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Lévitique 5

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1 Lorsque quelqu'un, après avoir été mis sous serment comme témoin, péchera en ne déclarant pas ce qu'il a vu ou ce qu'il sait, il restera chargé de sa faute.

2 Lorsque quelqu'un, sans s'en apercevoir, touchera une chose souillée, comme le cadavre d'un animal impur, que ce soit d'une bête sauvage ou domestique, ou bien d'un reptile, il deviendra lui-même impur et il se rendra coupable.

3 Lorsque, sans y prendre garde, il touchera une souillure humaine quelconque, et qu'il s'en aperçoive plus tard, il en sera coupable.

4 Lorsque quelqu'un, parlant à la légère, jure de faire du mal ou du bien, et que, ne l'ayant pas remarqué d'abord, il s'en aperçoive plus tard, il en sera coupable.

5 Celui donc qui se rendra coupable de l'une de ces choses, fera l'aveu de son péché.

6 Puis il offrira en sacrifice de culpabilité à l'Eternel, pour le péché qu'il a commis, une femelle de menu bétail, une brebis ou une chèvre, comme victime expiatoire. Et le sacrificateur fera pour lui l'expiation de son péché.

7 S'il n'a pas de quoi se procurer une brebis ou une chèvre, il offrira en sacrifice de culpabilité à l'Eternel pour son péché deux tourterelles ou deux jeunes pigeons, l'un comme victime expiatoire, l'autre comme holocauste.

8 Il les apportera au sacrificateur, qui sacrifiera d'abord celui qui doit servir de victime expiatoire. Le sacrificateur lui ouvrira la tête avec l'ongle près de la nuque, sans la séparer;

9 il fera sur un côté de l'autel l'aspersion du sang de la victime expiatoire, et le reste du sang sera exprimé au pied de l'autel: c'est un sacrifice d'expiation.

10 Il fera de l'autre oiseau un holocauste, d'après les règles établies. C'est ainsi que le sacrificateur fera pour cet homme l'expiation du péché qu'il a commis, et il lui sera pardonné.

11 S'il n'a pas de quoi se procurer deux tourterelles ou deux jeunes pigeons, il apportera en offrande pour son péché un dixième d'épha de fleur de farine, comme offrande d'expiation; il ne mettra point d'huile dessus, et il n'y ajoutera point d'encens, car c'est une offrande d'expiation.

12 Il l'apportera au sacrificateur, et le sacrificateur en prendra une poignée comme souvenir, et il la brûlera sur l'autel, comme les offrandes consumées par le feu devant l'Eternel: c'est une offrande d'expiation.

13 C'est ainsi que le sacrificateur fera pour cet homme l'expiation du péché qu'il a commis à l'égard de l'une de ces choses, et il lui sera pardonné. Ce qui restera de l'offrande sera pour le sacrificateur, comme dans l'offrande en don.

14 L'Eternel parla à Moïse, et dit:

15 Lorsque quelqu'un commettra une infidélité et péchera involontairement à l'égard des choses consacrées à l'Eternel, il offrira en sacrifice de culpabilité à l'Eternel pour son péché un bélier sans défaut, pris du troupeau d'après ton estimation en sicles d'argent, selon le sicle du sanctuaire.

16 Il donnera, en y ajoutant un cinquième, la valeur de la chose dont il a frustré le sanctuaire, et il la remettra au sacrificateur. Et le sacrificateur fera pour lui l'expiation avec le bélier offert en sacrifice de culpabilité, et il lui sera pardonné.

17 Lorsque quelqu'un péchera en faisant, sans le savoir, contre l'un des commandements de l'Eternel, des choses qui ne doivent point se faire, il se rendra coupable et sera chargé de sa faute.

18 Il présentera au sacrificateur en sacrifice de culpabilité un bélier sans défaut, pris du troupeau d'après ton estimation. Et le sacrificateur fera pour lui l'expiation de la faute qu'il a commise sans le savoir, et il lui sera pardonné.

19 C'est un sacrifice de culpabilité. Cet homme s'était rendu coupable envers l'Eternel.

   

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Arcana Coelestia # 10133

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10133. 'A continual [offering]' means within all Divine worship. This is clear from the meaning of 'continual', when it refers to such things as belong to Divine worship, as all and within all. For the subject is purification from evils and falsities by means of the good of innocence, this good being meant by 'lambs' and purification from evils and consequent falsities by a burnt offering of them. This is called 'continual' because it must be present in all Divine worship. Therefore also the offering was presented twice each day, in the morning and in the evening; and offerings made morning and evening served in general to represent all worship and what must be present within all worship. The good of innocence must be in all good, and consequently in all truth, if they are to be goodness and truth that have life from the Divine within them, and so it must be within all worship. For all worship, to be worship, must spring from the good of love and from the truths of faith.

All of the Church's and of heaven's good has innocence within it, and without that innocence good is not good, nor therefore is worship worship, see 2736, 2780, 6013, 7840, 7887, 9262.

What innocence is, 3994, 4001, 4797, 5236, 6107, 6765, 7902, 9262, 9936, and the places referred to in 10021 (end).

[2] 'Continual' means all and within all - that is to say, the all of worship, and within all worship - because it is a term that has a temporal connotation and in heaven, where the Word is understood not in the natural but in the spiritual sense, people have no notions of time. Instead of periods of time they perceive the kinds of things that are states. By 'continual' at this point therefore they perceive a perpetual state within worship, thus the all of worship and within all worship. The same applies to all other terms in the Word which have temporal connotations, such as yesterday, today, tomorrow, two days, three days, daily, a week, a month, a year, also times of day and seasons of the year - morning, midday, evening, night, spring, summer, autumn, and winter. Therefore if the spiritual sense of the Word is to be understood, any idea of a period of time acquired from its natural sense, any idea of a place as well, indeed any idea of an actual person must be set aside, and states of things must be conceived of instead. From this it may be seen how perfect the Word is in its internal sense, and so how perfect is the perception of it by the angels in heaven, consequently how much more excellent angels' wisdom and understanding are than the understanding and wisdom of people in the world, who think with solely natural vision focused on the completely finite things of this world and planet. Regarding periods of time in heaven, that they are states, see 1274, 1382, 2625, 2788, 2837, 3254, 3356, 3404, 3827, 4814, 4882, 4901, 4916, 6110, 7218, 7381, 8070; and regarding what states are, 4850.

[3] From all this it is evident what the continual burnt offering of lambs means, and so what 'continual' and 'continually' mean elsewhere, as in the commands that 'the fire shall burn continually on the altar', Leviticus 6:13, and that 'the continual bread shall be on the table', Numbers 4:7. 'The fire' there and 'the bread' mean the good of love received from the Lord and offered back to Him. For 'the fire', that it has this meaning, see 4906, 5215, 6314, 6832, 6834, 6849, 7324, 7852, 10055; and also for 'the bread', 2165, 2177, 3478, 3735, 3813, 4211, 4217, 4735, 4976, 9323, 9545. In those places as well 'continual' means in addition that this good must be present in all worship; and the fact that the same good is the source from which the truth of faith must shine, as if from its fire, is meant by the decree that they were to cause a lamp to go up 1 continually, Exodus 27:20, 'a lamp' being the truth and good of faith, see 9548, 9783.

Poznámky pod čarou:

1. i.e. to burn

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.

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Arcana Coelestia # 922

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922. 'He took from every clean beast, and from every clean bird' means goods that stem from charity, and the truths of faith. This has been shown already; 'beast' means goods that stem from charity, 45, 46, 142, 143, 246, 'bird' the truths of faith, 40, 776. Burnt offerings were made from cattle, from lambs and goats, and from turtle doves and young pigeons, Leviticus 1:2-17; Numbers 15:2-15; 28:1-end. These were clean beasts, each one of them meaning some particular heavenly quality. And because they meant these things in the Ancient Church, and in subsequent Churches represented them, it is clear that burnt offerings and sacrifices were nothing else than representatives that go with internal worship, and that when they had been divorced from internal worship they became idolatrous. This any mentally normal person can see, for what is an altar but merely something made of stone? And what is a burnt offering and a sacrifice but the slaughtering of an animal? For worship to be Divine it has to represent some heavenly quality which the worshippers know and acknowledge and from which they worship the One they are representing.

[2] Nobody except the person who does not wish to understand anything at all about the Lord can be ignorant of the fact that these things were representatives of the Lord. It is the internal things, namely charity and faith deriving from charity, through which the One who is being represented has to be seen, acknowledged, and believed, as is quite clear in the Prophets, for example in Jeremiah,

Thus said Jehovah Zebaoth, the God of Israel, Add your burnt offerings on to your sacrifices, and eat the flesh. I did not speak with your fathers and I did not command them on the day I brought them out of the land of Egypt on the matters of burnt offering and sacrifice. But this matter I commanded them, saying, Obey My voice, and I will be your God. Jeremiah 7:21-23.

Hearing or obeying His voice is obeying the law, the whole of which focuses on the one command that men should love God above everything else and their neighbour as themselves, for on these depend the Law and the Prophets, Matthew 22:37-40; 7:12. In David,

O Jehovah, sacrifice and offering You have not desired; burnt offering and sin-sacrifice You host not sought. I have delighted to do Your will, O my God, and Your law is within my heart. 1 Psalms 40:6, 8.

[3] In Samuel, who said to Saul,

Has Jehovah as great delight in burnt offerings and sacrifices as in obeying the voice of Jehovah? Behold, to obey is better than sacrifice, to hearken than the fat of rams. 1 Samuel 15:22.

What obeying His voice involves is apparent in Micah,

Shall I come before Jehovah with burnt offerings, with calves a year old? Will Jehovah be pleased with thousands of rams, with tens of thousands of rivers of oil? He has shown you, O man, what is good; and what does Jehovah require of you but to carry out judgement and the love of mercy, and to humble yourself by walking with your God. Micah 6:6-8.

These are the things that burnt offerings and sacrifices of clean beasts and birds mean. In Amos,

Though you offer Me your burnt offerings and gifts, I will not accept them, and the peace offering of your fatted ones I will not look upon. Let judgement flow like waters, and righteousness like a mighty stream. Amos 5:22, 24.

'Judgement' means truth, and 'righteousness' good. Both stem from charity and are the burnt offerings and sacrifices of the internal man. In Hosea,

I desire mercy and not sacrifice, and the knowledge of God rather than burnt offerings. Hosea 6:6.

From all these quotations the nature of sacrifices and burnt offerings when charity and faith are not present is clear. It is also clear from them that because 'clean beasts and clean birds' meant the goods that stem from charity and faith they also represented them.

Poznámky pod čarou:

1. literally, in the midst of my viscera

  
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Thanks to the Swedenborg Society for the permission to use this translation.