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Nombres 22

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1 Les enfants d'Israël partirent, et ils campèrent dans les plaines de Moab, au delà du Jourdain, vis-à-vis de Jéricho.

2 Balak, fils de Tsippor, vit tout ce qu'Israël avait fait aux Amoréens.

3 Et Moab fut très effrayé en face d'un peuple aussi nombreux, il fut saisi de terreur en face des enfants d'Israël.

4 Moab dit aux anciens de Madian: Cette multitude va dévorer tout ce qui nous entoure, comme le boeuf broute la verdure des champs. Balak, fils de Tsippor, était alors roi de Moab.

5 Il envoya des messagers auprès de Balaam, fils de Beor, à Pethor sur le fleuve, dans le pays des fils de son peuple, afin de l'appeler et de lui dire: Voici, un peuple est sorti d'Egypte, il couvre la surface de la terre, et il habite vis-à-vis de moi.

6 Viens, je te prie, maudis-moi ce peuple, car il est plus puissant que moi; peut-être ainsi pourrai-je le battre et le chasserai-je du pays, car je sais que celui que tu bénis est béni, et que celui que tu maudis est maudit.

7 Les anciens de Moab et Les anciens de Madian partirent, ayant avec eux des présents pour le devin. Ils arrivèrent auprès de Balaam, et lui rapportèrent les paroles de Balak.

8 Balaam leur dit: Passez ici la nuit, et je vous donnerai réponse, d'après ce que l'Eternel me dira. Et les chefs de Moab restèrent chez Balaam.

9 Dieu vint à Balaam, et dit: Qui sont ces hommes que tu as chez toi?

10 Balaam répondit à Dieu: Balak, fils de Tsippor, roi de Moab, les a envoyés pour me dire:

11 Voici, un peuple est sorti d'Egypte, et il couvre la surface de la terre; viens donc, maudis-le; peut-être ainsi pourrai-je le combattre, et le chasserai-je.

12 Dieu dit à Balaam: Tu n'iras point avec eux; tu ne maudiras point ce peuple, car il est béni.

13 Balaam se leva le matin, et il dit aux chefs de Balak: Allez dans votre pays, car l'Eternel refuse de me laisser aller avec vous.

14 Et les princes de Moab se levèrent, retournèrent auprès de Balak, et dirent: Balaam a refusé de venir avec nous.

15 Balak envoya de nouveau des chefs en plus grand nombre et plus considérés que les précédents.

16 Ils arrivèrent auprès de Balaam, et lui dirent: Ainsi parle Balak, fils de Tsippor: Que l'on ne t'empêche donc pas de venir vers moi;

17 car je te rendrai beaucoup d'honneurs, et je ferai tout ce que tu me diras; viens, je te prie, maudis-moi ce peuple.

18 Balaam répondit et dit aux serviteurs de Balak: Quand Balak me donnerait sa maison pleine d'argent et d'or, je ne pourrais faire aucune chose, ni petite ni grande, contre l'ordre de l'Eternel, mon Dieu.

19 Maintenant, je vous prie, restez ici cette nuit, et je saurai ce que l'Eternel me dira encore.

20 Dieu vint à Balaam pendant la nuit, et lui dit: Puisque ces hommes sont venus pour t'appeler, lève-toi, va avec eux; mais tu feras ce que je te dirai.

21 Balaam se leva le matin, sella son ânesse, et partit avec les chefs de Moab.

22 La colère de Dieu s'enflamma, parce qu'il était parti; et l'ange de l'Eternel se plaça sur le chemin, pour lui résister. Balaam était monté sur son ânesse, et ses deux serviteurs étaient avec lui.

23 L'ânesse vit l'ange de l'Eternel qui se tenait sur le chemin, son épée nue dans la main; elle se détourna du chemin et alla dans les champs. Balaam frappa l'ânesse pour la ramener dans le chemin.

24 L'ange de l'Eternel se plaça dans un sentier entre les vignes; il y avait un mur de chaque côté.

25 L'ânesse vit l'ange de l'Eternel; elle se serra contre le mur, et pressa le pied de Balaam contre le mur. Balaam la frappa de nouveau.

26 L'ange de l'Eternel passa plus loin, et se plaça dans un lieu où il n'y avait point d'espace pour se détourner à droite ou à gauche.

27 L'ânesse vit l'ange de l'Eternel, et elle s'abattit sous Balaam. La colère de Balaam s'enflamma, et il frappa l'ânesse avec un bâton.

28 L'Eternel ouvrit la bouche de l'ânesse, et elle dit à Balaam: Que t'ai je fait, pour que tu m'aies frappée déjà trois fois?

29 Balaam répondit à l'ânesse: C'est parce que tu t'es moquée de moi; si j'avais une épée dans la main, je te tuerais à l'instant.

30 L'ânesse dit à Balaam: Ne suis-je pas ton ânesse, que tu as de tout temps montée jusqu'à ce jour? Ai-je l'habitude de te faire ainsi? Et il répondit: Non.

31 L'Eternel ouvrit les yeux de Balaam, et Balaam vit l'ange de L'Eternel qui se tenait sur le chemin, son épée nue dans la main; et il s'inclina, et se prosterna sur son visage.

32 L'ange de l'Eternel lui dit: Pourquoi as-tu frappé ton ânesse déjà trois fois? Voici, je suis sorti pour te résister, car c'est un chemin de perdition qui est devant moi.

33 L'ânesse m'a vu, et elle s'est détournée devant moi déjà trois fois; si elle ne se fût pas détournée de moi, je t'aurais même tué, et je lui aurais laissé la vie.

34 Balaam dit à l'ange de l'Eternel: J'ai péché, car je ne savais pas que tu te fusses placé au-devant de moi sur le chemin; et maintenant, si tu me désapprouves, je m'en retournerai.

35 L'ange de l'Eternel dit à Balaam: Va avec ces hommes; mais tu ne feras que répéter les paroles que je te dirai. Et Balaam alla avec les chefs de Balak.

36 Balak apprit que Balaam arrivait, et il sortit à sa rencontre jusqu'à la ville de Moab qui est sur la limite de l'Arnon, à l'extrême frontière.

37 Balak dit à Balaam: N'ai-je pas envoyé auprès de toi pour t'appeler? Pourquoi n'es-tu pas venu vers moi? Ne puis-je donc pas te traiter avec honneur?

38 Balaam dit à Balak: Voici, je suis venu vers toi; maintenant, me sera-t-il permis de dire quoi que ce soit? Je dirai les paroles que Dieu mettra dans ma bouche.

39 Balaam alla avec Balak, et ils arrivèrent à Kirjath-Hutsoth.

40 Balak sacrifia des boeufs et des brebis, et il en envoya à Balaam et aux chefs qui étaient avec lui.

41 Le matin, Balak prit Balaam, et le fit monter à Bamoth-Baal, d'où Balaam vit une partie du peuple.

   

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Arcana Coelestia # 1992

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1992. 'I am God Shaddai' means, in the sense of the letter, the name of Abram's God, by means of which the Lord was represented before them at first. This is clear from references in the Word to Abram and his father's house worshipping other gods. Surviving in Syria, where Abram came from, there were remnants of the Ancient Church, and many families there retained its worship, as is clear in the case of Eber who came from those parts and from whom the Hebrew nation descended. They likewise retained the name Jehovah, as is evident from what has been shown in Volume One, in 1343, and from Balaam, who also came from Syria, and who offered sacrifices and called his God Jehovah. That he came from Syria is indicated in Numbers 23:7; that he offered sacrifices, in Numbers 22:39-40; 23:1-3, 14, 29; and that he called his God Jehovah, in Numbers 2:8, 13, 18, 31; 23:8, 12, 16.

[2] But in the case of the house of Terah, Abram and Nahor's father, this was not so. That house was one of the gentile families there which had not only lost the name of Jehovah but also served other gods; and instead of Jehovah they worshipped Shaddai, whom they called their own god. The fact that they had lost the name of Jehovah is clear from the places quoted in Volume One, in 1343; and the fact that they served other gods is explicitly stated in Joshua,

Joshua said to all the people, Thus said Jehovah, the God of Israel, Your fathers dwelt of old beyond the River, Terah, the father of Abraham and the father of Nahor, and they served other gods. Now fear Jehovah, and serve Him in sincerity and truth, and put away the gods which your fathers served beyond the River, and in Egypt, and serve Jehovah. And if it is evil in your eyes to serve Jehovah, choose this day whom you are to serve, whether the gods which your fathers served who were beyond the River, or the gods of the Amorites. Joshua 24:2, 14-15.

The fact that Nahor as well, Abram's brother, and the nation that descended from him, served other gods is also clear from Laban the Syrian, who lived in the city of Nahor and worshipped the images or teraphim which Rachel stole, Genesis 24:10; 31:19, 30, 32, 34 - see what has been stated in Volume One, in 1356. That instead of Jehovah they worshipped Shaddai, whom they called their god, is plainly stated in Moses,

I, Jehovah, appeared to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob as God Shaddai, and by My name Jehovah I was not known to them. Exodus 6:2-3.

[3] These references show what Abram was by disposition in his younger days, namely an idolater like other gentiles, and that even up to and during the time he was in the land of Canaan he had not cast the god Shaddai away from his mind; and this accounts for the declaration here, 'I am God Shaddai', which in the sense of the letter means the name of Abram's god. And from Exodus 6:2-3, that has just been quoted, it is evident that it was by this name that the Lord was first represented before them - before Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.

[4] The reason the Lord was willing to be represented before them first of all through the name Shaddai is that the Lord is never willing to destroy quickly, still less immediately, the worship implanted in someone since earliest childhood. He is unwilling to destroy it because it would be an uprooting and so a destroying of the deeply implanted feeling for what is holy which is expressed in adoration and worship, a feeling which the Lord never crushes but bends. The holiness which is expressed in worship and has been inrooted since earliest childhood is such that it does not respond to violence but to gentle and kindly bending. The same applies to gentiles who during their lifetime have worshipped idols and yet have led charitable lives one with another. Because the holiness expressed in their worship has been inrooted since earliest childhood it is not removed all of a sudden in the next life but gradually. For people who have led charitable lives one with another are able to have implanted in them without difficulty the goods and truths of faith; these they subsequently receive with joy, charity being the soil itself. This is what happened in the case of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, that is to say, the Lord allowed them to retain the name God Shaddai; indeed He went so far as to speak of Himself as God Shaddai, which He did because of what that name meant.

[5] Some translators render Shaddai as the Almighty, others as the Thunderbolt-hurler. But strictly speaking it means the Tempter, and the One who does good following temptations, as is clear in Job who, because he suffered many temptations, mentions Shaddai so many times, such as the following places in his book make clear,

Behold, blessed is the man whom God reproves; and despise not the chastening of Shaddai. Job 5:17.

The arrows of Shaddai are with me, the terrors of God are arrayed against me. Job 6:4.

He will forsake the fear of Shaddai. Job 6:14.

I will speak to Shaddai, and I desire to dispute with God. Job 13:3.

He has stretched forth his hand against God, and emboldens himself against Shaddai. Job 15:25.

His eyes will see his destruction and he will drink of the wrath of Shaddai. Job 21:20.

As for Shaddai, you will not find him. He is great in power and judgement, and in the abundance of righteousness. He will not afflict. Job 37:23.

Also in Joel,

Alas for the day! For the day of Jehovah is near, and as destruction from Shaddai will it come. Joel 1:15.

This becomes clear also from the actual word Shaddai, which means vastation, thus temptation, for temptation is a variety of vastation. But because the name had its origins among the nations in Syria, he is not called Elohim Shaddai but El Shaddai; and in Job he is called simply Shaddai, with El, or God, mentioned separately.

[6] Because comfort follows temptations people also attributed the good that comes out of temptations to the same Shaddai, as in Job 22:17, 23, 25-26; and they also attributed to him the understanding of truth which resulted from those temptations, 32:8; 33:4. And because in this way he was regarded as a god of truth, for vastation, temptation, chastisement, and reproving belong in no way to good but to truth, and because the Lord was represented by means of it before Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, the name was retained even among the Prophets. But with the latter Shaddai was used to mean truth, as in Ezekiel,

I heard the sound of the cherubs' wings, like the sound of many waters, like the sound of Shaddai as they were coming, a sound of tumult, like the sound of a camp. Ezekiel 1:24.

In the same prophet,

The court was full of the brightness of the glory of Jehovah, and the sound of the wings of the cherubs was heard as far as the outer court, like the voice of the god Shaddai when he speaks. Ezekiel 10:4-5.

Here Jehovah stands for good, Shaddai for truth. 'Wings' likewise in the Word means in the internal sense things that are matters of truth.

[7] Isaac and Jacob too used the name God Shaddai in a similar way, namely as one who tempts, rescues from temptation, and after that does good to them. Isaac addressed his son Jacob when he was about to flee on account of Esau,

God Shaddai bless you and make you fruitful and multiply you. Genesis 28:3.

Jacob addressed his sons when they were about to journey into Egypt to buy grain and were so greatly afraid of Joseph,

May God Shaddai grant you mercy before the man, and may He send back with you your other brother and Benjamin. Genesis 43:14.

Jacob, by now Israel, when blessing Joseph, who had experienced the evils of temptation more than his brothers and had been released from them, declared,

By the God of your father, and He will help you; and with Shaddai, and He will bless you. Genesis 49:25.

This then explains why the Lord was willing to be represented at first as God Shaddai whom Abram worshipped when He declared,

I am God Shaddai.

And later on He referred to Himself in a similar way before Jacob, I am God Shaddai; be fruitful and multiply. Genesis 35:11.

And a further reason is that the subject of the internal sense in what has gone before has been temptations.

[8] The worship of Shaddai with them had its origin, as it did with a certain nation which in the Lord's Divine mercy will be described later on, and also with those who belonged to the Ancient Church, in the fact that quite often they heard spirits who reproached them and who also afterwards consoled them. The spirits who reproached them were perceived as being on the left side below the arm; at the same time angels were present from the head who overruled the spirits and toned down the reproaching. And because they imagined that everything declared to them through the spirits was Divine, they called the reproaching spirit Shaddai. And because he also afterwards gave consolation they called him God Shaddai. Since they had no understanding of the internal sense of the Word, people in those days, including the Jews, possessed that kind of religion in which they imagined that all evil and so all temptation came from God just as all good and thus all comfort did. But that in actual fact this is not at all the case, see Volume One, in 245, 592, 696, 1093, 1874, 1875.

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.