos guerres.

21 Samuel donc entendit toutes les paroles du peuple, et les rapporta à l'Eternel.

22 Et l'Eternel dit à Samuel : Obéis à leur voix, et établis leur un Roi. Et Samuel dit à ceux d'Israël : Allez-vous-en chacun en sa ville.

   

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Exploring the Meaning of 1 Samuel 8

Napsal(a) Garry Walsh

This chapter marks a historic turning point for the Children of Israel. Since their escape from Egypt some four hundred years earlier, the Lord Jehovah, through Moses, and Joshua, and then a series of judges, had directly ruled the people. Now, though, the people pleaded that they might instead have a king like other nations. In a sense, they wanted to be led by human nature, not by God's law and the prophets.

Samuel had grown old, and his sons, Joel and Abiah, had become judges over Israel. However, they took bribes and this influenced their judgments. This is like the corruption of the High Priest Eli’s sons, described in 1 Samuel 2, and also similar to the misbehavior of two of Aaron's sons, Nadab and Abihu, in Leviticus 10. The corruption of Samuel’s sons, as judges over Israel, was what spurred the Israelites to ask for a king.

Samuel prayed to the Lord, asking what he should do about the people’s demand for a king. The Lord assured him that the request came not because he, Samuel, had been rejected. Instead, it was the Lord Himself whom the people of Israel had rejected. The Lord sent a warning through Samuel to the people about what a king would be like. Samuel told them of the personal and financial cost that would come with having a king. The king would use a substantial portion of the land’s resources, and take the best for himself. Having a king would also mean that they were rejecting the Lord’s direct leadership, so they would be unable to call on His help in the way that they had in the past. The people heard the warning, but still did not change their minds.

There are two ways the Lord judges us. One way is through love or goodness. The other is through truth. In other words, our lives can be judged according to the type of love that exists in our hearts and that we show to others. We will make mistakes, but it is our intent that matters most. Judgment according to truth, by comparison, is somewhat cold. We either obey the law or we don’t. The two, love and truth, should exist together. Intentions should be considered together with what we actually do. From this time in Israelite history, the role of priest, representing judgment from goodness or love, was separated from the role of king, representing judgment by truth. They denied themselves the opportunity to be ruled by love and left themselves to be ruled by the cold letter of the law. (See Arcana Coelestia 6148 [3, 5, 6].)

Swedenborg also discusses this concept as follows:

"In the Word a careful distinction is made between people and nation, 'people' meaning truths, 'nation' goods, as shown already in 1259, 1260. Kings have reference to peoples, and not so much to nations. The children of Israel, before they sought to have kings, were 'a nation' and represented good, or that which is celestial; but after they desired a king and received one, they became 'a people' and represented not good or that which is celestial, but truth or that which is spiritual...." (Arcana Coelestia 1672)

This further supports the idea that they began to separate judgement by truth and judgement by love, choosing only truth, or the law, as represented by a king.

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Leviticus 10

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1 And Nadab and Abihu, the sons of Aaron, took either of them his censer, and put fire therein, and put incense thereon, and offered strange fire before the LORD, which he commanded them not.

2 And there went out fire from the LORD, and devoured them, and they died before the LORD.

3 Then Moses said unto Aaron, This is it that the LORD spake, saying, I will be sanctified in them that come nigh me, and before all the people I will be glorified. And Aaron held his peace.

4 And Moses called Mishael and Elzaphan, the sons of Uzziel the uncle of Aaron, and said unto them, Come near, carry your brethren from before the sanctuary out of the camp.

5 So they went near, and carried them in their coats out of the camp; as Moses had said.

6 And Moses said unto Aaron, and unto Eleazar and unto Ithamar, his sons, Uncover not your heads, neither rend your clothes; lest ye die, and lest wrath come upon all the people: but let your brethren, the whole house of Israel, bewail the burning which the LORD hath kindled.

7 And ye shall not go out from the door of the tabernacle of the congregation, lest ye die: for the anointing oil of the LORD is upon you. And they did according to the word of Moses.

8 And the LORD spake unto Aaron, saying,

9 Do not drink wine nor strong drink, thou, nor thy sons with thee, when ye go into the tabernacle of the congregation, lest ye die: it shall be a statute for ever throughout your generations:

10 And that ye may put difference between holy and unholy, and between unclean and clean;

11 And that ye may teach the children of Israel all the statutes which the LORD hath spoken unto them by the hand of Moses.

12 And Moses spake unto Aaron, and unto Eleazar and unto Ithamar, his sons that were left, Take the meat offering that remaineth of the offerings of the LORD made by fire, and eat it without leaven beside the altar: for it is most holy:

13 And ye shall eat it in the holy place, because it is thy due, and thy sons' due, of the sacrifices of the LORD made by fire: for so I am commanded.

14 And the wave breast and heave shoulder shall ye eat in a clean place; thou, and thy sons, and thy daughters with thee: for they be thy due, and thy sons' due, which are given out of the sacrifices of peace offerings of the children of Israel.

15 The heave shoulder and the wave breast shall they bring with the offerings made by fire of the fat, to wave it for a wave offering before the LORD; and it shall be thine, and thy sons' with thee, by a statute for ever; as the LORD hath commanded.

16 And Moses diligently sought the goat of the sin offering, and, behold, it was burnt: and he was angry with Eleazar and Ithamar, the sons of Aaron which were left alive, saying,

17 Wherefore have ye not eaten the sin offering in the holy place, seeing it is most holy, and God hath given it you to bear the iniquity of the congregation, to make atonement for them before the LORD?

18 Behold, the blood of it was not brought in within the holy place: ye should indeed have eaten it in the holy place, as I commanded.

19 And Aaron said unto Moses, Behold, this day have they offered their sin offering and their burnt offering before the LORD; and such things have befallen me: and if I had eaten the sin offering to day, should it have been accepted in the sight of the LORD?

20 And when Moses heard that, he was content.

   

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